As someone who has spent his entire career trying to be invisible
Bere bizitza profesional osoan zehar ikustezina izaten ahalegindu den norbaitentzat
standing in front of an audience is a cross between an out-of-body experience and a deer caught in the headlights, so please forgive me for violating one of the TED commandments by relying on words on paper, and I only hope I'm not struck by lightning bolts before I'm done. I'd like to begin by talking about some of the ideas that motivated me to become a documentary photographer.
jendaurrean agertzea gorputzaz kanpoko esperientzia baten eta faroen argiek itsututako oreinak sentitzen duenaren arteko zerbaiten antzekoa da, beraz, barkaidazue TEDen aginduetako bat haustea paperean idatzitako hitzetaz fidatuz. Soilik bukatu baino lehen tximista batek harrapa ez nazan espero dut. Argazkilari dokumentala izatera bultzatu ninduten ideietako batzuei buruz mintzatuz hasi nahiko nuke.
I was a student in the '60s, a time of social upheaval and questioning, and on a personal level, an awakening sense of idealism. The war in Vietnam was raging; the Civil Rights Movement was under way; and pictures had a powerful influence on me. Our political and military leaders were telling us one thing, and photographers were telling us another. I believed the photographers, and so did millions of other Americans. Their images fueled resistance to the war and to racism. They not only recorded history; they helped change the course of history. Their pictures became part of our collective consciousness and, as consciousness evolved into a shared sense of conscience, change became not only possible, but inevitable.
Ikaslea nintzen 60ko hamarkadan, gizarte-asaldura eta eztabaiden garai batean eta, pertsonal mailan, idealismo sentimendu baten hasiera. Vietnamgo gerra goren mailan zegoen; eskubide zibilen aldeko mugimendua abian zen; eta irudiek eragin bizia zeukaten nigan. Gure buruzagi politiko eta militarrek gauza bat esaten ziguten eta argazkilariek beste bat. Nik argazkilariengan sinesten nuen, beste miloika estatubatuarrek bezala. Euren irudiek gerra eta arrazakeriaren aurkako erresistentzia suspertu zuten. Ez zuten historia erregistratu soilik; historia aldatzen lagundu zuten. Euren argazkiak gure kontzientzia kolektiboaren parte bihurtu ziren, eta, kontzientzia hau bateratua izatera pasa zenean, aldaketa ez zen soilik posible bihurtu, ezinbestekoa baizik.
I saw that the free flow of information represented by journalism, specifically visual journalism, can bring into focus both the benefits and the cost of political policies. It can give credit to sound decision-making, adding momentum to success. In the face of poor political judgment or political inaction, it becomes a kind of intervention, assessing the damage and asking us to reassess our behavior. It puts a human face on issues which from afar can appear abstract or ideological or monumental in their global impact. What happens at ground level, far from the halls of power, happens to ordinary citizens one by one.
konturatu nintzen kazetaritzak dakarren informazio askearen jarioak, bereziki argazki kazetaritzak, erabaki politikoen onurak zein ondorioak nabarmendu ditzakela. Erabaki onuragarriei sinesgarritasuna eman diezaieke, euren arrakasta bultzatuz. Erabaki politiko txar edo geldotasun politikoaren aurrean, bitartekotza batean bilakatzen da, kalteen berri emanez eta gure jokaera berrazter dezagun eskatuz. Giza aurpegi jartzen die, urrunetik, euren inpaktu globalean, abstraktuak, ideologikoak edo monumentalak diruditen arazoei. Oinarrian gertatzen dena, boterearen korridoreetatik urrun, herritar arrunt orori gertatzen zaie.
And I understood that documentary photography has the ability to interpret events from their point of view. It gives a voice to those who otherwise would not have a voice. And as a reaction, it stimulates public opinion and gives impetus to public debate, thereby preventing the interested parties from totally controlling the agenda, much as they would like to. Coming of age in those days made real the concept that the free flow of information is absolutely vital for a free and dynamic society to function properly. The press is certainly a business, and in order to survive it must be a successful business, but the right balance must be found between marketing considerations and journalistic responsibility.
Eta ulertu nuen argazkilaritza dokumentalak gertakizunak euren ikuspegitik interpretatzeko gaitasuna duela. Hitza ematen die bestela hitzik edukiko ez luketen horiei. Eta, ondorioz, iritzi publikoa suspertzen du eta jendarteko eztabaidari bultzada ematen dio, horrela, interesdunek agenda guztiz kontrola dezaten eragotziz, haiek horixe lortzea nahiko luketen arren. Garai hoietan heltzeak egiazko egin zuen gizarte aske eta dinamiko batek behar bezala funtzionatzeko informazio askearen jarioa guztiz beharrrezkoa duenaren kontzeptua. Prentsa, zalantzarik gabe, negozio bat da, eta bizirauteko negozio arrakastatsua izan beharra dauka, baina oreka egokia aurkitu behar da marketin kontuen eta kazetaritza-erantzukizunen artean.
Society's problems can't be solved until they're identified. On a higher plane, the press is a service industry, and the service it provides is awareness. Every story does not have to sell something. There's also a time to give. That was a tradition I wanted to follow. Seeing the war created such incredibly high stakes for everyone involved and that visual journalism could actually become a factor in conflict resolution -- I wanted to be a photographer in order to be a war photographer. But I was driven by an inherent sense that a picture that revealed the true face of war would almost by definition be an anti-war photograph.
Gizartearen arazoak ezin daitezke konpondu identifikatuak izan diren arte. Maila gorenago batean, prentsa zerbitzu industria bat da, eta eskaintzen duen zerbitzua kontzientziazioa da. Istorio guztiek ez dute zertan zerbait saldu behar. Emateko garai bat ere badago. Hau da nik jarraitu nahi nuen tradizioa. Gerrak bertan zeudenei eragiten zizkien arrisku izugarriak ikusita eta argazki kazetaritza gatazkak konpontzeko tresna bat izan zitekeela jakinda, argazkilari izan nahi nuen gerra-argazkilari izan ahal izateko. Baina berezkoa nuen sentimendu batek gidatzen ninduen gerraren benetazko aurpegia ezagutzera ematen zuen argazki bat, ia definizioz, gerraren aurkako argazki bat izango zela, alegia.
I'd like to take you on a visual journey through some of the events and issues I've been involved in over the past 25 years. In 1981, I went to Northern Ireland. 10 IRA prisoners were in the process of starving themselves to death in protest against conditions in jail. The reaction on the streets was violent confrontation. I saw that the front lines of contemporary wars are not on isolated battlefields, but right where people live. During the early '80s, I spent a lot of time in Central America, which was engulfed by civil wars that straddled the ideological divide of the Cold War.
Azken 25 urteetan sartua egon naizen gertakizunen eta gatazken zeharreko ikus-bidaia batera eraman nahi zintuzketet. 1981ean, Ipar Irlandara joan nintzen. IRAko hamar preso, kartzela baldintzen aurkako gose-greba baten ondorioz hiltzear zeuden. Erantzun gisa, kaleetan istilu larriak izan ziren. Ikusi nuen gaur egungo gerrak ez direla urrutiko gudu-zelaietan borrokatzen, jendea bizi den lekuetan baizik. 80ko hamarkadaren hasieran zehar, denbora luzea pasa nuen Erdialdeko Amerikan, zeina Gerra Hotzaren zatiketa ideologikoa lausotzen zuen gerra zibiletan murgilduta zegoen.
In Guatemala, the central government -- controlled by a oligarchy of European decent -- was waging a scorched Earth campaign against an indigenous rebellion, and I saw an image that reflected the history of Latin America: conquest through a combination of the Bible and the sword. An anti-Sandinista guerrilla was mortally wounded as Commander Zero attacked a town in Southern Nicaragua. A destroyed tank belonging to Somoza's national guard was left as a monument in a park in Managua, and was transformed by the energy and spirit of a child. At the same time, a civil war was taking place in El Salvador, and again, the civilian population was caught up in the conflict.
Guatemalan, gobernu zentralak --europarren ondorengo zen oligarkia baten menpe zegoena-- lur kiskaliaren taktika hasia zuen matxinada indigena baten aurka, eta Latinoamerikaren historia islatzen zuen irudi bat ikusi nuen: Bibliaren eta ezpataren konbinazioaren bitartezko konkista. Sandinisten aurkako gerrillari bat larriki zauritua izan zen Zero Komandantea Nikaragua hegoaldeko herri bat erasotzen ari zela. Somozaren Guardia Nazionalaren tanke suntsitu bat monumentu gisa utzi zuten Managuako parke batean, eta ume baten energiak eta izpirituak transformatu egin zuen. Aldi berean, gerra zibila zegoen El Salvadorren, eta, berriro, populazio zibilak gatazkaren erdian aurkitu zuen bere burua.
I've been covering the Palestinian-Israeli conflict since 1981. This is a moment from the beginning of the second intifada, in 2000, when it was still stones and Molotovs against an army. In 2001, the uprising escalated into an armed conflict, and one of the major incidents was the destruction of the Palestinian refugee camp in the West Bank town of Jenin. Without the political will to find common ground, the continual friction of tactic and counter-tactic only creates suspicion and hatred and vengeance, and perpetuates the cycle of violence.
Palestinarren eta israeldarren arteko gatazkari buruz berri eman dut 1981etik. Hau bigarren intifadaren hasierako une bat da, 2000n, noiz harriak eta molotovak zeuden oraindik armada baten kontra. 2001ean, altxamendua borroka armatu bihurtu zen, eta gertakari larrienetariko bat errefuxiatu palestinarren kanpalekuaren suntsipena izan zen, Zisjordaniako Jenin herrian. Oinarrizko adostasun bat lortzeko borondate politikorik gabe, taktikaren eta kontrataktikaren tirabira etengabeak susmo txarra, gorrotoa eta mendekua dakartza soilik, eta indarkeriaren zikloa betikotzen du.
In the '90s, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia fractured along ethnic fault lines, and civil war broke out between Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia. This is a scene of house-to-house fighting in Mostar, neighbor against neighbor. A bedroom, the place where people share intimacy, where life itself is conceived, became a battlefield. A mosque in northern Bosnia was destroyed by Serbian artillery and was used as a makeshift morgue. Dead Serbian soldiers were collected after a battle and used as barter for the return of prisoners or Bosnian soldiers killed in action. This was once a park. The Bosnian soldier who guided me told me that all of his friends were there now.
90eko hamarkadan, Sobietar Batasuna desegin eta gero, Jugoslavia faila-lerro etnikoetan zehar puskatu eta gerra zibila piztu zen Bosnia, Kroazia eta Serbiaren artean. Hau etxez etxeko borrokaren une bat da, Mostarren, auzotarrak auzotarren aurka. Logela bat, jendeak une intimoak igarotzen dituen tokia, non bizitza bera sortzen den, gudu-zelai bihurtu zen. Serbiar artilleriak Bosnia iparraldeko mezkita bat suntsitu zuen eta gorputegi inprobisatu bezala erabili zuten. Hildako serbiar soldaduak jaso zituzten bataila baten ondoren eta truke gisa erabili zituzten bosniar presoen edo gudan hildako bosniar soldaduen truke. Hau parke bat izan zen behin. Gidatzen ninduen soldadu bosniarrak esan zidan bere lagun guztiak bertan zeudela orain.
At the same time in South Africa, after Nelson Mandela had been released from prison, the black population commenced the final phase of liberation from apartheid. One of the things I had to learn as a journalist was what to do with my anger. I had to use it, channel its energy, turn it into something that would clarify my vision, instead of clouding it. In Transkei, I witnessed a rite of passage into manhood, of the Xhosa tribe. Teenage boys lived in isolation, their bodies covered with white clay. After several weeks, they washed off the white and took on the full responsibilities of men. It was a very old ritual that seemed symbolic of the political struggle that was changing the face of South Africa.
Aldi berean, Hegoafrikan, Nelson Mandela espetxetik atera eta gero, biztanleria beltzak apartheid-etik askatzeko azken fasea hasi zuen. Kazetari bezala ikasi behar izan nuen gauzetariko bat nire amorruarekin zer egin izan zen. Erabili beharra nuen, bere energia bideratu, nire ikusmena itsutu beharrean argituko zuen zerbaitean bihurtu. Transkein, Xhosa tribuaren heldutasunerako pasabide-erritu baten lekuko izan nintzen. Gazteak isolaturik bizi ziren, gorputzak buztin zuriz estalita zituztela. Aste batzuk geroago, zuria garbitu eta gizonen erantzukizun guztiak hartu zituzten euren gain. Hegoafrikako aurpegia aldatzen ari zen borroka politikoaren ikur zirudien erritual zaharra zen.
Children in Soweto playing on a trampoline. Elsewhere in Africa there was famine. In Somalia, the central government collapsed and clan warfare broke out. Farmers were driven off their land, and crops and livestock were destroyed or stolen. Starvation was being used as a weapon of mass destruction -- primitive but extremely effective. Hundreds of thousands of people were exterminated, slowly and painfully. The international community responded with massive humanitarian relief, and hundreds of thousands of more lives were saved. American troops were sent to protect the relief shipments, but they were eventually drawn into the conflict, and after the tragic battle in Mogadishu, they were withdrawn. In southern Sudan, another civil war saw similar use of starvation as a means of genocide.
Soweton, umeak tranpolin batean jolasean. Afrikako beste toki batzuetan gosetea zegoen. Somalian, gobernu zentrala kolapsatu eta klanen arteko gerra piztu zen. Nekazariak euren lurretatik bota zituzten eta uztak eta abereak suntsituak edo lapurtuak izan ziren. Gosetea suntsipen handiko arma gisa erabili zen, primitiboa baina izugarri eraginkorra. Ehundaka mila pertsona sarraskituak izan ziren, astiro eta era oso mingarrian. Nazioarteko komunitateak laguntza humanitario zabala eskainiz erantzun zuen, eta beste ehundaka mila pertsonaren biziak salbatu zituen. Amerikar tropak bidali zituzten kargamenduak babesteko, baina liskarrean nahastuak bukatu zuten, eta Muqdishoko bataila zoritxarrekoaren ondoren, erretiratu egin zituzten. Hego Sudanen, beste gerra zibil batean, gosetea berriro ere erabili zen genozidio tresna gisa.
Again, international NGOs, united under the umbrella of the U.N., staged a massive relief operation and thousands of lives were saved. I'm a witness, and I want my testimony to be honest and uncensored. I also want it to be powerful and eloquent, and to do as much justice as possible to the experience of the people I'm photographing. This man was in an NGO feeding center, being helped as much as he could be helped. He literally had nothing. He was a virtual skeleton, yet he could still summon the courage and the will to move. He had not given up, and if he didn't give up, how could anyone in the outside world ever dream of losing hope? In 1994, after three months of covering the South African election, I saw the inauguration of Nelson Mandela, and it was the most uplifting thing I've ever seen. It exemplified the best that humanity has to offer. The next day I left for Rwanda, and it was like taking the express elevator to hell.
Beste behin, nazioarteko GKEak, NBEren babespean elkarturik, itzelezko laguntza operazio bat burutu zuten eta milaka bizitza salbatu zituzten. Lekuko bat naiz, eta nire testigantza zintzoa eta zentsura gabea izatea nahi dut. Sendo eta elokuente ere izan nahi dut, eta ahalik eta ongien islatzea argazkia ateratzen ari natzaien pertsonek jasandakoa. Gizon hau GKE baten elikadura zentroan zegoen, eman ahal zioten beste laguntza jasotzen. Ez zeukan ezer, literalki. Eskeleto bat zen kasik, baina oraindik gai zen mugitzeko behar zituen kuraia eta borondatea biltzeko. Ez zegoen etsita, eta berak ez bazuen etsi, nola pentsa zezakeen beste edonork itxaropena galtzea? 1994an, Hegoafrikako hauteskundeei buruz hiru hilabetez berri eman eta gero, Nelson Mandelaren inbestidura-ekitaldia ikusi nuen, eta sekula ikusi nuen gauzarik bizigarriena izan zen. Gizateriak eskaintzeko duen onenaren adibide zen. Hurrengo egunean Ruandarantz abiatu nintzen, eta infernuranzko igogailu azkarra hartzea bezala izan zen.
This man had just been liberated from a Hutu death camp. He allowed me to photograph him for quite a long time, and he even turned his face toward the light, as if he wanted me to see him better. I think he knew what the scars on his face would say to the rest of the world. This time, maybe confused or discouraged by the military disaster in Somalia, the international community remained silent, and somewhere around 800,000 people were slaughtered by their own countrymen -- sometimes their own neighbors -- using farm implements as weapons.
Gizon hau hutuen heriotza kanpaleku batetik askatu berria zen. denbora luzez utzi zidan berari argaziak ateratzen, eta bere aurpegia argirantz bueltatu ere egin zuen, nik hobeto ikustea nahiko balu bezala. Uste dut bazekiela bere aurpegiko orbainek zer esango zioten munduari. Honako honetan, agian Somaliako hondamendi militarragatik nahasturik edo uzkurturik, nazioarteko komunitateak ez zuen ezer egin, eta 800.000 pertsona inguru sarraskitu egin zituzten beraien aberkideek eurek --batzuetan euren auzokideak-- laborantza tresnak arma bezala erabilita.
Perhaps because a lesson had been learned by the weak response to the war in Bosnia and the failure in Rwanda, when Serbia attacked Kosovo, international action was taken much more decisively. NATO forces went in, and the Serbian army withdrew. Ethnic Albanians had been murdered, their farms destroyed and a huge number of people forcibly deported. They were received in refugee camps set up by NGOs in Albania and Macedonia. The imprint of a man who had been burned inside his own home. The image reminded me of a cave painting, and echoed how primitive we still are in so many ways.
agian zerbait ikasi zutelako Bosniako gerrari emandako erantzun ahulaz eta Ruandako porrotaz, Serbiak Kosovo erasotu zuenean, nazioarteko erantzuna askoz ere tinkoagoa izan zen. NATOren indarrak erasoan sartu, eta serbiar armada erretiratu egin zen. Etnia albaniarreko pertsonak erail egin zituzten, euren landetxeak suntsitu eta pertsona kopuru ikaragarri bat erbesteratua izan zen. GKEek Albanian eta Mazedonian egokitutako errefuxiatu kanpalekuetan hartu zituzten. Bere etxe barruan bertan erre zuten gizon baten aztarna. Irudiak haitzuloetako margo bat gogorarazi zidan, eta oraindik jokabide askotan zein primitiboak garen islatu zuen.
Between 1995 and '96, I covered the first two wars in Chechnya from inside Grozny. This is a Chechen rebel on the front line against the Russian army. The Russians bombarded Grozny constantly for weeks, killing mainly the civilians who were still trapped inside. I found a boy from the local orphanage wandering around the front line. My work has evolved from being concerned mainly with war to a focus on critical social issues as well. After the fall of Ceausescu, I went to Romania and discovered a kind of gulag of children, where thousands of orphans were being kept in medieval conditions. Ceausescu had imposed a quota on the number of children to be produced by each family, thereby making women's bodies an instrument of state economic policy. Children who couldn't be supported by their families were raised in government orphanages. Children with birth defects were labeled incurables, and confined for life to inhuman conditions.
1995 eta 1996 artean, Txetxeniako lehen bi gerrei buruz berri eman nuen Grozny barnetik. Hau txetxeniar errebelde bat da, errusiar armadaren kontrako fronte lerroan. Errusiarrek asteetan zehar etengabe bonbardatu zuten Grozny, batez ere, oraindik bertan harrapatuta zeuden zibilak erailez. Bertako umezurztegi bateko haur bat aurkitu nuen fronte lerroan noraezean zebilela. Nire lana ia guztiz gerrei buruzkoa izatetik gizarte arazo larrietan ere arreta jartzera pasa da. Ceaucescuren erorialdiaren ondoren, Errumaniara joan nintzen eta umeentzako gulag baten antzeko bat aurkitu nuen, non milaka umezurtz Erdi Aroko baldintzetan mantentzen zituzten. Ceausescuk kuota bat inposatu zuen familia bakoitzak produzitu beharreko ume kopuruari buruzkoa, horrela, emakumeen gorputzak estatuaren politika ekonomikoaren tresna bihurtuz. Familiek mantendu ezin zituzten umeak gobernuaren umezurztegietan hazten ziren. Sortzetiko malformazioak zituzten umeak sendaezintzat jotzen zituzten, eta biziarteko konfinamendua jasaten zuten baldintza krudeletan.
As reports began to surface, again international aid went in. Going deeper into the legacy of the Eastern European regimes, I worked for several months on a story about the effects of industrial pollution, where there had been no regard for the environment or the health of either workers or the general population. An aluminum factory in Czechoslovakia was filled with carcinogenic smoke and dust, and four out of five workers came down with cancer.
Salaketak agertu ahala, berriro, nazioarteko laguntza heldu zen. Ekialdeko Europako erregimenen ondarean sakonago barneratuz, zenbait hilabeteetan zehar, kutsadura industrialaren ondorioei buruzko istorio batean egin nuen lan, ingurugiroarekiko, langileekiko edo biztanleria orokorraren osasunarekiko begirunerik eduki ez zuten lekuetan. Czechoslovakiako aluminio fabrika bat ke eta hauts kartzinogenoz beterik zegoen, eta bostetik lau langile minbiziak jota zeuden.
After the fall of Suharto in Indonesia, I began to explore conditions of poverty in a country that was on its way towards modernization. I spent a good deal of time with a man who lived with his family on a railway embankment and had lost an arm and a leg in a train accident. When the story was published, unsolicited donations poured in. A trust fund was established, and the family now lives in a house in the countryside and all their basic necessities are taken care of. It was a story that wasn't trying to sell anything. Journalism had provided a channel for people's natural sense of generosity, and the readers responded. I met a band of homeless children who'd come to Jakarta from the countryside, and ended up living in a train station. By the age of 12 or 14, they'd become beggars and drug addicts. The rural poor had become the urban poor, and in the process, they'd become invisible.
Indonesian, Suhartoren erorialdiaren ondoren, pobrezia baldintzak aztertzen hasi nintzen modernizazio bidean zegoen herrialde batean. Denbora dezente eman nuen gizon batekin zein bere familiarekin bizi zen trenbidearen lubeta batean eta zeinak beso bat eta zango bat galdu zituen tren istripu batean. Istorioa argitaratu zenean, eskatu gabeko donazioak heldu ziren barra-barra. Fundazio bat sortu zen, eta orain familia landetxe batean bizi da eta euren oinarrizko beharrak asetuak daude. Istorioak ez zuen ezer saldu nahi. Kazetaritzak bide bat eman zion jendearen berezko eskuzabaltasun senari, eta irakurleek erantzun egin zuten. Landatik Jakartara etorri eta tren geltoki batean bizitzen bukatu zuten etxerik gabeko ume talde batekin topo egin nuen. 12 edo 14 urte zituztenerako, eskaleak ziren eta drogen menpe zeuden. Landetako behartsuak hirietako behartsu bilakatu ziren, eta prozesu horretan, ikustezin bilakatu ziren.
These heroin addicts in detox in Pakistan reminded me of figures in a play by Beckett: isolated, waiting in the dark, but drawn to the light. Agent Orange was a defoliant used during the Vietnam War to deny cover to the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese army. The active ingredient was dioxin, an extremely toxic chemical that was sprayed in vast quantities, and whose effects passed through the genes to the next generation. In 2000, I began documenting global health issues, concentrating first on AIDS in Africa. I tried to tell the story through the work of caregivers. I thought it was important to emphasize that people were being helped, whether by international NGOs or by local grassroots organizations.
Pakistanen, desintoxikatzen zeuden heroinomano hauek Becketten antzezlan bateko pertsonaiak gogorarazi zizkidaten: isolaturik, iluntasunean itxaroten, baina argiak erakarrita. Agente laranja Vietnameko gerran Vietcong eta Hego Vietnamgo armadei babesa eragozteko erabili zen defoliante bat izan zen. Osagai aktiboa dioxina zen, erabat toxikoa den gai kimikoa, zeina kopuru handitan isuria izan zen, eta zeinaren ondorioak geneen bitartez hurrengo belaunaldietara igaro diren. 2000an, mundu mailako osasun arazoak dokumentatzen hasi nintzen, Afrikako HIESetik hasita. Istorioa laguntza-emaileek egiten duten lanaren bitartez kontatzen saiatu nintzen. Pentsatu nuen garrantzitsua zela nabarmentzea jendea laguntza jasotzen ari zela, nazioarteko GKEen ala bertako gizarte erakundeen bitartez.
So many children have been orphaned by the epidemic that grandmothers have taken the place of parents, and a lot of children had been born with HIV. A hospital in Zambia. I began documenting the close connection between HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. This is an MSF hospital in Cambodia. My pictures can play a supporting role to the work of NGOs by shedding light on the critical social problems they're trying to deal with. I went to Congo with MSF, and contributed to a book and an exhibition that focused attention on a forgotten war in which millions of people have died, and exposure to disease without treatment is used as a weapon. A malnourished child being measured as part of the supplemental feeding program.
Izurriteak hainbeste ume utzi zituen umezurtz, amonek hartua zutela gurasoen tokia, eta ume asko GIBarekin jaiotakoak ziren. Eritetxe bat Zambian. GIB/HIESAren eta tuberkulosiaren arteko lotura estua hasi nintzen dokumentatzen. Hau MSFren erietetxe bat da, Kanbodian. Nire argazkiek GKEen lana lagundu dezakete eskuartean dituzten gizarte arazo larriak argitara emanez. Kongora joan nintzen MSFrekin, eta liburu eta erakusketa batean parte hartu nuen zeintzuk ahastutako gerra batean jartzen zuten arreta non miloika pertsona hil diren, eta tratamendurik gabeko gaixotasuna arma bezela erabitzen den. Malnutrizioak jota dagoen haur bat pisatzen dute elikatze programa osagarri baten parte bezala.
In the fall of 2004 I went to Darfur. This time I was on assignment for a magazine, but again worked closely with MSF. The international community still hasn't found a way to create the pressure necessary to stop this genocide. An MSF hospital in a camp for displaced people. I've been working on a long project on crime and punishment in America. This is a scene from New Orleans. A prisoner on a chain gang in Alabama was punished by being handcuffed to a post in the midday sun. This experience raised a lot of questions, among them questions about race and equality and for whom in our country opportunities and options are available. In the yard of a chain gang in Alabama.
2004ko udazkenean, Darfurera joan nintzen. Oraingoan, aldizkari batentzako ari nintzen lanean, baina berriro gertutik lan egin nuen MSFrekin. Nazioarteko komunitateak ez du oraindik modurik aurkitu, beharrezko presioa sortuz, genozidio honi bukaera emateko. MSFren erietetxe bat pertsona desplazatuen kanpaleku batean. Krimena eta zigorra Estatu Batuetan gaitzat duen proiektu zabal batean aritu naiz lanean. Hau New Orleanseko irudi bat da. Alabaman, preso-kate bateko kide bat zigortzen dute zutoin batera lotuz eguerdiko eguzkipean. Esperientzia honek galdera asko ekarri zituen, hauen artean, arrazari eta berdintasunari buruzkoak eta norentzako dauden gure herrian abaguneak eta aukerak eskuragai. Alabamako preso-kate bateko patioan.
I didn't see either of the planes hit, and when I glanced out my window, I saw the first tower burning, and I thought it might have been an accident. A few minutes later when I looked again and saw the second tower burning, I knew we were at war. In the midst of the wreckage at Ground Zero, I had a realization. I'd been photographing in the Islamic world since 1981 -- not only in the Middle East, but also in Africa, Asia and Europe. At the time I was photographing in these different places, I thought I was covering separate stories, but on 9/11 history crystallized, and I understood I'd actually been covering a single story for more than 20 years, and the attack on New York was its latest manifestation.
Ez nuen hegazkinen talka ikusi, eta nire leihotik begiratzean, lehenengo dorrea ikusi nuen sutan, eta pentsatu nuen agian istripu bat izan zela. Minutu batzuk geroago, berriro begiratu eta bigarren dorrea sutan ikustean, gerran geundela jakin nuen. Zero Eremuko hondakinen artean, gauza batez jabetu nintzen. 1981etik argazkiak ateratzen egona nintzen mundu islamiarrean --ez bakarrik Ekialde Hurbilean, baita Afrikan, Asian eta Europan ere--. Toki desberdin hauetan argazkiak ateratzen nenbilela, istorio ezberdinak zirela uste nuen, baina 9/11ean historia kristalizatu egin zen, eta ulertu nuen, egiatan, istoria bakar bati buruz berri ematen ibili nintzela 20 urte baino gehiagotan, New Yorkeko erasoa honen azken adierazpena zelarik.
The central commercial district of Kabul, Afghanistan at the end of the civil war, shortly before the city fell to the Taliban. Land mine victims being helped at the Red Cross rehab center being run by Alberto Cairo. A boy who lost a leg to a leftover mine. I'd witnessed immense suffering in the Islamic world from political oppression, civil war, foreign invasions, poverty, famine. I understood that in its suffering, the Islamic world had been crying out. Why weren't we listening? A Taliban fighter shot during a battle as the Northern Alliance entered the city of Kunduz. When war with Iraq was imminent, I realized the American troops would be very well covered, so I decided to cover the invasion from inside Baghdad. A marketplace was hit by a mortar shell that killed several members of a single family. A day after American forces entered Baghdad, a company of Marines began rounding up bank robbers and were cheered on by the crowds -- a hopeful moment that was short lived.
Kabul erdiko barruti komertziala, Afganistanen, gerra zibilaren bukaeran, hiria Talibanen eskuetan erori baino pixka bat lehenago. Lurreko minen biktimek laguntza jasotzen dute Alberto Cairok zuzendutako Gurutze Gorriaren errehabilitazio zentro batean. Mina bategatik zangoa galdu zuen haur bat. Sekulako sufrimenduaren lekuko izan nintzen islamiar munduan zapalkuntza politiko, gerra zibil, atzerriko inbasio, txirotasun eta goseteen ondorioz. Ulertu nuen bere sufrimenduan mundu islamiarra garrasika egona zela. Zergatik ez genuen jaramonik egin? Taliban gudulari bat batailan tirokatua Iparreko Aliantza Kunduz hirira sartzen zegoela. Irakeko gerra hastear zegoela, konturatu nintzen tropa estatubatuarrei buruz nahikoa berri egongo zela, horregatik, inbasioa Bagdad barnetik jarraitzaea erabaki nuen. Mortero obus batek azoka bat jo eta familia bereko hainbat kide hil zituen. Tropa estatubatuarrak Bagdaden sartu eta egun bat geroago, marine konpainia bat banku-lapurrak atxilotzen hasi zen eta jendetzaren txaloak jaso zituen --itxaropentsua izan zen momentu laburra--.
For the first time in years, Shi'ites were allowed to make the pilgrimage to Karbala to observe Ashura, and I was amazed by the sheer number of people and how fervently they practiced their religion. A group of men march through the streets cutting themselves with knives. It was obvious that the Shi'ites were a force to be reckoned with, and we would do well to understand them and learn how to deal with them. Last year I spent several months documenting our wounded troops, from the battlefield in Iraq all the way home.
Urteetan lehenengo lehenengoz, xiiek baimena izan zuten Ashura ospatzeko Karbalara erromesaldia egiteko, eta txundituta utzi ninduen bildutako jendetzak eta beren erlijioaren jarraipen sutsuak. Gizon talde bat kaleetan zehar doa beren buruei aiztoekin ebakiak eginez. Nabaria zen Xiiak kontuan hartu beharreko indar bat zirela, eta onuragarri izango zitzaigula haiek ulertzea eta beraiekin zelan tratatu ikastea. Joan den urtean hilabete batzuk igaro nituen gure zauritutako tropak jarraitzen, Irakeko gudu-zelaitik etxeraino.
This is a helicopter medic giving CPR to a soldier who had been shot in the head. Military medicine has become so efficient that the percentage of troops who survive after being wounded is much higher in this war than in any other war in our history. The signature weapon of the war is the IED, and the signature wound is severe leg damage. After enduring extreme pain and trauma, the wounded face a grueling physical and psychological struggle in rehab. The spirit they displayed was absolutely remarkable. I tried to imagine myself in their place, and I was totally humbled by their courage and determination in the face of such catastrophic loss. Good people had been put in a very bad situation for questionable results. One day in rehab someone, started talking about surfing and all these guys who'd never surfed before said, "Hey, let's go." And they went surfing.
Helikoptero bateko sendagilea erreanimazio teknikak egiten buruan tiro bat jasotako soldadu bati. Medikuntza militarra hain eraginkorra bihurtu da, non zaurituak izan eta gero bizirik ateratzen diren tropen ehunekoa askoz handiagoa den gerra honetan gure historiako beste edozein gerratan baino. Gerrako sinadura arma “inprobisatutako gailu lehergarria” da, eta bere zauria zangoetako kalte larriak. Sekulako mina eta trauma pairatu eta gero, zaurituek borroka fisiko eta psikologiko neketsu bati egin behar diote aurre errehabilitazioan. Erakutsi zuten adorea guztiz apartekoa zen. Nire burua euren tokian jartzen saiatu nintzen, eta erabat apalduta utzi ninduten zeukaten kuraiak eta tinkotasunak horrelako galera katastrofikoa jasan eta gero. Jende zintzoa oso egoera txarrean jarria izan zen emaitza zalantzagarri batzuk lortzearren. Behin, errehabilitazioan, norbait surf egiteari buruz mintzatu zen eta sekula surfeatu ez zuten mutil hauek guzteik esan zuten, "Aizak, goazemak". Eta surfeatzera joan ziren.
Photographers go to the extreme edges of human experience to show people what's going on. Sometimes they put their lives on the line, because they believe your opinions and your influence matter. They aim their pictures at your best instincts, generosity, a sense of right and wrong, the ability and the willingness to identify with others, the refusal to accept the unacceptable. My TED wish: there's a vital story that needs to be told, and I wish for TED to help me gain access to it and then to help me come up with innovative and exciting ways to use news photography in the digital era. Thank you very much.
Argazkilariak giza bizipenen azken muturreraino joaten dira jendeari gertatzen ari dena erakusteko. Batzuetan euren biziak arriskuan jartzen dituzte, zuen iritziek eta indarrak merezi dutela uste dutelako. Argazkiak zuen sen onenetara bideratzen dituzte: eskuzabaltasuna, onaren eta txarraren arteko sentimendua, besteekin identifikatzeko gaitasuna eta desioa, onartezina dena onartzearen ukapena. Nire TED nahia: kontatu beharreko bizi-istorio bat dago, eta TEDek bertan barneratzen lagun nazan nahiko nuke, eta baita modu berritzaileak eta zirraragarriak sortzen laguntzea prentsa argazkilaritza garai digitalean erabiltzeko. Mila esker.
(Applause)
(Txaloak)