I'm gonna talk a little bit about open-source security, because we've got to get better at security in this 21st century.
Govoriću malo o otvorenom pristupu bezbednosti, jer moramo da budemo bolji u bezbednosti u ovom 21. veku.
Let me start by saying, let's look back to the 20th century, and kind of get a sense of how that style of security worked for us.
Počeću ovim rečima, pogledajmo 20. vek i to koliko je takav tip bezbednosti bio dobar za nas.
This is Verdun, a battlefield in France just north of the NATO headquarters in Belgium. At Verdun, in 1916, over a 300-day period, 700,000 people were killed, so about 2,000 a day.
Ovo je Verdun, bojno polje u Francuskoj severno od sedišta NATO-a u Belgiji. Na Verdunu je 1916. godine u periodu od 300 dana, ubijeno 700 000 ljudi, znači oko 2 000 dnevno.
If you roll it forward -- 20th-century security -- into the Second World War, you see the Battle of Stalingrad, 300 days, 2 million people killed.
Ako premotate unapred - bezbednost 20. veka - u Drugi svetski rat, vidite bitku kod Staljingrada, 300 dana, 2 miliona ljudi ubijeno.
We go into the Cold War, and we continue to try and build walls. We go from the trench warfare of the First World War to the Maginot Line of the Second World War, and then we go into the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall. Walls don't work.
Sada idemo u Hladni rat i nastavljamo da pokušavamo i gradimo zidove. Idemo od rovovskih borbi Prvog svetskog rata do Mažino linije Drugog svetskog rata, a zatim do Hladnog rata, Gvozdene zavese, Berlinskog zida. Zidovi ne funkcionišu.
My thesis for us today is, instead of building walls to create security, we need to build bridges. This is a famous bridge in Europe. It's in Bosnia-Herzegovina. It's the bridge over the Drina River, the subject of a novel by Ivo Andrić, and it talks about how, in that very troubled part of Europe and the Balkans, over time there's been enormous building of walls. More recently, in the last decade, we begin to see these communities start, hesitatingly, to come together.
Moja teza za nas danas je, umesto građenja zidova radi stvaranja bezbednosti, moramo da gradimo mostove. Ovo je poznati most u Evropi. Nalazi se u Bosni i Hercegovini. To je most na Drini, predmet romana Ive Andrića, koji govori o tome kako je u tom problematičnom delu Evrope i Balkana, svojevremeno bilo iznenađujuće mnogo sagrađenih zidova. U skorije vreme, u poslednjoj deceniji, uviđamo da ove zajednice počinju, pomalo nesigurno, da se zbližavaju.
I would argue, again, open-source security is about connecting the international, the interagency, the private-public, and lashing it together with strategic communication, largely in social networks.
Rekao bih, ponovo, otvoreni pristup bezbednosti je u povezivanju međunarodnog, međuagencijskog, privatno-javnog i njihovo prožimanje pomoću strateške komunikacije, uglavnom na društvenim mrežama.
So let me talk a little bit about why we need to do that, because our global commons is under attack in a variety of ways, and none of the sources of threat to the global commons will be solved by building walls.
Zato ću govoriti malo o tome zašto je to neophodno, jer su naše univerzalne vrednosti napadnute, na više načina i nijedan od izvora pretnji našim univerzalnim vrednostima neće biti rešen podizanjem zidova.
Now, I'm a sailor, obviously. This is a ship, a liner, clipping through the Indian Ocean. What's wrong with this picture? It's got concertina wire along the sides of it. That's to prevent pirates from attacking it. Piracy is a very active threat today around the world. This is in the Indian Ocean. Piracy is also very active in the Strait of Malacca. It's active in the Gulf of Guinea. We see it in the Caribbean. It's a $10-billion-a-year discontinuity in the global transport system. Last year, at this time, there were 20 vessels, 500 mariners held hostage. This is an attack on the global commons. We need to think about how to address it.
Ja sam mornar, očigledno. Ovo je brod, putnički brod, koji preseca Indijski okean. Šta nije u redu sa ovom slikom? Ima bodljikavu žicu sa obe strane. To treba da onemogući pirate da ga napadnu. Piratstvo je veoma aktivna pretnja danas svuda u svetu. Ovo je Indijski okean. Pirati su veoma aktivni u moreuzu Malaka. Aktivni su u Gvinejskom zalivu. Vidimo ih u Karipskom moru. To je 10 milijardi godišnje prekida u globalnom transportnom sistemu. Prošle godine u ovo vreme, bilo je 20 plovila, 500 mornara koji su držani kao taoci. Ovo je napad na univerzalne vrednosti. Moramo da smislimo kako da to rešimo.
Let's shift to a different kind of sea, the cyber sea. Here are photographs of two young men. At the moment, they're incarcerated. They conducted a credit card fraud that netted them over 10 billion dollars. This is part of cybercrime which is a $2-trillion-a-year discontinuity in the global economy. Two trillion a year. That's just under the GDP of Great Britain. So this cyber sea, which we know endlessly is the fundamental piece of radical openness, is very much under threat as well.
Hajde da se prebacimo na drugačiju vrstu mora, na sajber more. Ovo su fotografije 2 mlada čoveka. U ovom trenutku, oni su u zatvoru. Izveli su prevaru sa kreditnim karticama koja ih je obogatila za više od 10 milijardi dolara. Ovo je deo sajber kriminala koji godišnje pravi 2 000 milijardi prekida u svetskoj ekonomiji. 2 000 milijardi godišnje. To je malo manje od BDP-a Velike Britanije. Ovo sajber more, koje je kao što znamo fundamentalni deo radikalne otvorenosti, je takođe pod velikom pretnjom.
Another thing I worry about in the global commons is the threat posed by trafficking, by the movement of narcotics, opium, here coming out of Afghanistan through Europe over to the United States. We worry about cocaine coming from the Andean Ridge north. We worry about the movement of illegal weapons and trafficking. Above all, perhaps, we worry about human trafficking, and the awful cost of it. Trafficking moves largely at sea but in other parts of the global commons.
Još jedna stvar koja me brine u vezi sa univerzalnim vrednostima su pretnje izazvane trafikingom, trgovinom narkoticima, opijumom, koji dolaze iz Avganistana preko Evrope sve do Sjedinjenih Država. Brinemo zbog kokaina koji dolazi sa severnog grebena Anda. Brinemo zbog trgovine ilegalnim oružjem i trafikinga. Povrh svega, možda, brinemo zbog trgovine ljudima i grozne cene toga. Trafiking se kreće najviše na moru, ali i u ostalim delovima svetskih dobara.
This is a photograph, and I wish I could tell you that this is a very high-tech piece of US Navy gear that we're using to stop the trafficking. The bad news is, this is a semi-submersible run by drug cartels. It was built in the jungles of South America. We caught it with that low-tech raft — (Laughter) — and it was carrying six tons of cocaine. Crew of four. Sophisticated communications sweep. This kind of trafficking, in narcotics, in humans, in weapons, God forbid, in weapons of mass destruction, is part of the threat to the global commons.
Ovo je fotografija, voleo bih da mogu reći da je ovo visokotehnološki deo američke mornaričke opreme koju koristimo da zaustavimo trafiking. Loša vest je da je ovo polu-podmornica kojom upravljaju narko karteli. Napravljena je u džunglama Južne Amerike. Uhvatili smo je sa običnim splavom -- (Smeh) -- i nosila je 6 tona kokaina. Posada od njih četvoro. Čišćenje sofisticiranim komunikacijama. Ova vrsta trafikinga, narkotika, ljudi, oružja, ne daj bože, oružja za masovno uništenje, je deo pretnji univerzalnim vrednostima.
And let's pull it together in Afghanistan today. This is a field of poppies in Afghanistan. Eighty to 90 percent of the world's poppy, opium and heroin, comes out of Afghanistan. We also see there, of course, terrorism. This is where al Qaeda is staged from. We also see a very strong insurgency embedded there. So this terrorism concern is also part of the global commons, and what we must address.
Hajde da vidimo Avganistan danas. Ovo je polje maka u Avganistanu. 80-90 posto svetskog maka, opijuma i heroina dolazi iz Avganistana. Takođe tu nalazimo i terorizam. Ovde je stacionirana Al Kaida. Isto tako vidimo veliku pobunu koja je tu ukorenjena. Zato je ova zabrinutost oko terorizma takođe deo univerzalnih vrednosti i ono čemu se moramo posvetiti.
So here we are, 21st century. We know our 20th-century tools are not going to work. What should we do?
Evo nas sada u 21. veku. Znamo da sredstva iz 20. veka neće funkcionisati. Šta bi trebalo da uradimo?
I would argue that we will not deliver security solely from the barrel of a gun. We will not deliver security solely from the barrel of a gun. We will need the application of military force. When we do it, we must do it well, and competently.
Rekao bih da nećemo da osiguramo bezbednost samo oružjem. Nećemo osigurati bezbednost samo oružjem. Trebaće nam primena vojne sile. Kada to radimo, moramo da radimo dobro i kompetentno.
But my thesis is, open-source security is about international, interagency, private-public connection pulled together by this idea of strategic communication on the Internet.
Moja teorija je: otvorena bezbednost je o međunarodnoj, međuagencijskoj, privatno-javnoj vezi zasnovanoj na ideji strategijske komunikacije na Internetu.
Let me give you a couple of examples of how this works in a positive way. This is Afghanistan. These are Afghan soldiers. They are all holding books. You should say, "That's odd. I thought I read that this demographic, young men and women in their 20s and 30s, is largely illiterate in Afghanistan."
Evo nekoliko primera kako ovo funkcioniše na pozitivan način. Ovo je Avganistan. Ovo su avganistanski vojnici. Svi drže knjige. Trebalo bi da kažete: "Ovo je čudno. Mislim da sam pročitao da su ovi mladi muškarci i žene u svojim 20-im i 30-im mahom nepismeni u Avganistanu."
You would be correct.
Bili biste u pravu.
Eighty-five percent cannot read when they enter the security forces of Afghanistan. Why? Because the Taliban withheld education during the period of time in which these men and women would have learned to read.
85 posto ne zna da čita kada se priključe bezbednosnim jedinicama u Avganistanu. Zašto? Zato što su talibani uskratili obrazovanje u periodu kada je trebalo da ovi muškarci i žene nauče da čitaju.
So the question is, so, why are they all standing there holding books? The answer is, we are teaching them to read in literacy courses by NATO in partnership with private sector entities, in partnership with development agencies. We've taught well over 200,000 Afghan Security Forces to read and write at a basic level.
Pitanje je zašto svi stoje tamo i drže knjige? Odgovor je da ih mi učimo da čitaju u kursevima opismenjivanja NATO-a u partnerstvu sa entitetima privatnog sektora, u partnerstvu sa agencijama za razvoj. Naučili smo preko 200 000 avganistanskih bezbednosnih jedinica da čitaju i pišu na osnovnom nivou.
When you can read and write in Afghanistan, you will typically put a pen in your pocket. At the ceremonies, when these young men and women graduate, they take that pen with great pride, and put it in their pocket. This is bringing together international — there are 50 nations involved in this mission — interagency — these development agencies — and private-public, to take on this kind of security.
Kada možete da čitate i pišete u Avganistanu, možete da stavite olovku u džep. Na ceremonijama, kada ovi mladi muškarci i žene diplomiraju, oni uzimaju ovu olovku sa velikim ponosom i stavljaju je u svoj džep. Ovo povezuje međunarodne -- preko 50 nacija je uključeno u ovu misiju -- međuagencijske -- ove razvojne agencije -- i privatno-javne, da se uključe u ovakav vid bezbednosti.
Now, we are also teaching them combat skills, of course, but I would argue, open-source security means connecting in ways that create longer lasting security effect.
Mi ih učimo i borbenim veštinama, naravno, ali dodao bih, otvorena bezbednost znači povezivanje na načine koji stvaraju dugotrajne efekte bezbednosti.
Here's another example. This is a US Navy warship. It's called the Comfort. There's a sister ship called the Mercy. They are hospital ships. This one, the Comfort, operates throughout the Caribbean and the coast of South America conducting patient treatments. On a typical cruise, they'll do 400,000 patient treatments. It is crewed not strictly by military but by a combination of humanitarian organizations: Operation Hope, Project Smile. Other organizations send volunteers. Interagency physicians come out. They're all part of this.
Evo još jednog primera. Ovo je ratni brod američke mornarice. Zove se "Uteha". Postoji identičan brod koji se zove "Milost". To su bolnički brodovi. Ovaj, "Uteha" operiše kroz Karibe i obale Južne Amerike izvodeći tretmane pacijenata. Na standardnom krstarenju oni izvedu 400 000 tretmana pacijenata. Posada nije striktno vojna već je kombinacija humanitarnih organizacija: operacija "Nada", projekat "Osmeh". Ostale organizacije šalju volontere. Međuresorni lekari izlaze. Svi su deo ovoga.
To give you one example of the impact this can have, this little boy, eight years old, walked with his mother two days to come to the eye clinic put on by the Comfort. When he was fitted, over his extremely myopic eyes, he suddenly looked up and said, "Mama, veo el mundo." "Mom, I see the world." Multiply this by 400,000 patient treatments, this private-public collaboration with security forces, and you begin to see the power of creating security in a very different way.
Da bih vam pokazao kakav uticaj ovo može imati, ovaj osmogodišnji dečak je pešačio sa svojom majkom 2 dana da bi došao na očnu kliniku koju je postavila "Uteha". Kada je bio tretiran zbog svoje izuzetne kratkovidosti, odjednom je pogledao gore i rekao: "Mama veo el mundo." "Mama, vidim svet." Pomnožite ovo sa 400 000 tretmana pacijenata, ovu privatno-javnu saradnju sa bezbednosnim jednicama, tada počinjete da uviđate moć stvaranja bezbednosti na mnogo drugačiji način.
Here you see baseball players. Can you pick out the two US Army soldiers in this photograph? They are the two young men on either side of these young boys. This is part of a series of baseball clinics, where we have explored collaboration between Major League Baseball, the Department of State, who sets up the diplomatic piece of this, military baseball players, who are real soldiers with real skills but participate in this mission, and they put on clinics throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, in Honduras, in Nicaragua, in all of the Central American and Caribbean nations where baseball is so popular, and it creates security. It shows role models to young men and women about fitness and about life that I would argue help create security for us.
Ovde vidite bejzbol igrače. Možete li da pronađete 2 vojnika američke vojske na ovoj fotografiji? To su 2 mlada čoveka sa obe strane ovih dečaka. Ovo je deo serije bejzbol klinika, gde smo istraživali saradnju između Glavne bejzbol lige, Stejt Departmenta, koji predstavlja diplomatski deo ovoga, vojnih bejzboj igrača, koji su pravi vojnici sa stvarnim veštinama, ali učestvuju u ovoj misiji i postavljaju klinike svuda po Latinskoj Americi i Karibima, u Hondurasu, Nikaragvi, po celoj Centralnoj Americi i Karibima gde je bejzbol veoma popularan i tako se stvara bezbednost. Oni predstavljaju uzore mladim muškarcima i ženama o zdravom životu i o životu za koji tvrdim da pomaže stvaranju bezbednosti za nas.
Another aspect of this partnership is in disaster relief. This is a US Air Force helicopter participating after the tsunami in 2004 which killed 250,000 people. In each of these major disasters — the tsunami in 2004, 250,000 dead, the Kashmiri earthquake in Pakistan, 2005, 85,000 dead, the Haitian earthquake, about 300,000 dead, more recently the awful earthquake-tsunami combination which struck Japan and its nuclear industry — in all of these instances, we see partnerships between international actors, interagency, private-public working with security forces to respond to this kind of natural disaster. So these are examples of this idea of open-source security.
Jos jedan aspekt ovog partnerstva je u sprečavanju katastrofa. Ovo je helikopter američkih vazduhoplovnih snaga koji je učestvovao nakon cunamija 2004. koji je ubio 250 000 ljudi. U svakoj od ovih većih katastrofa -- cunami 2004. -- 250 000 mrtvih, zemljotres u Kašmiru u Pakistanu 2005., 85 000 mrtvih, zemljotres na Haitiju, oko 300 000 mrtvih, najskorija užasna kombinacija zemljotresa i cunamija koja je pogodila Japan i njihovu nuklearnu industriju -- u svim ovim slučajevima, vidimo partnerstvo međunarodnih aktera, međuagencijskih, privatno-javnih koji su radili sa bezbednosnim jedinicama da odgovore na ovu vrstu prirodnih katastrofa. Ovo su primeri ideje otvorenog pristupa bezbednosti.
We tie it together, increasingly, by doing things like this. Now, you're looking at this thinking, "Ah, Admiral, these must be sea lanes of communication, or these might be fiber optic cables." No. This is a graphic of the world according to Twitter. Purple are tweets. Green are geolocation. White is the synthesis. It's a perfect evocation of that great population survey, the six largest nations in the world in descending order: China, India, Facebook, the United States, Twitter and Indonesia. (Laughter)
Vezaćemo ih zajedno, uvećavajući, radeći stvari kao ove. Sada, vi gledate ovo i mislite: "Admirale, ovo moraju biti morske linije komunikacija ili ovo mogu biti optički kablovi." Ne. Ovo je crtež sveta prema Twitteru. Ljubičasto su tvitovi. Zeleno su geolokacije. Belo je sinteza. Ovo je savršena simulacija tog sjajnog istraživanja stanovništva, 6 najvećih nacija na svetu u opadajućem redosledu: Kina, Indija, Facebook, Sjedinjene Američke Države, Twitter i Indonezija. (Smeh)
Why do we want to get in these nets? Why do we want to be involved? We talked earlier about the Arab Spring, and the power of all this. I'll give you another example, and it's how you move this message.
Zašto želimo da se uključimo u ove mreže? Zašto želimo da budemo upleteni? Govorili smo ranije o arapskom proleću i moći svega ovoga. Daću vam još jedan primer, kako da prosledite ovu poruku.
I gave a talk like this in London a while back about this point. I said, as I say to all of you, I'm on Facebook. Friend me. Got a little laugh from the audience. There was an article which was run by AP, on the wire. Got picked up in two places in the world: Finland and Indonesia. The headline was: NATO Admiral Needs Friends. (Laughter) Thank you. (Applause) Which I do. (Laughter)
Održao sam ovakav govor u Londonu pre nekog vremena o ovom pitanju. Rekao sam, kao što govorim vama, ja sam na Facebooku. Dodajte me za prijatelja. Publika mi se malo smejala. Postojao je članak koji je pustio AP, na žici. Pokupili su ga na 2 mesta u svetu: Finskoj i Indoneziji. Naslov je glasio: NATO admiralu trebaju prijatelji. (Smeh) Hvala Vam. (Aplauz) Što mi i treba. (Smeh)
And the story was a catalyst, and the next morning I had hundreds of Facebook friend requests from Indonesians and Finns, mostly saying, "Admiral, we heard you need a friend, and oh, by the way, what is NATO?" (Laughter)
Priča je bila katalizator i sledećeg dana sam imao hiljade zahteva za prijateljstvo na Facebooku od Indonežana i Finaca, uglavnom govoreći: "Admirale, čuli smo da vam trebaju prijatelji, i da, inače, šta je NATO?" (Smeh)
So ... (Laughter)
Pa... (Smeh)
Yeah, we laugh, but this is how we move the message, and moving that message is how we connect international, interagency, private-public, and these social nets to help create security.
Da, smejemo se, ali ovo je kako da prosledimo tu poruku, a prosleđivanje te poruke predstavlja način na koji povezujemo međunarodno, međuagencijsko, privatno-javno i kako ove društvene mreže mogu pomoći da kreiramo bezbednost.
Now, let me hit a somber note. This is a photograph of a brave British soldier. He's in the Scots Guards. He's standing the watch in Helmand, in southern Afghanistan. I put him here to remind us, I would not want anyone to leave the room thinking that we do not need capable, competent militaries who can create real military effect. That is the core of who we are and what we do, and we do it to protect freedom, freedom of speech, all the things we treasure in our societies.
Dozvolite mi da pokrenem malo tmurniju temu. Ovo je fotografija hrabrog britanskog vojnika. On je u Škotskoj gardi. Na straži je u Helmandu u južnom Avganistanu. Stavio sam ga ovde da nas podseti, ne želim da bilo ko napusti ovu prostoriju misleći da nam ne trebaju sposobni, kompetentni vojnici koji mogu da stvore pravi vojni efekat. Ovo je suština onoga što smo i šta radimo i to radimo da bi zaštitili slobodu, slobodu govora i stvari koje cenimo u našim društvima.
But, you know, life is not an on-and-off switch. You don't have to have a military that is either in hard combat or is in the barracks.
Ali znate, život nije na prekidač. Ne morate da imate vojsku koja je ili u teškoj borbi ili u barakama.
I would argue life is a rheostat. You have to dial it in, and as I think about how we create security in this 21st century, there will be times when we will apply hard power in true war and crisis, but there will be many instances, as we've talked about today, where our militaries can be part of creating 21st-century security, international, interagency, private-public, connected with competent communication.
Rekao bih da je život reostat. Morate da ga podesite i baš kao što mislim kako stvaramo bezbednost u 21. veku, biće vremena kada ćemo da primenimo tešku moć u stvarnim ratovima i krizama, ali biće mnogo slučajeva, kao što smo govorili danas, gde će naše vojske biti deo stvaranja bezbednost 21. veka, međunarodnu, međuagencijsku, privatno-javnu, povezanu odgovarajućim komunikacijama.
I would close by saying that we heard earlier today about Wikipedia. I use Wikipedia all the time to look up facts, and as all of you appreciate, Wikipedia is not created by 12 brilliant people locked in a room writing articles. Wikipedia, every day, is tens of thousands of people inputting information, and every day millions of people withdrawing that information. It's a perfect image for the fundamental point that no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together. No one person, no one alliance, no one nation, no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.
Završio bih rečima koje smo čuli ranije danas o Vikipediji. Koristim Vikipediju svakodnevno da bih potražio činjenice i kao što svi vi cenite, Vikipedija nije stvorilo 12 briljantnih ljudi koji zatvoreni u sobi pišu članke. Vikipedija, svakodnevno, predstavlja desetine hiljada ljudi koji ubacuju informacije i svakodnevno milioni ljudi koriste te informacije. To je odlična slika za ovo fundamentalno stanovište da niko od nas nije pametan kao svi mi kada razmišljamo zajedno. Nijedna osoba, nijedan savez, nijedna nacija, niko od nas nije pametan kao svi mi zajedno.
The vision statement of Wikipedia is very simple: a world in which every human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. My thesis for you is that by combining international, interagency, private-public, strategic communication, together, in this 21st century, we can create the sum of all security.
Ideja vodilja Vikipedije je veoma jednostavna: svet gde svako ljudsko biće može besplatno da sudeluje u sumi svih znanja. Moja teorija za vas je da kombinacijom međunarodne, međuresorne, privatno-javne, strategijske komunikacije, zajedno, u ovom 21. veku, možemo da stvorimo zbir cele bezbednosti.
Thank you. (Applause)
Hvala vam. (Aplauz)
Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
Mnogo vam hvala. Hvala vam. Hvala vam. (Aplauz)