I hope you'll understand my English. In the mornings it is terrible, and the afternoon is worst. (Laughter) During many years, I made some speeches starting with this saying: "City is not a problem, it's a solution." And more and more, I'm convinced that it's not only a solution for a country, but it's a solution for the problem of climate change.
Nadam se da ćete razumeti moj engleski. Ujutru je očajan, a popodne je još gori. (Smeh) U togu mnogih godina, održao sam nekoliko govora počevši sa ovom izrekom: "Grad nije problem, on je rešenje." I sve više i više sam ubeđen da nije samo rešenje za zemlju, nego i rešenje za problem klimatskih promena.
But we have a very pessimistic approach about the cities. I'm working in cities for almost 40 years, and where every mayor is trying to tell me his city is so big, or the other mayors say, "We don't have financial resources," I would like to say from the experience I had: every city in the world can be improved in less than three years. There's no matter of scale. It's not a question of scale, it's not a question of financial resources. Every problem in a city has to have its own equation of co-responsibility and also a design.
Ali mi imamo vrlo pesimističan pristup gradovima. Ja radim u gradovima skoro 40 godina, gde svaki gradonačelnik pokušava da mi kaže da je njegov grad tako veliki ili drugi gradonačelnici kažu: "Mi nemamo novčana sredstva." Hteo bih da kažem iz iskustva koje sam imao: svaki grad na svetu može biti unapređen za manje od tri godine. Nije bitna razmera. Nije pitanje razmere, nije pitanje novčanih sredstava. Svaki problem u gradu treba da ima svoju jednačinu podeljene odgovornosti i takođe dizajn.
So to start, I want to introduce some characters from a book I made for teenagers. The best example of quality of life is the turtle because the turtle is an example of living and working together. And when you realize that the casque of the turtle looks like an urban tessitura, and can we imagine, if we cut the casque of the turtle, how sad she's going to be? And that's what we're doing in our cities: living here, working here, having leisure here. And most of the people are leaving the city and living outside of the city.
Za početak, hteo bih da uvedem neke likove iz knjige koju sam napravio za tinejdžere. Najbolji primer kvaliteta života je kornjača jer je kornjača primer življenja i rada zajedno. Kada shvatite da oklop kornjače izgleda kao urbana tekstura, možemo li da zamislimo, ako isečemo kornjačin oklop koliko će ona biti tužna? A to je ono što radimo u našim gradovima: živimo ovde, radimo ovde, odmaramo ovde. I većina ljudi napušta grad i živi izvan grada.
So, the other character is Otto, the automobile. He is invited for a party -- he never wants to leave. The chairs are on the tables and still drinking, and he drinks a lot. (Laughter) And he coughs a lot. Very egotistical: he carries only one or two people and he asks always for more infrastructure. Freeways. He's a very demanding person. And on the other hand, Accordion, the friendly bus, he carries 300 people -- 275 in Sweden; 300 Brazilians. (Laughter)
Drugi lik je Oto, automobil. On je pozvan na žurku - i ne želi uopšte da ode. Stolice su na stolovima, a on još pije i pije mnogo. (Smeh) I kašlje mnogo. Vrlo egoistično: on vozi samo jednu ili dve osobe i stalno traži više infrastrukture. Autoputeve. Vrlo je zahtevna osoba. I s druge strane, Harmonika, druželjubivi autobus, prevozi 300 ljudi - 275 u Švedskoj; 300 Brazilaca. (Smeh)
Speaking about the design: every city has its own design. Curitiba, my city: three million in the metropolitan area, 1,800,000 people in the city itself. Curitiba, Rio: it's like two birds kissing themselves. Oaxaca, San Francisco -- it's very easy: Market Street, Van Ness and the waterfront. And every city has its own design. But to make it happen, sometimes you have to propose a scenario and to propose a design -- an idea that everyone, or the large majority, will help you to make it happen. And that's the structure of the city of Curitiba.
Kad govorimo o dizajnu: svaki grad ima svoj sopstveni dizajn. Kuritiba, moj grad: tri miliona u široj gradskoj zoni, milion i osamsto hiljada ljudi u samom gradu. Kuritiba, Rio: kao dve ptice koje se ljube. Oašaka, San Francisko - vrlo je lako: Market strit, Van Nes i dokovi. Svaki grad ima svoj dizajn. Ali da biste to uradili, ponekad morate da predložite scenario i da predložite dizajn - ideju da će svi ili većina da vam pomogne da se to desi. Ovo je struktura grada Kuritibe.
And it's an example of living and working together. And this is where we have more density; it's where we have more public transport. So, this system started in '74. We started with 25,000 passengers a day, now it's 2,200,000 passengers a day. And it took 25 years until another city ... which is Bogota, and they did a very good job. And now there's 83 cities all over the world that they are doing what they call the BRT of Curitiba. And one thing: it's important not for only your own city; every city, besides its normal problems, they have a very important role in being with the whole humanity. That means mostly two main issues -- mobility and sustainability -- are becoming very important for the cities.
To je primer življenja i rada zajedno. Ovde imamo veću gustinu; tu imamo više javnog prevoza. Ovaj sistem je krenuo '74. Počeli smo sa 25.000 putnika dnevno, sada je 2.200.000 putnika dnevno. I trebalo je 25 godina dok drugi grad... a to je Bogota i oni su uradili vrlo dobar posao. I sada ima 83 grada širom sveta koji rade ono što zovu BRT (autobuski sistem) Kuritibe. I jedna stvar: važno je ne samo za vaš sopstveni grad; svaki grad pored svojih normalnih problema, ima vrlo važnu ulogu u postojanju sa celim čovečanstvom. To znači da uglavnom dva glavna pitanja - pokretljivost i održivost - postaju vrlo važni za gradove.
And this is an articulated bus, double-articulated. And we are very close to my house. You can come when you are in Curitiba and have a coffee there. And that's the evolution of the system. What in the design that made the difference is the boarding tubes: the boarding tube gives to the bus the same performance as a subway. That's why, I'm trying to say, it's like metro-nizing the bus. This is the design of the bus, and you can pay before entering the bus you're boarding. And for handicapped, they can use this as a normal system.
Ovo je zglobni autobus, sa dva zgloba. Vrlo smo blizu moje kuće. Možete da dođete kad ste u Kuritibi i popijete kafu tamo. I ovo je evolucija sistema. Ono što se u dizajnu razlikuje su cevi za ukrcavanje: cev za ukrcavanje daje autobusu iste performanse kao što ima metro. Zbog toga pokušavam da kažem da je to nešto kao "metronizovanje" autobusa. Ovo je dizajn autobusa i možete da platite pre ulaska u autobus u koji se ukrcavate. I za hendikepirane, oni mogu da koriste ovo kao običan sistem.
What I'm trying to say is the major contribution on carbon emissions are from the cars -- more than 50 percent -- so when we depend only on cars, it's ... -- that's why when we're talking about sustainability, it's not enough, green buildings. It's not enough, a new materials. It's not enough, new sources of energy. It's the concept of the city, the design of the city, that's also important, too. And also, how to teach the children. I'll speak on this later on.
Ono što pokušavam da kažem je da najveću zaslugu u ispuštanju ugljenika imaju automobili - više od 50 posto - tako da ako zavisimo samo od automobila... - zbog toga, kad govorimo o održivosti, nisu dovoljne ekološke zgrade. Nisu dovoljni novi materijali. Nisu dovoljni novi izvori energije. Već koncept grada, dizajn grada, to je takođe važno. I takođe, kako da naučimo decu. Govoriću o ovome kasnije.
Our idea of mobility is trying to make the connections between all the systems. We started in '83, proposing for the city of Rio how to connect the subway with the bus. The subway was against, of course. And 23 years after, they called us to develop -- we're developing this idea. And you can understand how different it's going to be, the image of Rio with the system -- one-minute frequency. And it's not Shanghai, it's not being colored during the day, only at night it will look this way.
Naša ideja pokretljivosti je pokušaj da se naprave veze između svih sistema. Počeli smo '83., predlažući za grad Rio kako da poveže metro sa autobusima. Metro je bio protiv, naravno. I posle 23 godine, pozvali su nas da razvijemo - razvijamo ovu ideju. I možete da razumete koliko različita će biti slika Ria sa sistemom - učestalost od jednog minuta. I to nije Šangaj, nije obojeno u toku dana, samo noću izgledaće ovako.
And before you say it's a Norman Foster design, we designed this in '83. And this is the model, how it's going to work. So, it's the same system; the vehicle is different. And that's the model. What I'm trying to say is, I'm not trying to prove which system of transport is better. I'm trying to say we have to combine all the systems, and with one condition: never -- if you have a subway, if you have surface systems, if you have any kind of system -- never compete in the same space.
I pre nego što kažete da je to dizajn Normana Fostera, mi smo dizajnirali ovo '83. Ovo je model kako će raditi. Isti je sistem; vozilo je drugačije. I to je model. Ono što pokušavam da kažem je da ne pokušavam da dokažem koji je sistem prevoza bolji. Pokušavam da kažem da moramo da kombinujemo sve sisteme, sa jednim uslovom: nikad - ako imate metro, ako imate sisteme na površini, ako imate bilo kakav sistem - nikad se ne takmičite u istom prostoru.
And coming back to the car, I always used to say that the car is like your mother-in-law: you have to have good relationship with her, but she cannot command your life. So, when the only woman in your life is your mother-in-law, you have a problem. (Laughter) So, all the ideas about how to transform through design -- old quarries and open universities and botanic garden -- all of it's related to how we teach the children. And the children, we teach during six months how to separate their garbage. And after, the children teach their parents. And now we have 70 percent -- since 20 years, it's the highest rate of separation of garbage in the world. Seven zero. (Applause) So teach the children.
I da se vratimo na automobil, uvek sam govorio da je auto kao vaša tašta: morate da imate dobar odnos sa njom, ali ona ne može da komanduje vašim životom. Kada je jedina žena u vašem životu tašta, onda imate problem. (Smeh) Sve ideje o tome kako transformisati kroz dizajn - stare kamenolome i otvorene univerzitete i botaničke bašte - sve to je povezano sa tim kako učimo decu. Decu učimo tokom šest meseci kako da odvajaju svoje đubre. I posle, deca uče svoje roditelje. I sada imamo 70 procenata - za 20 godina, to je najveća stopa rasta odvajanja đubreta u svetu. Sedam, nula. (Aplauz) Znači, učite decu.
I would like to say, if we want to have a sustainable world we have to work with everything what's said, but don't forget the cities and the children. I'm working in a museum and also a multi-use city, because you cannot have empty places during 18 hours a day. You should have always a structure of living and working together. Try to understand the sectors in the city that could play different roles during the 24 hours.
Hteo bih da kažem da, ako hoćemo da imamo održiv svet moramo da radimo sa svim što je rečeno, ali ne zaboravite gradove i decu. Ja radim u muzeju i takođe višestruko koristim grad jer ne možete imati prazna mesta 18 sati dnevno. Uvek treba da imate zajedničku strukturu življenja i rada. Probajte da zamislite sektore u gradu koji mogu da igraju različite uloge tokom 24 sata.
Another issue is, a city's like our family portrait. We don't rip our family portrait, even if we don't like the nose of our uncle, because this portrait is you. And these are the references that we have in any city. This is the main pedestrian mall; we did it in 72 hours. Yes, you have to be fast. And these are the references from our ethnic contribution. This is the Italian portal, the Ukrainian park, the Polish park, the Japanese square, the German park. All of a sudden, the Soviet Union, they split. And since we have people from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, [unclear], we have to stop the program. (Laughter)
Još jedno pitanje je, grad je kao naš porodični portret. Mi ne cepamo naš porodični portret, čak i ako nam se ne sviđa nos našeg ujaka jer ovaj portret ste vi. Ovo su reference koje imamo u svakom gradu. Ovo je glavni tržni centar u pešačkoj zoni; napravili smo ga za 72 sata. Da, morate biti brzi. Ovo su reference iz našeg etničkog doprinosa. Ovo je italijanski portal, ukrajinski park, poljski park, japanski trg, nemački park. Odjednom, Sovjetski Savez, razdvajaju se. I pošto imamo ljude iz Uzbekistana, Kazahstana, Tadžikistana, [nejasno], moramo da zaustavimo program. (Smeh)
Don't forget: creativity starts when you cut a zero from your budget. If you cut two zeros, it's much better. And this is the Wire Opera theater. We did it in two months. Parks -- old quarries that they were transformed into parks. Quarries once made the nature, and sometimes we took this and we transformed. And every part can be transformed; every frog can be transformed in a prince.
Ne zaboravite: kreativnost počinje kada odbijete nulu sa vašeg budžeta. Ako odbijete dve nule, mnogo je bolje. Ovo je Vajr Opera teatar. Uradili smo je za dva meseca. Parkovi - stari kamenolomi koji su transformisani u parkove. Kamenolomi su nekada činili prirodu i ponekad uzmemo ovo i transformišemo. Svaki deo se može transformisati; svaka žaba može da se transformiše u princa.
So, in a city, you have to work fast. Planning takes time. And I'm proposing urban acupuncture. That means me, with some focal ideas to help the normal process of planning. And this is an acupuncture note -- or I.M. Pei's. Some small ones can make the city better. The smallest park in New York, the most beautiful: 32 meters.
U gradu, morate da radite brzo. Planiranje traje. I ja predlažem urbanu akupunkturu. To znači ja, sa nekim fokusnim idejama za poboljšanje normalnog procesa planiranja. Ovo je akupunkturna tačka - ili I.M Pei. Neke manje mogu da učine grad boljim. Najmanji park u Njujorku, najlepši: 32 metra.
So, I want just to end saying that you can always propose new materials -- new sustainable materials -- but keep in mind that we have to work fast to the end, because we don't have the whole time to plan. And I think creativity, innovation is starting. And we cannot have all the answers. So when you start -- and we cannot be so prepotent on having all the answers -- it's important starting and having the contribution from people, and they could teach you if you're not in the right track.
I želim samo da završim tako što ću reći da možete uvek da predložite nove materijale - nove održive materijale - ali imajte na umu da moramo da radimo brzo do kraja, jer nemamo svo vreme za planiranje. I mislim da kreativnost, inovacija, počinje. I ne možemo imati sve odgovore. Zato kad počnete - i ne možemo biti prepotentni u vezi s tim da imamo sve odgovore - važno je početi i imati doprinos od ljudi i oni bi mogli da vas nauče ako niste na pravom putu.
At the end, I would like if you can help me to sing the sustainable song. OK? Please, allow me just two minutes. You're going to make the music and the rhythm.
Na kraju, voleo bih da mi pomognete da otpevam održivu pesmu. Ok? Molim vas, dozvolite mi samo dva minuta. Vi ćete praviti muziku i ritam.
♫ Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! ♫
♫ Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! ♫
♫ Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! ♫
♫ Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! ♫
♫ It's possible! It's possible! You can do it! You can do it! ♫
♫ Moguće je! Moguće je! Ti to možeš! Ti to možeš! ♫
♫ Use less your car! Make this decision! ♫
♫ Manje koristi automobil! Odluči! ♫
♫ Avoid carbon emission! It's possible! It's possible! ♫
♫ Izbegavaj ispuštanje ugljenika! Moguće je! Moguće je! ♫
♫ You can do it! You can do it! ♫
♫ Ti to možeš! Ti to možeš! ♫
♫ Live closer to work! ♫
♫ Živi bliže poslu! ♫
♫ Work closer to home! Save energy in your home! ♫
♫ Radi bliže kući! Štedi energiju u kući! ♫
♫ It's possible! It's possible! You can do it! ♫
♫ Moguće je! Moguće je! Ti to možeš! Ti to možeš! ♫
♫ You can do it! Separate your garbage! ♫
♫ Ti to možeš! Odvajaj đubre! ♫
♫ Organic, schmorganic! Save more! Waste less! It's possible! ♫
♫ Organsko, šmorgansko! Čuvaj više! Troši manje! Moguće je! ♫
♫ You can do it! Please, do it now! ♫
♫ Ti to možeš! Molim te, uradi to sada! ♫
Thank you. (Applause)
Hvala vam. (Aplauz)