If you want to buy high-quality, low-price cocaine, there really is only one place to go, and that is the dark net anonymous markets.
Ako želite da kupite jeftin kokain veoma dobrog kvaliteta, zaista postoji samo jedno mesto gde treba otići, a to je mračna mreža anonimnih tržišta.
Now, you can't get to these sites with a normal browser -- Chrome or Firefox -- because they're on this hidden part of the Internet, known as Tor hidden services, where URLs are a string of meaningless numbers and letters that end in .onion, and which you access with a special browser called the Tor browser.
Ne možete da pristupite ovim sajtovima uz pomoć uobičajenih pretraživača - Hroma ili Fajerfoksa, jer se nalaze na skrivenom delu interneta, poznatom pod nazivom Torove tajne usluge, gde su URL-ovi nizovi besmislenih brojeva i slova koji se završavaju nastavkom „.onion”, a kojima pristupate uz posebni pretraživač pod nazivom pretraživač Tor.
Now, the Tor browser was originally a U.S. Naval intelligence project. It then became open source, and it allows anybody to browse the net without giving away their location. And it does this by encrypting your IP address and then routing it via several other computers around the world that use the same software. You can use it on the normal Internet, but it's also your key to the dark net. And because of this fiendishly clever encryption system, the 20 or 30 -- we don't know exactly -- thousand sites that operate there are incredibly difficult to shut down. It is a censorship-free world visited by anonymous users.
Pretraživač Tor je izvorno bio projekat obaveštajne službe američke mornarnice. Tada je postao otvoren izvor i dozvolio svima da pretražuju mrežu bez odavanja njihove lokacije. Ovo radi kroz šifrovanje vaše IP adrese a onda i njeno rutiranje preko nekoliko drugih kompjutera širom sveta koji koriste isti softver. Možete ga koristiti na uobičajenom internetu, ali je on ujedno i vaš ključ za mračni net. Zbog đavolski pametnog enkripcionog sistema, 20 ili 30 - ne znamo tačno - hiljada sajtova koji tamo rade neobično je teško ugasiti. To je svet bez cenzure koji posećuju anonimni korisnici.
Little wonder, then, that it's a natural place to go for anybody with something to hide, and that something, of course, need not be illegal. On the dark net, you will find whistle-blower sites, The New Yorker. You will find political activism blogs. You will find libraries of pirated books. But you'll also find the drugs markets, illegal pornography, commercial hacking services, and much more besides. Now, the dark net is one of the most interesting, exciting places anywhere on the net. And the reason is, because although innovation, of course, takes place in big businesses, takes place in world-class universities, it also takes place in the fringes, because those on the fringes -- the pariahs, the outcasts -- they're often the most creative, because they have to be. In this part of the Internet, you will not find a single lolcat, a single pop-up advert anywhere. And that's one of the reasons why I think many of you here will be on the dark net fairly soon.
Nije ni čudo, onda, da je to prirodno mesto da tamo ode bilo ko ko nešto krije, a to nešto, naravno, ne mora da bude ilegalno. Na mračnom netu ćete naći uzbunjivačke sajtove, Njujorker. Naći ćete blogove vezane za politički aktivizam. Naći ćete biblioteke sa piratskim knjigama. Međutim, naći ćete i tržišta sa drogama, ilegalnu pornografiju, komercijalne hakerske službe i mnogo štošta još. Tamni net je jedno od najinteresantnijih, najuzbudljivijih mesta bilo gde na internetu. Razlog tome je - zato što se inovacija, naravno, dešava u velikim biznisima, na univerzitetima svetske klase, dešava se i na marginama jer su oni na marginama - prokazani, izgnanici - obično najkreativniji jer moraju da budu. U ovom delu interneta, nećete naći nijednu jedinu sliku smešne mace, nijedan iskačući oglas bilo gde, a to je razlog zbog čega mislim da će se mnogi od vas ovde ubrzo naći na tamnom netu.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Not that I'm suggesting anyone in this audience would use it to go and procure high-quality narcotics. But let's say for a moment that you were.
Nije da sugerišem da bi ga bilo ko u ovoj publici koristio da ode i nabavi narkotike visokog kvaliteta, ali pretpostavimo na trenutak da bi.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Bear with me. The first thing you will notice on signing up to one of these sites is how familiar it looks. Every single product -- thousands of products -- has a glossy, high-res image, a detailed product description, a price. There's a "Proceed to checkout" icon. There is even, most beautifully of all, a "Report this item" button.
Budite strpljvi sa mnom. Prva stvar koju ćete primetiti po prijavljivanju na jedan od ovih sajtova je koliko poznato izgleda. Svaki proizvod - hiljade proizvoda - ima sjajne slike visoke rezolucije, detaljan opis proizvoda, cenu. Postoji ikonica „nastavite na kasu”. Postoji čak, što je najlepše od svega, dugme „prijavite ovaj predmet”.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Incredible.
Neverovatno.
You browse through the site, you make your choice, you pay with the crypto-currency bitcoin, you enter an address -- preferably not your home address -- and you wait for your product to arrive in the post, which it nearly always does. And the reason it does is not because of the clever encryption. That's important. Something far simpler than that. It's the user reviews.
Pretražujete sajt, odlučujete, plaćate kriptovalutom, bitkoinom, unesete adresu - poželjno je da to ne bude vaša kućna adresa - i čekate da vaš proizvod stigne u poštu, a što se skoro uvek dešava. Razlog tome nije pametna enkripcija. To je važno. Nešto mnogo jednostavnije od toga. To su korisničke preporuke.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
You see, every single vendor on these sites uses a pseudonym, naturally enough, but they keep the same pseudonym to build up a reputation. And because it's easy for the buyer to change allegiance whenever they want, the only way of trusting a vendor is if they have a good history of positive feedback from other users of the site.
Vidite, svaki pojedinačni prodavac na ovim sajtovima koristi pseudonim, prirodno, ali zadržavaju isti pseudonim da bi izgradili reputaciju. Pošto je za kupca lako da postane veran nekom drugom kad god poželi, jedini način da se veruje prodavcu je ako imaju dobru istoriju pozitivne povratne informacije drugih korisnika tog sajta.
And this introduction of competition and choice does exactly what the economists would predict. Prices tend to go down, product quality tends to go up, and the vendors are attentive, they're polite, they're consumer-centric, offering you all manner of special deals, one-offs, buy-one-get-one-frees, free delivery, to keep you happy.
Ovo uvođenje kompetitivnosti i izbora čini upravo ono što bi ekonomisti predvideli. Cene teže padu, kvalitet proizvoda teži porastu, a prodavci su pažljivi, ljubazni, usredsređeni na potrošača, nude svakojake posebne uslove, jednokratne ponude, kupi-jedno-dobiješ-dva akcije, besplatnu dostavu da biste ostali zadovoljni.
I spoke to Drugsheaven. Drugsheaven was offering excellent and consistent marijuana at a reasonable price. He had a very generous refund policy, detailed T's and C's, and good shipping times.
Pričao sam sa „Narkorajem”. „Narkoraj” je nudio odličnu i konzistentnu marihuanu po pristojnoj ceni. Imao je veoma velikodušnu politiku povraćaja, detaljne odredbe i uslove, dobro vreme isporuke.
"Dear Drugsheaven," I wrote, via the internal emailing system that's also encrypted, of course. "I'm new here. Do you mind if I buy just one gram of marijuana?"
„Dragi Narkoraju”, napisao sam preko internog sistema slanja mejlova koji je, naravno, šifrovan. „Nov sam ovde. Da li bi vam smetalo ako bih kupio samo jedan gram marihuane?”
A couple of hours later, I get a reply. They always reply.
Nekoliko sati kasnije, dobio sam odgovor. Uvek odgovaraju.
"Hi there, thanks for your email. Starting small is a wise thing to do. I would, too, if I were you."
„Ćao, hvala na mejlu. Počinjati sa malim je pametna stvar. I ja bih, da sam na vašem mestu.”
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
"So no problem if you'd like to start with just one gram. I do hope we can do business together. Best wishes, Drugsheaven."
„Nema problema ako hoćete da krenete samo sa jednim gramom. Nadam se da ćemo poslovati zajedno. Sve najbolje, Narkoraj.”
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I don't know why he had a posh English accent, but I assume he did.
Ne znam zašto je imao snobovski engleski akcenat, ali pretpostavljam da jeste.
Now, this kind of consumer-centric attitude is the reason why, when I reviewed 120,000 pieces of feedback that had been left on one of these sites over a three-month period, 95 percent of them were five out of five. The customer, you see, is king. But what does that mean? Well, on the one hand, that means there are more drugs, more available, more easily, to more people. And by my reckoning, that is not a good thing. But, on the other hand, if you are going to take drugs, you have a reasonably good way of guaranteeing a certain level of purity and quality, which is incredibly important if you're taking drugs. And you can do so from the comfort of your own home, without the risks associated with buying on the streets.
Ovaj stav koji stavlja kupca pre svega je razlog zbog kojeg sam, kada sam pregledao 120 000 povratnih komentara ostavljanih na jednom od ovih sajtova tokom tri meseca, 95 procenata njih ocenjeno je sa pet od mogućih pet glasova. Kupac je, vidite, kralj. Međutim, šta to znači? Pa, s jedne strane, to znači da ima više droge koja je dostupnija, lakše, većem broju ljudi. Moja je ocena da to nije dobra stvar. Međutim, sa druge strane, ako ćete uzimati drogu, imate prilično dobar način za zagarantovan određeni nivo čistoće i kvaliteta, što je izuzetno važno ako se drogirate, a možete to učiniti iz udobnosti svog doma, bez rizika koji je vezan za kupovinu na ulici.
Now, as I said, you've got to be creative and innovative to survive in this marketplace. And the 20 or so sites that are currently in operation -- by the way, they don't always work, they're not always perfect; the site that I showed you was shut down 18 months ago, but not before it had turned over a billion dollars' worth of trade. But these markets, because of the difficult conditions in which they are operating, the inhospitable conditions, are always innovating, always thinking of ways of getting smarter, more decentralized, harder to censor, and more customer-friendly.
Kao što sam rekao, morate da budete kreativni i inovativni da biste preživeli na ovom tržištu. Dvadesetak sajtova koji trenutno rade - uzgred, ne rade uvek, nisu uvek savršeni. Sajt koji sam vam pokazao bio je ugašen pre 18 meseci, ali ne pre nego što je obrnuo preko milijardu dolara u trgovini. Međutim, ova tržišta, zbog teških uslova u kojima rade, neprijateljskih uslova, stalno inoviraju, stalno razmišljaju kako da postanu pametniji, decentralizovaniji, da ih je teže cenzurisati i da su uslužniji prema kupcima.
Let's take the payment system. You don't pay with your credit card, of course -- that would lead directly back to you. So you use the crypto-currency bitcoin, which is easily exchanged for real-world currencies and gives quite a high degree of anonymity to its users.
Uzmimo primer sistema plaćanja. Ne plaćate kreditnom karticom, naravno - to bi navelo direktno ka vama. Zato koristite kriptovalutu, bitkoin, koja se lako razmenjuje za prave valute i pruža visok stepen anonimnosti korisnicima.
But at the beginning of these sites, people noticed a flaw. Some of the unscrupulous dealers were running away with peoples' bitcoin before they'd mailed the drugs out. The community came up with a solution, called multi-signature escrow payments. So on purchasing my item, I would send my bitcoin to a neutral, secure third digital wallet. The vendor, who would see that I'd sent it, would be confident that they could then send the product to me, and then when I received it, at least two of the three people engaged in the transaction -- vendor, buyer, site administrator -- would have to sign the transaction off with a unique digital signature, and then the money would be transferred.
Međutim, kada su ovi sajtovi stvoreni, ljudi su primetili jednu manu. Neki od beskrupuloznih prodavaca bežali su sa bitkoinima ljudi pre nego što bi poslali drogu. Zajednica je pronašla rešenje, nazvano uslovna isplata sa više potpisa. Tako, posle kupovine predmeta, poslao bih bitkoin u neutralni, sigurni, treći digitalni novčanik. Prodavac, koji bi video da sam ga poslao, bio bi siguran da će oni zatim moći da mi pošalju proizvod, a onda, kada bih ga primio, bar dvoje od troje ljudi uključenih u transakciji - prodavac, kupac, administrator sajta - morali bi da zaključe transakciju jedinstvenim digitalnim potpisom, a zatim bi se novac prebacio.
Brilliant! Elegant. It works.
Genijalno! Elegantno. Funkcioniše.
But then they realized there was a problem with bitcoin, because every bitcoin transaction is actually recorded publicly in a public ledger. So if you're clever, you can try and work out who's behind them. So they came up with a tumbling service. Hundreds of people send their bitcoin into one address, they're tumbled and jumbled up, and then the right amount is sent on to the right recipients, but they're different bitcoins: micro-laundering systems.
Međutim, onda su shvatili da postoji problem sa bitkoinom, jer je prebačaj svakog bitkoina zapravo bio registrovan u javnom izveštaju. Ako ste vispreni, možete da pokušate i shvatite ko stoji iza njih. Tako su osmislili uslugu „mešalice” bitkoina. Stotine ljudi šalje svoje bitkoine na jednu adresu, oni se mešaju i ispreturaju, a zatim se tačna suma šalje pravom primaocu, ali su to sada drugačiji bitkoini: sistemi za mikro-pranja.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
It's incredible.
Neverovatno je.
Interested in what drugs are trending right now on the dark net markets? Check Grams, the search engine. You can even buy some advertising space.
Zainteresovani ste koja su opojna sredstva sada u trendu na tržištima mračnog neta? Proverite Grams, pretraživač. Možete i da otkupite prostor za oglašavanje.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Are you an ethical consumer worried about what the drugs industry is doing? Yeah. One vendor will offer you fair trade organic cocaine.
Da li ste etični potrošač koji je zabrinut oko toga šta narko-industrija radi? Da. Jedan prodavac će vam ponuditi organski kokain iz fer prodaje.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
That's not being sourced from Colombian druglords, but Guatemalan farmers. They even promised to reinvest 20 percent of any profits into local education programs.
Ona ne potiče od kolumbijskih narkobosova, već farmera iz Gvatemale. Čak su i obećali da će ponovo uložiti 20 procenata zarade u lokalne obrazovne programe.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
There's even a mystery shopper.
Postoji čak i misteriozni kupac.
Now, whatever you think about the morality of these sites -- and I submit that it's not actually an easy question -- the creation of functioning, competitive, anonymous markets, where nobody knows who anybody else is, constantly at risk of being shut down by the authorities, is a staggering achievement, a phenomenal achievement. And it's that kind of innovation that's why those on the fringes are often the harbingers of what is to come.
Šta god da mislite o moralu ovih sajtova - a tvrdim da to nije lako pitanje - stvaranje funkcionalnog, kompetitivnog, anonimnog tržišta, gde niko ne zna ko je onaj drugi, konstantno pod rizikom da bude ugašen od strane vlasti, zapanjujuće je dostignuće, fenomenalan uspeh. To je vrsta inovacije zbog koje su oni koji su na marginama često vesnici onoga što će doći.
It's easy to forget that because of its short life, the Internet has actually changed many times over the last 30 years or so. It started in the '70s as a military project, morphed in the 1980s to an academic network, co-opted by commercial companies in the '90s, and then invaded by all of us via social media in the noughties, but I think it's going to change again. And I think things like the dark net markets -- creative, secure, difficult to censor -- I think that's the future.
Lako se zaboravlja da se, zbog kratkog postojanja, internet zapravo promenio mnogo puta tokom proteklih tridesetak godina. Nastao je sedamdesetih kao vojni projekat, polako se pretvorio u akademsku mrežu osamdesetih, preuzele su ga komercijalne kompanije devedesetih godina i zatim smo svi mi izvršili invaziju kroz društvene medije dvehiljaditih, ali mislim da će se to ponovo promeniti. Mislim da stvari kao što su tržišta mračnog interneta - kreativna, bezbedna, teška za cenzurisanje - mislim da su ona budućnost,
And the reason it's the future is because we're all worried about our privacy. Surveys consistently show concerns about privacy. The more time we spend online, the more we worry about them, and those surveys show our worries are growing. We're worried about what happens to our data. We're worried about who might be watching us.
a razlog zbog kog su budućnost je jer smo svi zabrinuti za našu privatnost. Istraživanja konzistentno pokazuju zabrinutost zbog privatnosti. Što više vremena provodimo onlajn, više brinemo o ovome, a ova istraživanja pokazuju da naša zabrinutost raste. Zabrinuti smo šta se dešava sa našim podacima. Brine nas ko bi nas mogao posmatrati.
Since the revelations from Edward Snowden, there's been a huge increase in the number of people using various privacy-enhancing tools. There are now between two and three million daily users of the Tor browser, the majority of which use is perfectly legitimate, sometimes even mundane. And there are hundreds of activists around the world working on techniques and tools to keep you private online -- default encrypted messaging services. Ethereum, which is a project which tries to link up the connected but unused hard drives of millions of computers around the world, to create a sort of distributed Internet that no one really controls. Now, we've had distributed computing before, of course. We use it for everything from Skype to the search for extraterrestrial life. But you add distributed computing and powerful encryption -- that's very, very hard to censor and control. Another called MaidSafe works on similar principles. Another called Twister, and so on and so on.
Od otkrovenja Edvarda Snoudena, postoji veliki porast u broju ljudi koji koriste različite načine zaštite privatnosti. Danas postoji između dva i tri miliona svakodnevnih korisnika pretraživača Tor, čije je korišćenje većinom savršeno legitimno, ponekad čak i u sasvim obične svrhe. Postoji i nekoliko stotina aktivista širom sveta koji rade na tehnikama i načinima da zadržite svoju onlajn privatnost - automatske usluge šifrovanih poruka. Etirijum, projekat koji pokušava da poveže povezane, ali neiskorišćene hard drajvere miliona kompjutera širom sveta da bi stvorio vrstu raspodeljenog interneta koji niko zaista ne kontroliše. Naravno da smo i ranije imali raspodeljeno korišćenje računara. Koristimo ga za sve, od Skajpa do potrage za vanzemaljskim životom, ali ako raspodeljenom računarstvu dodate moćnu enkripciju - to je veoma, veoma teško cenzurisati i kontrolisati. Drugi pod nazivom Mejdsejf radi po sličnim principima. Još jedan, nazvan Tvister, i tako dalje.
And here's the thing -- the more of us join, the more interesting those sites become, and then the more of us join, and so on. And I think that's what's going to happen.
Evo o čemu se radi - što nas je više pridruženih, sajt postaje interesantniji, a onda se pridružuje sve više i više ljudi, a mislim da će se to desiti.
In fact, it's already happening. The dark net is no longer a den for dealers and a hideout for whistle-blowers. It's already going mainstream. Just recently, the musician Aphex Twin released his album as a dark net site. Facebook has started a dark net site. A group of London architects have opened a dark net site for people worried about regeneration projects. Yes, the dark net is going mainstream, and I predict that fairly soon, every social media company, every major news outlet, and therefore most of you in this audience, will be using the dark net, too.
Zapravo, već se dešava. Mračni internet nije više samo jazbina za dilere i sklonište za uzbunjivače. Već ulazi u redovnu upotrebu. Skoro je muzičar Ejfeks Tvin objavio album kao sajt na mračnom internetu. Fejsbuk je započet kao sajt na mračnom internetu. Grupa londonskih arhitekata otvorila je sajt na mračnom netu za ljude koji su zabrinuti za projekat obnove. Da, mračni internet ulazi u mejnstrim i predviđam da će uskoro svaka kompanija društvenih medija, svaki glavni izvor novosti i, prema tome, većina vas u ovoj publici koristiti mračni internet, takođe.
So the Internet is about to get more interesting, more exciting, more innovative, more terrible, more destructive. That's good news if you care about liberty. It's good news if you care about freedom. It's good news if you care about democracy. It's also good news if you want to browse for illegal pornography and if you want to buy and sell drugs with impunity. Neither entirely dark, nor entirely light. It's not one side or the other that's going to win out, but both.
Internet će uskoro postati interesantniji, uzbudljiviji, inovativniji, strašniji, destruktivniji. To su dobre vesti ako vam je stalo do slobode, do nesputanosti, do demokratije. Takođe su dobre vesti ako želite da tražite ilegalnu pornografiju i ako hoćete da kupite ili prodate drogu nekažnjeno. Ni potpuno mračan, ni potpuno svetao. Ne postoji jedna ili druga strana koja će pobediti, već obe.
Thank you very much, indeed.
Hvala vam, zaista.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)