Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough to work with many of the great international architects, documenting their work and observing how their designs have the capacity to influence the cities in which they sit. I think of new cities like Dubai or ancient cities like Rome with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum, or like right here in New York with the High Line, a city which has been so much influenced by the development of this.
Kroz moju karijeru, imao sam sreću da radim sa mnogim sjajnim svetskim arhitektima, dokumentujem njihov rad i posmatram kako njihovi projekti imaju kapacitet da utiču na gradove u kojima se nalaze. Mislim na nove gradove kao što je Dubai, ili na drevne kao što je Rim sa neverovatnim MAXXI muzejom Zahe Hadid, ili kao ovde u Njujorku sa Haj Lajnom, gde je na grad mnogo uticala izgradnja ovog projekta.
But what I find really fascinating is what happens when architects and planners leave and these places become appropriated by people, like here in Chandigarh, India, the city which has been completely designed by the architect Le Corbusier. Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over by people in very different ways from whatever perhaps intended for, like here, where you have the people sitting in the windows of the assembly hall. But over the course of several years, I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's CCTV building in Beijing and the olympic stadium in the same city by the architects Herzog and de Meuron. At these large-scale construction sites in China, you see a sort of makeshift camp where workers live during the entire building process. As the length of the construction takes years, workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition against the sophisticated structures that they're building.
Ali ono što je za mene fascinantno je šta se dešava kada arhitekte i planeri odu i ova mesta zauzmu ljudi, kao ovde u Čandigaru u Indiji, u gradu koji je u potpunosti projektovao arhitekta Le Korbizje. Sada, 60 godina kasnije, grad su preuzeli ljudi na veoma različite načine u odnosu na ono što je, možda bila namera, kao ovde, gde imate ljude koji sede na prozorima zgrade skupštine. Tokom nekoliko godina sam dokumentovao zgradu Rema Kolhasa, CCTV u Pekingu, i olimpijski stadion u istom gradu arhitekata Hercoga i de Merona. Na ovim velikim gradilištima u Kini, vidite neku vrstu improvizovanog kampa gde radnici žive tokom celog procesa gradnje. S obzirom da gradnja traje nekoliko godina, radnici formiraju prilično efikasan neformalan grad, čineći jukstapoziciju naspram sofisticiranih struktura koje grade.
Over the past seven years, I've been following my fascination with the built environment, and for those of you who know me, you would say that this obsession has led me to live out of a suitcase 365 days a year. Being constantly on the move means that sometimes I am able to catch life's most unpredictable moments, like here in New York the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.
Tokom poslednjih sedam godina sledio sam svoju opsednutost izgrađenom sredinom, i oni među vama koji me poznaju, rekli bi da me je ova opsesija dovela do života sa koferom 365 dana u godini. Pošto sam konstantno u pokretu, ponekad sam u prilici da uhvatim veoma nepredvidive trenutke, kao ovde u Njujorku dan nakon što je oluja Sendi pogodila grad.
Just over three years ago, I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela, and while flying over the city, I was just amazed by the extent to which the slums reach into every corner of the city, a place where nearly 70 percent of the population lives in slums, draped literally all over the mountains. During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank, I learned about the Torre David, a 45-story office building which sits right in the center of Caracas. The building was under construction until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy and the death of the developer in the early '90s. About eight years ago, people started moving into the abandoned tower and began to build their homes right in between every column of this unfinished tower. There's only one little entrance to the entire building, and the 3,000 residents come in and out through that single door. Together, the inhabitants created public spaces and designed them to feel more like a home and less like an unfinished tower. In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees. They also made a basketball court. But when you look up closely, you see massive holes where elevators and services would have run through.
Pre tri godine, prvi put sam bio u Karakasu u Venecueli, i dok sam leteo preko grada, zapanjio me je obim u kojem straćare dosežu u svaki ugao grada, mesto gde gotovo 70 posto populacije živi u straćarama koje prekrivaju cele planine. Tokom razgovora sa lokalnim arhitektima, Urban tink tenk, čuo sam za Tore David, 45-spratnu poslovnu zgradu koja se nalazi u samom centru Karakasa. Zgrada je bila pod izgradnjom do kolapsa venecuelanske ekonomije i smrti njenog graditelja u ranim '90-im. Pre otprilike osam godina, ljudi su počeli da se doseljavaju u napušteni toranj, i počeli da grade svoje domove među stubovima ovog nedovršenog tornja. Postoji samo jedan mali ulaz u celu zgradu, i 3000 stanara ulazi i izlazi kroz ova jedna vrata. Zajedno, stanari su stvorili javne prostore i kreirali ih da podsećaju više na dom, a manje na nedovršen toranj. U ulazu su obojili zidove i zasadili drveće. Napravili su i košarkaški teren. Ali kada pažljivo pogledate, vidite velike šupljine kroz koje bi liftovi i servisi trebalo da prolaze.
Within the tower, people have come up with all sorts of solutions in response to the various needs which arise from living in an unfinished tower. With no elevators, the tower is like a 45-story walkup. Designed in very specific ways by this group of people who haven't had any education in architecture or design. And with each inhabitant finding their own unique way of coming by, this tower becomes like a living city, a place which is alive with micro-economies and small businesses. The inventive inhabitants, for instance, find opportunities in the most unexpected cases, like the adjacent parking garage, which has been reclaimed as a taxi route to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps in order to shorten the hike up to the apartments.
Unutar tornja, ljudi su pronašli razna rešenja kao odgovor na razne potrebe koje nastaju u životu u nedovršenom tornju. Bez liftova, toranj je kao 45-spratno stepenište. Projektovan je na veoma specifičan način od strane grupe ljudi koji nisu obrazovani u arhitekturi ili dizajnu. I pošto svaki stanar ima svoj jedinstven način zarađivanja za život, ovaj toranj postaje kao živi grad, mesto koje vrvi od mikro-ekonomija i malih firmi. Inovativni stanari, na primer, vide prilike u najmanje očekivanim slučajevima, kao što je susedna parking garaža, koja je proglašena taksi rutom koja prevozi stanare preko rampi da bi se skratilo pešačenje gore do stanova.
A walk through the tower reveals how residents have figured out how to create walls, how to make an air flow, how to create transparency, circulation throughout the tower, essentially creating a home that's completely adapted to the conditions of the site. When a new inhabitant moves into the tower, they already have a roof over their head, so they just typically mark their space with a few curtains or sheets. Slowly, from found materials, walls rise, and people create a space out of any found objects or materials.
Šetnja kroz toranj otkriva kako su stanari shvatili kako da grade zidove, kako da naprave protok vazduha kako da postignu providnost, cirkulaciju kroz celi toranj, u suštini stvarajući dom koji je potpuno prilagođen uslovima lokacije. Kada se novi stanari dosele u toranj, oni već imaju krov nad glavama, tako da oni obično samo obeleže svoj prostor sa nekoliko zavesa ili plahti. Polako, od materijala koje oni pronađu, zidovi rastu, i ljudi stvaraju prostor od bilo kojih nađenih objekata ili materijala.
It's remarkable to see the design decisions that they're making, like when everything is made out of red bricks, some residents will cover that red brick with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper just to make it a kind of clean finish.
Izvanredno je videti dizajnerske odluke koje oni donose, kao kad je sve napravljeno od crvenih opeka, neki stanari će prekriti tu crvenu opeku slojem tapeta sa uzorkom crvene opeke samo da bi napravili otprilike čist završni sloj.
The inhabitants literally built up these homes with their own hands, and this labor of love instills a great sense of pride in many families living in this tower. They typically make the best out of their conditions, and try to make their spaces look nice and homey, or at least up until as far as they can reach. Throughout the tower, you come across all kinds of services, like the barber, small factories, and every floor has a little grocery store or shop. And you even find a church. And on the 30th floor, there is a gym where all the weights and barbells are made out of the leftover pulleys from the elevators which were never installed. From the outside, behind this always-changing facade, you see how the fixed concrete beams provide a framework for the inhabitants to create their homes in an organic, intuitive way that responds directly to their needs.
Stanari bukvalno grade ove domove svojim rukama, i taj rad s ljubavlju uliva sjajan osećaj ponosa mnogim porodicama u ovom tornju. Oni naprave najbolje u svojim uslovima, i trude se da im prostori izgledaju lepo i nalik domu, ili bar najbolje što mogu postići. Kroz toranj nailazite na sve vrste usluga, kao što je frizer, male fabrike, i svaki sprat ima malu prodavnicu. Imaju čak i crkvu. A na 30. spratu je teretana gde su svi tegovi i šipke napravljeni od preostalih remenica za liftove koji nikad nisu ugrađeni. Izvana, iza fasade koja se stalno menja, vidite kako fiksirane betonske grede pružaju okvir stanarima, za izgradnju njihovih domova na organski, intuitivan način koji odgovara direktno njihovim potrebama.
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria, to a community called Makoko, a slum where 150,000 people live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon. While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place, when you see it from above, there seems to be a whole grid of waterways and canals connecting each and every home. From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes which carry them out to their various homes and shops located in the expansive area. When out on the water, it's clear that life has been completely adapted to this very specific way of living. Even the canoes become variety stores where ladies paddle from house to house, selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits. Behind every window and door frame, you'll see a small child peering back at you, and while Makoko seems to be packed with people, what's more shocking is actually the amount of children pouring out of every building. The population growth in Nigeria, and especially in these areas like Makoko, are painful reminders of how out of control things really are.
Hajdemo sada u Afriku, do Nigerije, u zajednicu zvanu Makoko, siromašno naselje gde 150 000 ljudi živi samo nekoliko metara iznad lagune Lagos. Iako možda izgleda kao potpuno haotično mesto, kada ga vidite odozgo, čini se da postoji čitava mreža vodenih puteva i kanala koji povezuju sve domove. Sa glavnog pristaništa, ljudi ukrcavaju duge drvene kanue koji ih voze do njihovih različitih domova i prodavnica koji se nalaze u ekspanzivnoj oblasti. Kada ste na vodi, jasno je da se život potpuno prilagodio ovom specifičnom načinu života. Čak i kanui postaju različite prodavnice u kojima dame veslaju od kuće do kuće, prodajući sve od paste za zube do svežeg voća. Iza svakog prozora i vrata, videćete malo dete koje pilji u vas, i dok Makoko izgleda krcat ljudima, ono što više šokira je zapravo broj dece koja vire iz svake zgrade. Rast populacije u Nigeriji, posebno u oblastima kao što je Makoko, je bolno podsećanje na to koliko su stvari zaista izmakle kontroli.
In Makoko, very few systems and infrastructures exist. Electricity is rigged and freshest water comes from self-built wells throughout the area. This entire economic model is designed to meet a specific way of living on the water, so fishing and boat-making are common professions. You'll have a set of entrepreneurs who have set up businesses throughout the area, like barbershops, CD and DVD stores, movie theaters, tailors, everything is there. There is even a photo studio where you see the sort of aspiration to live in a real house or to be associated with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.
U Makoku, postoji veoma malo sistema i infrastrukture. Struja je improvizovana, a sveža voda dolazi iz bunara koje su sami iskopali. Ceo ekonomski model je napravljen da odgovara specifičnom načinu života na vodi, tako da su ribarstvo i brodogradnja uobičajene profesije. Imate set preduzetnika koji su izgradili poslove u čitavom području, kao što su frizerski saloni, prodavnice CD-ova i DVD-ova, bioskopi, krojačke radnje, sve je tu. Postoji čak i foto-studio gde vidite neku vrstu težnje ka životu u pravoj kući, ili asocijacije sa dalekim mestom, kao što je hotel u Švedskoj.
On this particular evening, I came across this live band dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits. They were floating through the canals in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator for all of the community to enjoy.
Jedne večeri, naišao sam na ovaj bend propisno odeven u usklađenu garderobu. Plovili su kanalima u velikom kanuu, opremljeni generatorom da bi cela zajednica mogla da uživa.
By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black, save for a small lightbulb or a fire.
Noću, celo područje postaje gotovo sasvim crno, osim malih sijalica ili vatre.
What originally brought me to Makoko was this project from a friend of mine, Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building this three-story floating school for the kids in Makoko. With this entire village existing on the water, public space is very limited, so now that the school is finished, the ground floor is a playground for the kids, but when classes are out, the platform is just like a town square, where the fishermen mend their nets and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.
Ono što me je odvelo u Makoko bio je projekat mog prijatelja, Kunle Adejemi, koji je nedavno završio izgradnju ove trospratne plutajuće škole za decu u Makokou. Dok celo selo živi na vodi, javni prostor je veoma ograničen, tako da, sada kad je škola završena, u prizemlju je igralište za decu, ali kad se časovi završe, platforma postaje nalik gradskom trgu, gde ribari krpe svoje mreže i plutajući prodavci usidre svoje čamce.
Another place I'd like to share with you is the Zabbaleen in Cairo. They're descendants of farmers who began migrating from the upper Egypt in the '40s, and today they make their living by collecting and recycling waste from homes from all over Cairo. For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages where they would move around trying to avoid the local authorities, but in the early 1980s, they settled on the Mokattam rocks just at the eastern edge of the city. Today, they live in this area, approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people, who live in this community of self-built multi-story houses where up to three generations live in one structure. While these apartments that they built for themselves appear to lack any planning or formal grid, each family specializing in a certain form of recycling means that the ground floor of each apartment is reserved for garbage-related activities and the upper floor is dedicated to living space. I find it incredible to see how these piles and piles of garbage are invisible to the people who live there, like this very distinguished man who is posing while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him, or like these two young men who are sitting and chatting amongst these tons of garbage. While to most of us, living amongst these piles and piles of garbage may seem totally uninhabitable, to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just a different type of normal. In all these places I've talked about today, what I do find fascinating is that there's really no such thing as normal, and it proves that people are able to adapt to any kind of situation. Throughout the day, it's quite common to come across a small party taking place in the streets, just like this engagement party. In this tradition, the bride-to-be displays all of their belongings, which they soon bring to their new husband. A gathering like this one offers such a juxtaposition where all the new stuff is displayed and all the garbage is used as props to display all their new home accessories. Like Makoko and the Torre David, throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood. There are the retail shops, the cafes and the restaurants, and the community is this community of Coptic Christians, so you'll also find a church, along with the scores of religious iconographies throughout the area, and also all the everyday services like the electronic repair shops, the barbers, everything.
Još nešto što bih podelio sa vama su Zabalini u Kairu. To su potomci farmera koji su počeli da se doseljavaju iz gornjeg Egipta '40-ih godina, i koji danas žive od skupljanja i reciklaže otpada iz domova iz celog Kaira. Godinama, Zabalini su živeli u privremenim selima koja su selili pokušavajući da izbegnu lokalne vlasti, ali ranih '80-ih, naselili su se na planini Mokatam na istočnom rubu grada. Danas u ovom području živi otprilike 50 000 do 70 000 ljudi, koji žive u zajednici višespratnica koje su sami izgradili, gde u jednoj zgradi žive i do tri generacije. Iako se čini da ovim zgradama koje su sami izgradili nedostaje bilo kakvo planiranje ili formalna mreža, svaka porodica se specijalizovala za određen oblik reciklaže, što znači da je prizemlje svake zgrade rezervisano za poslove sa smećem, a viši spratovi za životni prostor. Neverovatno mi je kad vidim kako su ove gomile i gomile smeća nevidljive ljudima koji tu žive, kao ovaj izdvojeni čovek koji pozira dok smeće svih vrsta teče iza njega, ili kao ova dva mladića koji sede i ćaskaju među tonama smeća. Dok većini nas, život među ovim gomilama i gomilama smeća izgleda potpuno nezamislivo, Zabalinima je to samo drugačija vrsta normalnog. U svim ovim mestima o kojima sam danas pričao, ono što me fascinira je da zaista ne postoji jasno određeno "normalno" i dokaz je da su ljudi sposobni da se prilagode bilo kakvoj situaciji. Tokom dana, uobičajeno je da naiđete na malu zabavu koja se dešava na ulicama, kao što je ova verenička zabava. Po tradiciji, buduća mlada pokazuje svu svoju imovinu, koju će uskoro preneti kod svog novog muža. Okupljanje poput ovog pruža pravu jukstapoziciju gde se izlažu sve nove stvari, a smeće se koristi kao potpora za izlaganje njihovog novog kućnog pribora. Kao u Makokou i Tore Davidu, u Zabalinu ćete naći sva ista postrojenja kao i u bilo kojem tipičnom naselju. Tu su prodavnice, kafići, restorani, i ova zajednica je zajednica hrišćanskih Kopta, tako da ćete takođe naći i crkvu, sa kolekcijama verske ikonografije kroz celo područje, i takođe svakodnevne usluge kao što je radnja za elektronske popravke, frizeri, sve.
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen is also full of surprises. While from the outside, these homes look like any other informal structure in the city, when you step inside, you are met with all manner of design decisions and interior decoration. Despite having limited access to space and money, the homes in the area are designed with care and detail. Every apartment is unique, and this individuality tells a story about each family's circumstances and values. Many of these people take their homes and interior spaces very seriously, putting a lot of work and care into the details. The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner, where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.
Poseta domovima Zabalina je takođe puna iznenađenja. Dok izvana ovi domovi izgledaju kao bilo koja neformalna građevina u gradu, kada kročite unutra, susrećete se sa raznim dizajnerskim odlukama i unutrašnjim uređenjima. Uprkos ograničenom prostoru i novcu, domovi u ovom području su dizajnirani detaljno i brižno. Svaki stan je jedinstven, i ta individualnost priča priču o uslovima i vrednostima svake porodice. Mnogi od ovih ljudi shvataju svoje domove i unutrašnje prostore veoma ozbiljno, ulažući mnogo rada i brige u detalje. Zajednički prostori su tretirani na isti način, i zidovi su dekorisani u šablonu lažnog mermera.
But despite this elaborate decor, sometimes these apartments are used in very unexpected ways, like this home which caught my attention while all the mud and the grass was literally seeping out under the front door. When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment was being transformed into a complete animal farm, where six or seven cows stood grazing in what otherwise would be the living room. But then in the apartment across the hall from this cow shed lives a newly married couple in what locals describe as one of the nicest apartments in the area.
Ali uprkos ovom razrađenom dekoru, ponekad se ovi stanovi koriste na veoma neočekivane načine, kao ovaj dom koji je privukao moju pažnju dok su blato i trava bukvalno izbijali ispod ulaznih vrata. Kada su me pustili unutra, ispostavilo se da je ova petospratnica transformisana u životinjsku farmu, gde je šest ili sedam krava paslo tamo gde bi inače bio dnevni boravak. A onda, u stanu prekoputa ove štale sa kravama, živi nedavno venčani par u stanu koji lokalni ljudi opisuju kao jedan od najlepših stanova u području.
The attention to this detail astonished me, and as the owner of the home so proudly led me around this apartment, from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated. But if it weren't for the strangely familiar stomach-churning odor that constantly passes through the apartment, it would be easy to forget that you are standing next to a cow shed and on top of a landfill. What moved me the most was that despite these seemingly inhospitable conditions, I was welcomed with open arms into a home that was made with love, care, and unreserved passion.
Pažnja posvećena detaljima me zapanjuje, i dok me je vlasnik stana ponosno vodio kroz ovaj stan, od poda do plafona, sve je ukrašeno. I da kroz stan stalno ne prolazi neobično poznati miris od kojeg se okreće stomak, bilo bi lako zaboraviti da ste pored kravlje štale i iznad deponije. Ono što me je najviše dirnulo je da sam uprkos ovim naizgled nepristupačnim uslovima, dočekan raširenih ruku u dom koji je izgrađen sa ljubavlju, brigom, i bezrezervnom strašću.
Let's move across the map to China, to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu. In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil, there lived until recently an estimated 40 million people in these houses underground. These dwellings are called the yaodongs. Through this architecture by subtraction, these yaodongs are built literally inside of the soil. In these villages, you see an entirely altered landscape, and hidden behind these mounds of dirt are these square, rectangular houses which sit seven meters below the ground. When I asked people why they were digging their houses from the ground, they simply replied that they are poor wheat and apple farmers who didn't have the money to buy materials, and this digging out was their most logical form of living.
Hajdemo preko sveta u Kinu, u područje zvano Šansi, Henan i Ganšu. U regiji poznatoj po mekom, poroznom Les Plato tlu, živelo je po nedavnoj proceni 40 miliona ljudi u ovim podzemnim kućama. Ove zgrade se zovu jaodong. Kroz ovu arhitekturu oduzimanja, jaodonzi su izgrađeni doslovno u tlu. U ovim selima, vidite potpuno izmenjen pejzaž, i skrivene iza ovih gomila prašine, nalaze se pravougaone i kvadratne kuće na sedam metara ispod površine. Kada sam pitao ljude zašto ukopavaju svoje kuće u zemlju, odgovorili su mi da su oni siromašni uzgajivači pšenice i jabuka, i da nemaju novca da kupe materijale, i da je ovo iskopavanje njihov najlogičniji oblik življenja.
From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities have approached the tasks of planning, design and management of their communities and neighborhoods in ways that respond specifically to their environment and circumstances. Created by these very people who live, work and play in these particular spaces, these neighborhoods are intuitively designed to make the most of their circumstances. In most of these places, the government is completely absent, leaving inhabitants with no choice but to reappropriate found materials, and while these communities are highly disadvantaged, they do present examples of brilliant forms of ingenuity, and prove that indeed we have the ability to adapt to all manner of circumstances. What makes places like the Torre David particularly remarkable is this sort of skeleton framework where people can have a foundation where they can tap into. Now imagine what these already ingenious communities could create themselves, and how highly particular their solutions would be, if they were given the basic infrastructures that they could tap into.
Od Makokoa do Zabalina, ove zajednice pristupaju zadacima planiranja, dizajna i menadžmenta svojih zajednica i naselja, na načine koji odgovaraju specifično njihovom okruženju i okolnostima. Stvarani od strane ljudi koji žive, rade i igraju se u ovim prostorima, ova naselja su intuitivno projektovana da izvuku najbolje od svojih okolnosti. U većini ovih mesta, vlast je potpuno odsutna, i ne ostavlja stanovnicima drugi izbor, osim ponovne upotrebe nađenih materijala, i iako su ove zajednice u veoma nepovoljnom položaju, one predstavljaju primere brilijantnih oblika genijalnosti, i dokazuju da zaista imamo sposobnost da se prilagodimo raznim okolnostima. Ono što čini mesta poput Tore Davida posebno zapanjujućim je vrsta kostura, okvira, gde ljudi imaju temelj koji mogu iskoristiti. Sada zamislite šta bi ove već genijalne zajednice mogle da stvore, i kako bi posebna njihova rešenja bila, kada bi im bila data osnovna infrastruktura koju bi mogli iskoristiti.
Today, you see these large residential development projects which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions to massive amounts of people. From China to Brazil, these projects attempt to provide as many houses as possible, but they're completely generic and simply do not work as an answer to the individual needs of the people.
Danas, vidite ove velike stambene projekte koji nude stambena rešenja bez individualnosti velikom broju ljudi. Od Kine do Brazila, ovi projekti pokušavaju da obezbede najveći mogući broj kuća, ali su potpuno uopšteni i jednostavno ne odgovaraju individualnim potrebama ljudi.
I would like to end with a quote from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration, Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful Shorefast Foundation, based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland. She says that "there's this plague of sameness which is killing the human joy," and I couldn't agree with her more.
Želio bih da završim citatom moje prijateljice i izvora inspiracije, Zite Kob, osnivača prekrasne fondacije Šorfast, koja se nalazi na ostrvu Fogo, Njufaundlend. Ona kaže: "Postoji kuga jednakosti koja ubija ljudsku radost," i ne bih se mogao više složiti s njom.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)