Pablo Neruda published his first collection of poems at age 19. He went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature— and also rescue 2,000 refugees, spend three years in political exile, and run for president of Chile.
巴勃罗 · 聂鲁达(Pablo Neruda) 19 岁时发表了他的第一本诗集。 他后来赢了诺贝尔文学奖, 并且拯救了 2000 个难民, 3 年的政治避难, 当上智利的总统。
A romantic and a revolutionary, Neruda was one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, but also one of the most accessible and controversial. Originally written in Spanish, his poems often use straightforward language and everyday experience to create lasting impact.
一段浪漫与革命, 聂鲁达是 20 世纪 最有名的诗人之一, 同时也是最易懂与最有争议的。 最初用西班牙语写作, 他的诗通常使用 直接的语言和日常的经历 来制造持久的影响。
Neruda was born Ricardo Eliezer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto in a small Chilean town in 1904. His father didn’t want him to be a poet, so at sixteen he began to write under the pen name “Pablo Neruda.” The poems in his early collection "Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair" were tender and perceptive, illuminating the subtleties of love and enchantment. In "Poem VI," for example, he writes: “Tu recuerdo es de luz, de humo, de estanque en calma!/ Más allá de tus ojos ardían los crepúsculos.” Later, he poured this attention to detail into poems of appreciation for everyday objects. Many of the 225 short poems in his collection "All the Odes" are dedicated to the assortment of small, apparently insignificant items that surround us, from a pair of shoelaces to a watermelon. An onion is más hermosa que un ave/ de plumas cegadoras, while a tuna in the market is a bala del profundo/ océano, proyectil natatorio, te vi, muerto.
聂鲁达的原名是 Ricardo Eliezer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto 生于 1904 的一个智利小镇。 他父亲不愿让他成为诗人, 于是 16 岁时他开始以 巴勃罗 · 聂鲁达为笔名。 他早年的诗集 《二十首情诗和一首绝望的歌》 温柔又感人, 照亮了微妙的爱与魅力。 用《诗歌四》为例,他写道: “你的记忆是光、烟与平静的湖面组成的 在你的眼中, 世间万物都是炽热的。” 后来,他的诗集 开始着重于欣赏 日常的事物。 在他诗集《全诗集》的 225 首诗中 很多都是关于各种各样的小事物, 那些我们身边无足轻重的事物, 从鞋带到西瓜。 一个洋葱 比一只长满炫目羽毛的鸟更美, 市场上的金枪鱼是深海中的鱼雷, 一只会游泳的导弹, 而现在躺在我面前的只有尸体。
Despite this early literary success, Neruda struggled financially, and took a series of diplomatic jobs in places such as Burma, Indonesia, Singapore and Spain. In 1936, while Neruda was working at the consulate in Madrid, civil war broke out and the government was overthrown by a fascist military dictatorship. Neruda organized an evacuation of refugees from Spain to Chile, saving 2,000 lives. Over a period of twenty years, Neruda captured his experiences abroad in a three volume poetry collection titled "Residence on Earth." Many of these poems were experimental and surreal, merging epic landscapes, supernatural themes, and feelings of longing with discussion of political strife and a poet’s responsibility to speak out against injustice. In “I Explain a Few Things” he lingers on haunting details of the destruction of the Spanish Civil War.
尽管他早期是成功的, 聂鲁达却仍为金钱烦恼, 并且在缅甸,印度尼西亚 做了很多的外交工作, 包括新加坡和西班牙。 1936 年,当聂鲁达 在马德里做咨询工作, 内战爆发了 政府被法西斯独裁的军队占领了, 聂鲁达组织了从西班牙 到智利的难民疏离, 拯救了两千条生命。 在 20 年间, 聂鲁达将他在海外的经历 汇成了三册的诗集 名叫《地球居民》。 这些很多的诗集都是 实验性,超现实主义, 合并了史诗般的景观 与超自然的主题, 渴望的感觉, 与对政治争论的讨论 并且讲述了身为诗人 对政治不平等发声的责任。 在《我解释了一些事》中 他描述了西班牙内战中 令人难忘的摧毁细节。
For the rest of his life, Neruda remained committed to revolutionary ideals. His politics led to several years of exile before he was able to return to Chile in 1952. While in exile, he published his influential "Canto General." The book attempts to retell the entire history of Latin America through poetry, touching on everything from its flora and fauna to its politics and wars, but above all paying homage to the common people behind its civilizations’ achievements.
剩下的人生, 聂鲁达仍然投入在 革命的理想中。 他的政治理念使他 陷入了几年的流放 1952 年, 在他能够返回智利之前。 在流放的过程中, 他发表了他的《将军之歌》 这本书通过诗歌 重新讲述了拉丁美洲的历史, 触及了一切事物, 从动植物 到它的政治与战争, 但是最重要的是 对文明成就背后的普通人 最高的尊敬。
Although he continued to travel, after returning from exile Neruda lived in Chile for the rest of his life. In 1970, at age 66, Neruda ran for president of Chile before yielding to Salvador Allende and becoming his close advisor. But in 1973, Allende was overthrown in a military coup by General Augusto Pinochet. Neruda died in the hospital a couple of weeks later. Because of the timing of his death so soon after the coup, rumors swirled that he had died of sadness or even been assassinated, but the hospital recorded his cause of death as cancer.
尽管他结束流放之后 也不断的旅行, 聂鲁达在智利度过了 他剩下的人生。 1970 年,在他 66 岁时, 聂鲁达曾竞选智利总统,最后退出竞选, 让位萨尔维多 · 阿联徳(Salvador Allende), 并且成为了他密切的顾问。 但是 1973 年,阿联徳被奥古斯托 · 皮诺切特将军 (General Augusto Pinochet)的军事政变推翻了。 聂鲁达几周后 在医院过世了。 因为他过世的时间 就在军队政变之后, 流言传说他死于悲伤 甚至是暗杀, 但是医院记录了 他是死于癌症。
Today, Neruda’s lines are recited at protests and marches worldwide. Much like his life, Neruda’s poems bridged romance and revolution by emphasizing the everyday moments worth fighting for.
今天,世界各地的游行与抗议 都会用到聂鲁达的诗句。 就像是他的人生, 聂鲁达的诗歌 连接了浪漫与革命 强调了每一天 那些值得为之斗争的小事。