Looking deeply inside nature, through the magnifying glass of science, designers extract principles, processes and materials that are forming the very basis of design methodology. From synthetic constructs that resemble biological materials, to computational methods that emulate neural processes, nature is driving design. Design is also driving nature. In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine and synthetic biology, designers are growing novel technologies, not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
Gledajući duboko unutar prirode kroz lupu nauke, dizajneri izvlače principe, procese i materijale koji oblikuju samu osnovu metodologije dizajna, od sintetičkih spojeva koji podsećaju na biološke materijale do računarskih metoda koje emuliraju neuralne procese, priroda pokreće dizajn. Dizajn takođe pokreće prirodu. U svetu genetike, regenerativne medicine i sintetičke biologije, dizajneri pokreću nove tehnologije koje budućnost nije predvidela.
Bionics explores the interplay between biology and design. As you can see, my legs are bionic. Today, I will tell human stories of bionic integration; how electromechanics attached to the body, and implanted inside the body are beginning to bridge the gap between disability and ability, between human limitation and human potential.
Bionika istražuje preklapanje biologije i dizajna. Kao što možete da vidite, moje noge su bioničke. Danas ću izneti ljudske priče integracije bionika, kako elektromehanika prikačena na telo i usađena u telo počinje da spaja jaz između invaliditeta i sposobnosti, između ljudskih ograničenja i ljudskog potencijala.
Bionics has defined my physicality. In 1982, both of my legs were amputated due to tissue damage from frostbite, incurred during a mountain-climbing accident. At that time, I didn't view my body as broken. I reasoned that a human being can never be "broken." Technology is broken. Technology is inadequate. This simple but powerful idea was a call to arms, to advance technology for the elimination of my own disability, and ultimately, the disability of others. I began by developing specialized limbs that allowed me to return to the vertical world of rock and ice climbing. I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body is malleable; able to take on any form, any function -- a blank slate for which to create, perhaps, structures that could extend beyond biological capability. I made my height adjustable. I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
Bionika je definisala moju telesnost. 1982. su mi amputirali obe noge zbog oštećenja tkiva nastalog usled promrzavanja tokom incidenta pri penjanju na planinu. U to vreme, na svoje telo nisam gledao kao na pokvareno. Mislio sam da ljudsko biće nikad ne može biti pokvareno. Tehnologija je pokvarena. Tehnologija je neadekvatna. Ova jednostavna ali moćna ideja bila je poziv na učestvovanje da se unapredi tehnologija za eliminaciju mog invaliditeta i na kraju i invaliditeta drugih. Počeo sam kroz razvijanje posebnih udova koji su mi dozvolili povratak vertikalnom svetu penjanja na stene i led. Brzo sam shvatio da je veštački deo mog tela savitljiv, da može da uzme bilo koji oblik, funkciju, da je prazna ploča kroz koju se stvaraju možda strukture koje bi mogle da se razviju iznad bioloških mogućnosti. Prilagodio sam svoju visinu. Mogao sam da budem visok 150cm ili koliko god želim.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So when I was feeling bad about myself, insecure, I would jack my height up.
Kada bih se osećao loše u vezi sa samim sobom, nesigurno, povećao bih visinu, ali kada bih se osećao
(Laughter)
samouvereno i uglađeno,
But when I was feeling confident and suave, I would knock my height down a notch, just to give the competition a chance.
spustio bih visinu malo samo da konkurenciji pružim priliku.
(Laughter)
(Smeh) (Aplauz)
(Applause)
Uska, klinasta stopala dopuštala su mi da se penjem
Narrow-edged feet allowed me to climb steep rock fissures, where the human foot cannot penetrate, and spiked feet enabled me to climb vertical ice walls, without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue. Through technological innovation, I returned to my sport, stronger and better. Technology had eliminated my disability, and allowed me a new climbing prowess. As a young man, I imagined a future world where technology so advanced could rid the world of disability, a world in which neural implants would allow the visually impaired to see. A world in which the paralyzed could walk, via body exoskeletons.
preko uskih procepa u stenama, gde ljudsko stopalo ne može da prođe, a stopala sa bodljama su mi omogućila da se penjem uz vertikalne ledene zidove a da nikada ne iskusim umor u mišićima nogu. Kroz tehnološku inovaciju, vratio sam se u svoj sport jači i bolji. Tehnologija je uklonila moj invaliditet i dozvolila mi novu hrabrost u penjanju. Kao mladić, zamišljao sam budućnost gde bi tako razvijena tehnologija mogla da iskoreni invaliditet u svetu, svet gde bi nervni implanti dozvolili slabovidima da vide, svet gde bi paralizovani hodali putem telesnih egzoskeleta.
Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology, disability is rampant in the world. This gentleman is missing three limbs. As a testimony to current technology, he is out of the wheelchair, but we need to do a better job in bionics, to allow, one day, full rehabilitation for a person with this level of injury. At the MIT Media Lab, we've established the Center for Extreme Bionics. The mission of the center is to put forth fundamental science and technological capability that will allow the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans, across a broad range of brain and body disabilities.
Nažalost, zbog nedostataka u tehnologiji, invaliditet je proširen u svetu. Ovaj gospodin nema tri uda. Kao svedok trenutne tehnologije, nije u kolicima, ali moramo se više potruditi u bionici da bismo jednog dana mogli pružiti potpunu rehabilitaciju osobi sa ovim nivoom povreda. U Medijskoj laboratoriji MIT-a, osnovali smo Centar za ekstremnu bioniku. Misija ovog centra je da pruži naučne osnove i tehnološke mogućnosti koje bi dozvolile biomehatroničku i regenerativnu popravku ljudi sa širokim spektrom invaliditeta mozga i tela.
Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function, how they work, as a case in point for this center. Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night, because I knew I'd be showing them off.
Danas ću vam reći kako funkcionišu moje noge, kako rade, kao primer na delu za ovaj centar. Potrudio sam se da sinoć obrijem noge jer sam znao da ću ih pokazivati.
(Laughter)
Bionika podrazumeva inženjering na ekstremnim interfejsima.
Bionics entails the engineering of extreme interfaces. There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs: mechanical, how my limbs are attached to my biological body; dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone; and electrical, how they communicate with my nervous system.
Postoje tri ekstremna interfejsa u mojim bioničkim udovima: mehanički, kako su moji udovi prikačeni za moje biološko telo; dinamički, kako se kreću kao meso i kosti; i električni, kako komuniciraju sa mojim nervnim sistemom.
I'll begin with mechanical interface. In the area of design, we still do not understand how to attach devices to the body mechanically. It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age, one of the most mature, oldest technologies in the human timeline, the shoe, still gives us blisters. How can this be? We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies. This is the beautifully lyrical design work of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab, showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances, shown here by color variation in this 3D-printed model. Imagine a future where clothing is stiff and soft where you need it, when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility, without ever causing discomfort.
Počeću sa mehaničkim interfejsom. U oblasti dizajna, još ne razumemo kako da mehanički prikačimo uređaje na telo. Za mene je zapanjujuće da u današnje doba, jedna od najzrelijih i najstarijih tehnologija u ljudskoj istoriji, cipela, nama još uvek stvara žuljeve. Kako je ovo moguće? Nemamo pojma kako da prikačimo stvari na svoje telo. Ovo je predivno liričko dizajnersko delo profesorke Neri Oksman iz Medijske laboratorije MIT-a, koje pokazuje prostorno varijabilni otpor egzoskeleta, koji je ovde prikazan različitim bojama na ovom 3D odštampanom modelu. Zamislite budućnost u kojoj je odeća čvrsta i meka gde vam je to potrebno kada vam je to potrebno, za najbolju podršku i fleksibilnost, da se nikada ne prouzrokuje neudobnost.
My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body via synthetic skins with stiffness variations, that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics. To achieve that mirroring, we first developed a mathematical model of my biological limb. To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI, to look inside my body, to figure out the geometries and locations of various tissues. We also took robotic tools -- here's a 14-actuator circle that goes around the biological limb. The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb, measure its unloaded shape, and then they push on the tissues to measure tissue compliances at each anatomical point.
Moji bionički udovi su prikačeni za moje biološko telo putem sintetičke kože sa varijacijama u tvrdoći koje oslikavaju biomehaniku mog tkiva koje se nalazi ispod. Da se postigne oslikavanje, prvo smo razvili matematički model mog biološkog uda. Za ovo smo koristili alate poput magnetne rezonance da pogledamo unutar mog tela i otkrijemo geometriju i lokacije raznih tkiva. Koristili smo i robotičke alate. Evo kruga od 14 pokretača koji ide oko biološkog uda. Pokretači dolaze, pronalaze površinu uda, mere njegov neopterećen oblik i onda guraju tkiva da izmere saglasnost tkiva na svakoj anatomskoj tački.
We combine these imaging and robotic data to build a mathematical description of my biological limb, shown on the left. You see a bunch of points, or nodes? At each node, there's a color that represents tissue compliance. We then do a mathematical transformation to the design of the synthetic skin, shown on the right. And we've discovered optimality is: where the body is stiff, the synthetic skin should be soft, where the body is soft, the synthetic skin is stiff, and this mirroring occurs across all tissue compliances. With this framework, we've produced bionic limbs that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn. Clearly, in the future, our clothing, our shoes, our braces, our prostheses, will no longer be designed and manufactured using artisan strategies, but rather, data-driven quantitative frameworks. In that future, our shoes will no longer give us blisters.
Ove podatke sa slika i robotičke podatke kombinujemo da sastavimo matematički opis mog biološkog uda, prikazanog sleva. Vidite dosta tačaka, ili čvorova. Na svakom čvoru stoji boja koja predstavlja saglasnost tkiva. Onda radimo matematičku transformaciju do dizajna sintetičke kože na desnoj strani, i otkrili smo da je optimalno to da, tamo gde je telo čvrsto, sintetička koža treba da bude meka, gde je telo meko, sintetička koža je čvrsta i ovo preslikavanje se dešava preko svih saglasnosti tkiva. Sa ovim okvirom, napravili smo bioničke udove koji su najudobniji udovi koje sam ikada nosio. Jasno je da se u budućnosti naša odeća, obuća i proteze, veštački udovi, više neće dizajnirati i proizvoditi uz pomoć zanatske tehnike, već u kvantitativnim okvirima koje pokreću podaci. U toj budućnosti, naša obuća nam više neće prouzrokovati žuljeve.
We're also embedding sensing and smart materials into the synthetic skins. This is a material developed by SRI International, California. Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness. So under zero voltage, the material is compliant, it's floppy like paper. Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied, and it becomes stiff as a board.
Takođe ugrađujemo materijale za osećanje i mišljenje u sintetičku kožu. Ovo je materijal koji je razvio SRI Internešnal iz Kalifornije. Pod efektom elektrostatike, on menja tvrdoću. Pod nultom voltažom, materijal je fleksibilan. Savitljiv je poput papira. Onda se pritisne dugme i primeni voltaža i on postaje čvrst kao daska.
(Tapping sounds)
We embed this material into the synthetic skin that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body. When I walk here, it's no voltage. My interface is soft and compliant. The button's pushed, voltage is applied, and it stiffens, offering me a greater maneuverability over the bionic limb.
Ovaj materijal ugrađujemo u sintetičku kožu koja povezuje moj bionički ud sa mojim biološkim telom. Kada hodam ovde, nema voltaže. Moj interfejs je mek i saglasan. Pritisne se dugme i primeni se voltaža, i on očvrsne, pružajući mi veću pokretljivost bioničkog uda.
We're also building exoskeletons. This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft in just the right areas of the running cycle, to protect the biological joints from high impacts and degradation. In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons in common activities, such as running.
Takođe pravimo egzoskelete. Ovaj egzoskelet postaje čvrst i mekan u tačno određenim područjima ciklusa trčanja da bi zaštitio biološke zglobove od udaraca i propadanja. U budućnosti, svi ćemo nositi egzoskelete u čestim aktivnostima poput trčanja.
Next, dynamic interface. How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone? At my MIT lab, we study how humans with normal physiologies stand, walk and run. What are the muscles doing, and how are they controlled by the spinal cord? This basic science motivates what we build. We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips. We're building body parts from the ground up. The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs. They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients, 400 of which have been wounded U.S. soldiers.
Dalje, dinamički interfejs. Kako se moji bionički udovi pomeraju poput mesa i kosti? U mojoj laboratoriji na MIT-u proučavamo kako ljudi sa normalnom fiziologijom stoje, hodaju i trče. Šta rade mišići, i kako ih kontroliše kičmena moždina? Osnovna nauka motiviše ono što pravimo. Pravimo bioničke članke, kolena i kukove. Pravimo delove tela ni iz čega. Bionički udovi koje ja nosim zovu se BiOM. Ugrađeni su na skoro 1000 pacijenata, od čega je 400 ranjenih američkih vojnika.
How does it work?
Kako to radi? Na udar pete, pod kontrolom kompjutera,
At heel strike, under computer control, the system controls stiffness, to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground. Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs high torques and powers to lift the person into the walking stride, comparable to how muscles work in the calf region. This bionic propulsion is very important clinically to patients. So on the left, you see the bionic device worn by a lady, on the right, a passive device worn by the same lady, that fails to emulate normal muscle function, enabling her to do something everyone should be able to do: go up and down their steps at home. Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats. Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway. This is Steve Martin -- not the comedian -- who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
sistem kontroliše tvrdoću kako bi umanjio udar kada ud pogodi tlo. Onda u sredini stava, bionički ud ispušta visoke obrtaje i snagu da uzdigne osobu do pozicije za hod, što je slično tome kako rade mišići u predelu lista na nozi. Bionički pogon je klinički veoma bitan za pacijente. Levo možete videti bionički uređaj kojeg nosi jedna dama - desno je pasivni uređaj kojeg nosi ista ta dama koji ne može da emulira normalnu funkciju mišića - i da joj dozvoli da uradi nešto što bi trebalo da može svako da uradi, da se penje i silazi niz stepenice. Bionika takođe dozvoljava neke izvanredne atletske podvige. Evo gospodina koji trči uz šljunkovitu stazu. Ovo je Stiv Martin, ali ne komičar, koji je izgubio noge u udaru bombe u Avganistanu.
We're also building exoskeletal structures using these same principles, that wrap around the biological limb. This gentleman does not have any leg condition, any disability. He has a normal physiology, so these exoskeletons are applying muscle-like torques and powers, so that his own muscles need not apply those torques and powers. This is the first exoskeleton in history that actually augments human walking. It significantly reduces metabolic cost. It's so profound in its augmentation, that when a normal, healthy person wears the device for 40 minutes and then takes it off, their own biological legs feel ridiculously heavy and awkward. We're beginning the age in which machines attached to our bodies will make us stronger and faster and more efficient.
Takođe pravimo egzoskeletonske strukture koristeći iste ove principe, koji se obmotaju oko bioloških udova. Ovaj gospodin nema nikakav problem s nogama, nikakav invaliditet. Ima normalnu fiziologiju, tako da ovi egzoskeleti primenjuju sile i torzione momente poput mišića kako njegovi mišići ne bi morali da rade isto to. Ovo je prvi egzoskelet u istoriji koji zapravo poboljšava ljudski hod. Znatno umanjuje metabolički trošak. Toliko je temeljit u poboljšavanju da kada normalna, zdrava osoba nosi uređaj 40 minuta i onda ga skine, biološke noge te osobe daju osećaj neverovatne težine i čudnovatosti. Počinjemo sa dobom u kom će mašine prikačene na naša tela činiti ljude jačim, bržim i efikasnijim.
Moving on to electrical interface: How do my bionic limbs communicate with my nervous system? Across my residual limb are electrodes that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles. That's communicated to the bionic limb, so when I think about moving my phantom limb, the robot tracks those movement desires. This diagram shows fundamentally how the bionic limb is controlled. So we model the missing biological limb, and we've discovered what reflexes occurred, how the reflexes of the spinal cord are controlling the muscles. And that capability is embedded in the chips of the bionic limb. What we've done, then, is we modulate the sensitivity of the reflex, the modeled spinal reflex, with the neural signal, so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb, I get very little torque and power, but the more I fire my muscles, the more torque I get, and I can even run. And that was the first demonstration of a running gait under neural command. Feels great.
Prelazimo na električni interfejs, kako moji bionički udovi komuniciraju sa mojim nervnim sistemom? Na ostacima mojih udova nalaze se elektrode koje mere električni puls mojih mišića. To se prenosi do bioničkog uda, tako da kada pomislim na pomeranje mog uda kojeg nema, robot prati želju za tim pokretom. Ovaj dijagram pokazuje u osnovi kako se kontroliše bioničkim udom, tako da modeliramo biološki ud koji nedostaje, i otkrili smo koji refleksi su se dešavali, kako refleksi kičmene moždine kontrolišu mišiće i ta sposobnost je ugrađena u čipove u bioničkom udu. Onda smo modulirali osetljivost refleksa, modelovanog refleksa kičme, sa nervnim signalom, tako da kada opustim mišiće u ostatku mog uda, dobijam veoma malo torzionog momenta i snage, ali što više koristim mišiće, dobijam više sile, i čak mogu i da trčim. To je bila prva demonstracija trčećeg hoda pod nervnom komandom. Sjajan osećaj.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
We want to go a step further. We want to actually close the loop between the human and the bionic external limb. We're doing experiments where we're growing nerves, transected nerves, through channels, or micro-channel arrays. On the other side of the channel, the nerve then attaches to cells, skin cells and muscle cells. In the motor channels, we can sense how the person wishes to move. That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb, then [sensory information] on the bionic limb can be converted to stimulations in adjacent channels, sensory channels. So when this is fully developed and for human use, persons like myself will not only have synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone, but actually feel like flesh and bone.
Želimo da odemo korak dalje. Želimo da zapravo zatvorimo prazninu između ljudskog i bioničkog eksternog uda. Radimo eksperimente gde uzgajamo nerve, presečene nerve, kroz kanale ili snopove mikrokanala. Sa druge strane kanala, nerv se prikači za ćelije, ćelije kože i mišića. U motornim kanalima možemo osetiti kako osoba želi da se kreće. To se može bežično poslati do bioničkog uda, a onda senzori na tom udu mogu da se prebace u stimulaciju u susednim, senzornim kanalima. Kada se ovo potpuno razvije za ljudsku upotrebu, osobe poput mene će imati ne samo sintetičke udove koji se kreću poput mesa i kosti, već će imati osećaj mesa i kostiju.
This video shows Lisa Mallette, shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs. Indeed, bionics is making a profound difference in people's lives.
Na ovom snimku je Lisa Malet ubrzo nakon što je dobila dva bionička uda. Bionika zaista čini
(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
suštinsku razliku u životima ljudi.
LM: Oh my God, I can't believe it!
(Video) Lisa Malet: O moj bože. O moj bože, ne mogu da verujem.
(Video) (Laughter)
LM: It's just like I've got a real leg!
To je kao da imam pravu nogu.
Woman: Now, don't start running.
Nemoj sada da kreneš da trčiš.
Man: Now turn around, and do the same thing walking up, but get on your heel to toe, like you would normally just walk on level ground. Try to walk right up the hill.
Čovek: Sada se okreni, i uradi isto hodajući nagore. Hodaj, stani na petu i prste, kao što bi normalno hodala na ravnom tlu. Pokušaj da hodaš uzbrdo.
LM: Oh my God.
LM: O moj bože.
Man: Is it pushing you up?
Čovek: Da li te gura nagore?
LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
LM: Da! Ja čak i ne - ne mogu ni da opišem.
Man: It's pushing you right up.
Čovek: Gura te pravo nagore.
Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the Center --
Hju Her: Sledeće nedelje posetiću -
Thank you. Thank you.
(Aplauz) Hvala vam, hvala.
(Applause)
Hvala. Sledeće nedelje posetiću
Thank you.
Next week I'm visiting the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and I'm going to try to convince CMS to grant appropriate code language and pricing, so this technology can be made available to the patients that need it.
Centar za usluge medicinske nege i pomoći i pokušaću da ih ubedim da pruže odgovarajući jezik za kodiranje i cene kako bi ova tehnologija bila dostupna
(Applause)
pacijentima kojima je potrebna.
Thank you.
Hvala vam. (Aplauz)
(Applause)
To se ne ceni dovoljno, ali preko pola
It's not well appreciated, but over half of the world's population suffers from some form of cognitive, emotional, sensory or motor condition, and because of poor technology, too often, conditions result in disability and a poorer quality of life. Basic levels of physiological function should be a part of our human rights. Every person should have the right to live life without disability if they so choose -- the right to live life without severe depression; the right to see a loved one, in the case of seeing-impaired; or the right to walk or to dance, in the case of limb paralysis or limb amputation. As a society, we can achieve these human rights, if we accept the proposition that humans are not disabled. A person can never be broken. Our built environment, our technologies, are broken and disabled. We the people need not accept our limitations, but can transcend disability through technological innovation. Indeed, through fundamental advances in bionics in this century, we will set the technological foundation for an enhanced human experience, and we will end disability.
svetske populacije pati od nekog vida kognitivnog, emocionalnog, senzornog ili motoričkog problema, i zbog loše tehnologije, prečesto posledica bude invaliditet i lošiji kvalitet života. Osnovni nivo fiziološke funkcije treba da bude deo naših ljudskih prava. Svaka osoba treba da ima pravo da živi bez invaliditeta ako tako odabere - pravo da žive bez teške depresije - da vide voljenu osobu u slučaju da su slabovidi; ili pravo da hodaju ili plešu, u slučaju paralize udova ili amputacije. Kao društvo, možemo postići ova ljudska prava ako prihvatimo ideju da ljudi nisu invalidi. Osoba nikada ne može biti pokvarena. Naše okruženje i tehnologije su pokvareni i imaju invaliditet. Mi ljudi ne moramo prihvatiti svoja ograničenja, već možemo prevazići invaliditet kroz tehnološke inovacije. Zaista, kroz ključne napretke u bionici u ovom veku, postavićemo tehnološku osnovu za poboljšano ljudsko iskustvo i iskorenićemo invaliditet.
I'd like to finish up with one more story, a beautiful story. The story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis. Adrianne lost her left leg in the Boston terrorist attack. I met Adrianne when this photo was taken, at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital. Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
Želeo bih da završim sa još jednom, predivnom pričom, pričom Edrijen Haslet-Dejvis. Ona je izgubila svoju levu nogu u terorističkom napadu u Bostonu. Upoznao sam je kada je nastala ova slika u Rehabilitacionoj bolnici Spolding. Edrijen je balska plesačica.
Adrianne breathes and lives dance. It is her expression. It is her art form. Naturally, when she lost her limb in the Boston terrorist attack, she wanted to return to the dance floor.
Ona diše i živi za ples. To je njen izraz, njen umetnički oblik. Naravno, kada je izgubila nogu u terorističkom napadu u Bostonu, želela je da se vrati na plesni podijum.
After meeting her and driving home in my car, I thought, I'm an MIT professor. I have resources. Let's build her a bionic limb, to enable her to go back to her life of dance. I brought in MIT scientists with expertise in prosthetics, robotics, machine learning and biomechanics, and over a 200-day research period, we studied dance. We brought in dancers with biological limbs, and we studied how they move, what forces they apply on the dance floor, and we took those data, and we put forth fundamental principles of dance, reflexive dance capability, and we embedded that intelligence into the bionic limb. Bionics is not only about making people stronger and faster. Our expression, our humanity can be embedded into electromechanics.
Nakon što sam je upoznao i otišao kući kolima, pomislio sam, ja sam profesor na MIT-u. Imam sredstva. Hajde da joj napravimo bionički ud da joj omogućimo da se vrati u svet plesa. Doveo sam naučnike s MIT-a sa iskustvom iz prostetike, robotike, mašinskog učenja i biomehanike, i kroz period istraživanja od 200 dana, proučavali smo ples. Doveli smo plesače sa biološkim udovima i proučavali smo kako se kreću, koje sile primenjuju na plesnom podijumu i uzeli smo te podatke i uložili osnovne principe plesa, mogućnost refleksivnog plesa, i ugradili smo to znanje u bionički ud. U bionici se ne radi samo o tome da ljudi postanu jači i brži. Naš izraz, naša ljudskost, mogu se izraziti u elektromehanici.
It was 3.5 seconds between the bomb blasts in the Boston terrorist attack. In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards took Adrianne off the dance floor. In 200 days, we put her back. We will not be intimidated, brought down, diminished, conquered or stopped by acts of violence.
Između udara bombi bilo je 3,5 sekunde, u terorističkom napadu na Boston. Za 3,5 sekunde, kriminalci i kukavice su oteli plesni podijum od Edrijen. Za 200 dana, vratili smo je tamo. Neće nas uplašiti i ugnjetavati, umanjiti, poraziti ili zaustaviti nasilnim činovima.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce Adrianne Haslet-Davis, her first performance since the attack. She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
Dame i gospodo, dozvolite da vam predstavim Edrijen Haslet-Dejvis, za njen prvi nastup od napada. Ona pleše s Kristijanom Lajtnerom.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
(Muzika: "Ring my Bell" - Enrike Iglesijas)
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Ladies and gentlemen, members of the research team: Elliott Rouse and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
Dame i gospodo, članovi istraživačkog tima, Eliot Raus i Nejtan Vilagarej-Carski.
Elliott and Nathan.
Eliot i Nejtan.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)