I told you three things last year. I told you that the statistics of the world have not been made properly available. Because of that, we still have the old mindset of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong. And that animated graphics can make a difference. Things are changing and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page, it says, by first of May, full access to the databases. (Applause) And if I could share the image with you on the screen. So three things have happened. U.N. opened their statistic databases, and we have a new version of the software up working as a beta on the net, so you don't have to download it any longer.
去年我们讲了3个问题 我们已经谈过了 世界的统计资料并不为人们所知 所以我们仍错误的 把世界划分为发达国家与发展中国家 但是新的统计数据动画技术将引领变革 变革已经开始 今天,在联合国统计署的官方网站上 通告说5月1日以后所有数据库向公众开放 (掌声) 我们一起看大屏幕 (过去1年中)发生了3件事 联合国开放了他们的数据库 我们的软件推出了新版本 其测试版可以在线使用 所以今后大家再也不用下载了
And let me repeat what you saw last year. The bubbles are the countries. Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman -- and there you have the length of life in years. This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries, those were developing countries. At that time there was a "we" and "them." There was a huge difference in the world. But then it changed, and it went on quite well.
首先我们回顾一下去年的内容 每个球代表一个国家 X轴是生育率,每个妇女的育儿数 Y轴是平均寿命年数 当前数据是1950年,这些是发达国家 这些是发展中国家 那时世界是由“我们和他们”构成的 那时候各国差距很大 后来世界往好的方向上改变了
And this is what happens. You can see how China is the red, big bubble. The blue there is India. And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be a little more serious this year in showing you how things really changed. And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it? Large families still, and the HIV epidemic brought down the countries like this. This is more or less what we saw last year, and this is how it will go on into the future.
这就是变化的过程 那个大的红球代表中国 而那个大的蓝球代表印度 (今年我想 稍微严肃一些地向你们展示 世界的发展过程) 而这些(小的深蓝色球)非洲国家 正是问题所在 庞大的家庭,艾滋病流行 导致平均寿命下降 这基本上就是去年我们所讲的内容 而这是对未来的预测
And I will talk on, is this possible? Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist. Because this is where we are. Will it be possible that this will happen? I cover my lifetime here, you know? I expect to live 100 years. And this is where we are today. Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world? And I would like to show that against child survival. We'll swap the axis. Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival -- four kids dying there, 200 dying there. And this is GDP per capita on this axis. And this was 2007.
我得说这些只是可能发生的 因为现在我们看到的 实际上是不存在的统计数据 这是目前的实际情况 也许未来的发展会像这样 (这段时间)包含了我的人生 我期望活到100岁 这是今天的世界 我们看看世界的经济情况 和对应的儿童健康状况 我们翻转一下Y轴 现在Y轴是儿童死亡率 这里是千分之四的死亡率 而那里是千分之两百的死亡率 X轴是人均GDP 当前是2007年的数据
And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics -- here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago. Some countries still had statistics. We are looking down in the archive, and when we are down into 1820, there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers. (Laughter) But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year. And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.
如果我们回到过去,我们增加了一些历史数据 100年前没有多少数据统计 只有少数国家有数据可查 我们参考了历史文献的记载 现在我们看到的是1820年的数据 那时只有奥地利和瑞典人识数 (笑声) 但他们在下边,每人每年1000美元的收入 五分之一的孩子活不到1岁生日
So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world. How they got slowly richer and richer, and they add statistics. Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics? You see the importance of that? And here, children don't live longer. The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe, because most of this statistics is Europe. It was only by the turn of the century that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year. This is India coming up, with the first data from India. And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money. And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here. And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health, not getting so rich. There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money. It moves this way over here. And the bubbles keep moving up there, and this is what the world looks like today. (Applause)
这就是那时的世界。再看看世界的发展 这些国家慢慢变得富有 另一些国家开始拥有统计数据 (这些数据是不是很漂亮? 大家发现统计的重要性了吧) 但是儿童健康并没有得到很大的改善 在19世纪70年代左右,欧洲的孩子们很不幸 因为这些数据都来自欧洲国家 直到19世纪与20世纪交替的时候 90%以上的孩子能庆祝1岁生日 现在出现的是印度(蓝球) 而这个(黄球)是美国,人们的钱包越来越鼓 中国(大的红球)出现在远处的角落 毛泽东时代,中国儿童健康不断改善 但是收入的增加很缓慢 毛泽东去世后,邓小平带来了金钱 中国朝着高收入的方向发展 其他国家也都在发展 这就是今天我们的世界 (掌声)
Let us have a look at the United States. We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are." And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background -- I put them up like this, and now we go backwards. And we can see that the United States goes to the right of the mainstream. They are on the money side all the time. And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India -- present, contemporary India. And that means United States was richer, but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally. And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today. The Philippines of today has almost the same economy as the United States during the First World War. But we have to bring United States forward quite a while to find the same health of the United States as we have in the Philippines. About 1957 here, the health of the United States is the same as the Philippines. And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized, is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America, are much more ahead in being healthy, educated, having human resources than they are economically.
现在我们看看美国 (新软件)多了一个选项,可以让世界(其他国家)静止 我们把美国选定,把背景调亮 这样可以看到其他国家 接着我们回到过去 美国始终在主流的右侧 他们总和钱站在同一边 回到1915年,当时的美国 和今天的印度差不多 当时的美国(比今天的印度)更富有 儿童死亡率却更高 再看这里,菲律宾(与美国)相比 菲律宾今天的经济水平 与一战时期的美国差不多 但美国需要(从一战后)发展多少年 才能达到菲律宾今天的儿童健康水平呢 才能达到菲律宾今天的儿童健康水平呢 直到1957年,美国的儿童健康水平 才和今天的菲律宾一样 这就是世界发展的剧本,很多人称之为“全球化” 也就是说在亚洲,阿拉伯国家和拉丁美洲 其健康和教育水平的发展速度 远超过了经济发展的速度
There's a discrepancy in what's happening today in the emerging economies. There now, social benefits, social progress, are going ahead of economical progress. And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today. And how long do we have to bring United States to get the same health as Chile has today? I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 -- the United States has the same health as Chile. Chile's catching up! Within some years Chile may have better child survival than the United States. This is really a change, that you have this lag of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.
而在今天的新兴国家中 发展的差异 更多的体现在社会的进步 而不是经济的发展 1957年美国的经济水平与今天的智利相近 但美国需要发展多少年 才能达到智利今天的儿童健康水平呢 (我们要等到)2002年 美国的儿童健康水平才和今天的智利一样 智利已经赶上来了! 几年后智利的儿童健康 可能会超过美国 这真是很大的变化,在不同的国家 经济发展和健康水平的差距有30,40年
And behind the health is the educational level. And there's a lot of infrastructure things, and general human resources are there. Now we can take away this -- and I would like to show you the rate of speed, the rate of change, how fast they have gone. And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan. And I want to look at Sweden and the United States. And I'm going to stage a race here between this sort of yellowish Ford here and the red Toyota down there, and the brownish Volvo. (Laughter) And here we go. Here we go. The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see, and the United States Ford is going off-road there. And the Volvo is doing quite fine. This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden -- can you see that? And they are taking over Sweden, and they are now healthier than Sweden. That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota. (Laughter) And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan. They really caught up.
而在这个背后,有教育的差距 还有基础设施的差距 以及人力资源的差距等等 我们现在把其他国家去掉 再来看看不同的国家 其发展速度有怎样的差异 回到1920年,先选定日本 选定瑞典和美国 我们将举办一场车赛 选手分别是黄色的福特车(美国) 红色的丰田车(日本) 和棕色的沃尔沃车(瑞典) (笑声) 比赛开始 丰田车启动时的表现很差 福特车驶出了赛道 沃尔沃表现的很不错 二战时,丰田车跑到了赛道外 但它(很快调整好)并在健康水平高于瑞典的一侧运行 但它(很快调整好)并在健康水平高于瑞典的一侧运行 现在它的健康水平 已经超过了瑞典 就在那一年 我把自己的沃尔沃换成了丰田车 (笑声) 我们看到 日本的变化速度是惊人的 他们确实赶超了上来
And this changes gradually. We have to look over generations to understand it. And let me show you my own sort of family history -- we made these graphs here. And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know? And this is my family. This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born. Sweden was like Sierra Leone today. And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863. And Sweden was like Mozambique. And this is when my grandma was born, 1891. She took care of me as a child, so I'm not talking about statistic now -- now it's oral history in my family. That's when I believe statistics, when it's grandma-verified statistics. (Laughter) I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics. Sweden was like Ghana. It's interesting to see the enormous diversity within sub-Saharan Africa. I told you last year, I'll tell you again, my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I? I'm the Mexican in the family. And my daughter, she was born in Chile, and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore, now the healthiest country on this Earth. It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago, with better child survival. But they're very small, you know? They're so close to the hospital we can never beat them out in these forests. (Laughter) But homage to Singapore.
但是这种变化是逐步发生的 要经历好几代人的时间才能理解这种变化 下面把我的家族史展示给大家看一下 (这张图代表今天的世界) Y轴代表健康水平,X轴是收入 (这根红线)代表了我的家族 这里是1830年的瑞典 ,我的曾曾祖母出生于这一年 1830年的瑞典和今天的塞拉利昂一样 我的曾祖母生于1863年 1863年的瑞典和今天的莫桑比克一样 我的祖母生于1891年 是她看着我长大的 现在我给大家讲述的不是统计数据 而是我本人的家族历史 我之所以相信这些统计数据 是因为我的祖母证实了这些数据的真实性 (笑声) 我认为祖母最适合于验证数据真实性 1891年的瑞典和今天的嘎纳一样 可见在撒哈拉以南非洲地区 国家间的差异非常巨大 (我们再来回顾一下去年的内容) 我母亲出生于(今天的)埃及 我是家里的墨西哥人 我女儿出生于(今天的)智利 我的孙女则出生在(今天的)新加坡 新加坡是目前世界上最健康的国家 其儿童健康水平在2,3年前 超过了瑞典 但新加坡是个小地方 人们住的地方和医院很近 把他们搬到瑞典的森林地区再比比看 (笑声) 但还是应该向新加坡致敬
Singapore is the best one. Now this looks also like a very good story. But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story. Because I have to show you one of the other facilities. We can also make the color here represent the variable -- and what am I choosing here? Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita. This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person. And China was emitting 0.6, and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita. And what happens when we moved on? Well, you see the nice story of getting richer and getting healthier -- everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide. There is no one who has done it so far. And we don't have all the updated data any longer, because this is really hot data today. And there we are, 2001.
他们是最健康的国家之一 以上这些看起来很不错 但这些好的现象不能代表全部 现在我们调整一下设置 把球的颜色重新设置一下,让颜色表示 把球的颜色重新设置一下,让颜色表示 CO2人均排放量(公吨) 1962年,美国的人均CO2排放量为16吨 当时的中国人均排放0.6吨 印度为0.3吨 后来呢 各国的经济和健康均得到了发展 各国的经济和健康均得到了发展 同时所有国家的人均CO2排放量都增加了 没有哪个国家不是如此 手头上我们没有更近的数据 因为CO2的数据现在很炙手可热 最新的数据只有2001年的
And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know, many say now the problem is that the emerging economies, they are getting out too much carbon dioxide. The Minister of the Environment of India said, "Well, you were the one who caused the problem." The OECD countries -- the high-income countries -- they were the ones who caused the climate change. "But we forgive you, because you didn't know it. But from now on, we count per capita. From now on we count per capita. And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."
上次我参加了一个世界领导人的会议 很多人在埋怨新兴国家 说他们排放了太多CO2 印度环境部的部长说 “问题出在你们那里 经合组织成员国,高收入国家 是你们导致了气候的改变 但我们原谅你们,因为你们以前并不知情 从现在起我们算人均CO2排放量 从现在起我们算人均CO2排放量 每个国家都应该对自己的人均CO2排放量负责”
This really shows you, we have not seen good economic and health progress anywhere in the world without destroying the climate. And this is really what has to be changed. I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world, but I don't think it's like this. The world is quite a messy place. This we can call Dollar Street. Everyone lives on this street here. What they earn here -- what number they live on -- is how much they earn per day. This family earns about one dollar per day. We drive up the street here, we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day. And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street, and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.
这里我们清楚地看到,每个国家的 经济发展和健康的改善 都是以破坏环境为代价的 这亟需改变 我给大家展示过于乐观的发展前景,已经招来不少批评 尽管我不太认同 这是一个乱糟糟的世界 现在大家所看到的是“美元街” 所有人都住在这条街上 上面的数字 代表居民每天的收入 这家人每天收入1美元 我们驾车往前走 这家人每天收入2-3美元 继续往前走,看到街上第一个带花园的房子 他们家每天收入10-50美元
And how do they live? If we look at the bed here, we can see that they sleep on a rug on the floor. This is what poverty line is -- 80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs, the food for the day. This is two to five dollars. You have a bed. And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see. I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see the sofa immediately here. (Laughter) And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there. And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama, you see the family still sitting on the floor there. Although there is a sofa, if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars. It comes beyond here, when you really can get good working conditions in the family. And if you really want to see the difference, you look at the toilet over here. This can change. This can change. These are all pictures and images from Africa, and it can become much better. We can get out of poverty.
房子里面是什么样子的呢 先看看卧室 (最穷的一家)睡在地板上 这就是贫困线以下的生活 80%的收入用于基本生活所需的能量和食物 80%的收入用于基本生活所需的能量和食物 这家人每天收入2-5美元,有床可以睡了 (带花园的这一家)卧室要好得多 我给"宜家"雇员们作报告的时候 他们要求看看沙发 (笑声) 这就是(贫困家里的)沙发 这一家有像样的沙发,但我们环顾周围 会看到他们仍然坐在地板上 尽管他们有沙发 我们再看看厨房 日收入1美元和10美元的家庭,厨房条件差不多 在日收入超过10美元的家里 厨房的条件才大为改善 真正的差别其实在厕所 大家看这里 这些是可以改变的 这些图片来自非洲 但是(非洲)可以变得更好 我们可以摆脱贫困
My own research has not been in IT or anything like this. I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers who were on the verge of famine. And this is the result of the farmers-needs research. The nice thing here is that you can't see who are the researchers in this picture. That's when research functions in poor societies -- you must really live with the people.
我以前的研究并不是现在的IT领域 我在非洲工作了20年,终日奔走于饥饿的非洲农民中间 我在非洲工作了20年,终日奔走于饥饿的非洲农民中间 这张照片记录了对“农民需求”的一项研究 有趣的是,你在照片上分辨不出 谁是研究人员 在贫困地区开展研究的时候 你必须和当地人生活在一起
When you're in poverty, everything is about survival. It's about having food. And these two young farmers, they are girls now -- because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS -- they discuss with a trained agronomist. This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira, and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant -- the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found. And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice, and that's to survive in poverty. That's one context. Getting out of poverty. The women told us one thing. "Get us technology. We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours. Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour, then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves." Technology will bring you out of poverty, but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty. And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market. But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market. She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market and doesn't have to stay home. And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road. It's also good with credit. Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know. And information will tell her when to go to market with which product. You can do this.
如果你在贫困线以下,生存就是你的全部 必须获得食物 照片里的2个年轻的农民,她们是女孩 因为父母都死于艾滋病 她们正和一个农学家交谈 他是马拉维最好的农学家之一,(名字是)Jonathan Mkambira 他们正在讨论种植哪一种cassava Cassava是已知的转化太阳能效率最高的植物 农民非常渴望得到建议 这就是贫困线以下的生活 另一方面 (如何)摆脱贫困 照片中的妇女告诉我们:“我们需要技术支持 我们不想用人工磨,连续几个小时站着 给我们电动磨来磨面粉吧 我们可以用卖面粉的钱 去买其它东西” 技术支持可以帮助人们脱贫 而市场对于人们脱贫也很重要 照片里的妇女很开心,她正把农产品运到市场上去卖 她很感谢政府的教育投资 她学会了算术 这样在市场里不会被骗 她也希望孩子健康 这样她可以安心去市场 而不是在家里照顾小孩 她还希望有基础设施,有一条铺好的道路很重要 另外小额贷款也很有用 小额贷款帮她买了自行车 她还需要讯息,何时带何种农产品去市场 而这些都是我们能实现的
I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that the seemingly impossible is possible. Africa has not done bad. In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe, with a functioning nation and state. I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world during the last 50 years. Because we don't consider where they came from. It's this stupid concept of developing countries that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago, and says that Mozambique did worse. We have to know a little more about the world. I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine. He knows everything. He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything. I only know two types of wine -- red and white. (Laughter) But my neighbor only knows two types of countries -- industrialized and developing. And I know 200, I know about the small data. But you can do that. (Applause)
非洲20年的经历让我明白 看上去不可能的事情 其实是可能的 非洲的表现一点也不差 50年时间里,非洲从中世纪之前的水平 发展为100年前的欧洲 并建立起国家系统 我想说撒哈拉以南非洲地区在过去的50年中,是发展速度最快的地区 我想说撒哈拉以南非洲地区在过去的50年中,是发展速度最快的地区 由于我们没有考虑非洲的出身 而且错误的使用 “发展中国家”的理念 50年前把阿根廷和莫桑比克归类在一起 然后得出结论说 莫桑比克的发展(比阿根廷)差多了 我们应该更深入了解这个世界 我的邻居了解200种葡萄酒 他对这些酒了如指掌 他知道葡萄的名字,酿酒的温度 我就知道2种葡萄酒,红的和白的 (笑声) 但是我邻居就知道2种国家 发达国家和发展中国家 我熟悉200个国家,以及他们的历年数据 这个你也能做到 (掌声)
But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious? You make a PowerPoint, you know? (Laughter) Homage to the Office package, no? What is this, what is this, what am I telling? I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development. Everyone wants your pet thing. If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit. If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization, you love equity between gender. Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on. On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing. We need everything. All these things are important for development, especially when you just get out of poverty and you should go towards welfare.
后面我要严肃一些,怎么严肃法呢? 我们需要Power Point (笑声) 向微软"Office"致敬! 下面我想讲一下 发展的过程是多维的 每个人都有自己的偏好 如果你为企业部门工作,你会偏爱小额贷款 如果你在非政府组织工作 你更喜欢讨论男女平等 如果你是教师,你会首推联合国教科文组织,等等 在全球发展的层面,我们的需求其实大同小异 这种需求涉及所有领域 因为它们都是发展的前提 尤其是对于 希望脱贫致富的人们 尤其是对于 希望脱贫致富的人们
Now, what we need to think about is, what is a goal for development, and what are the means for development? Let me first grade what are the most important means. Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor, is the most important thing for development because it explains 80 percent of survival. Governance. To have a government which functions -- that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850. It was the government that made law function finally. Education, human resources are important. Health is also important, but not that much as a mean. Environment is important. Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.
我们要仔细考虑一下 哪些是发展的目标 哪些是发展的途径 先看看最重要的途径 经济的发展, 对于公共卫生学教授来说这是一切发展的根本 经济的发展, 对于公共卫生学教授来说这是一切发展的根本 因为经济是生存的基础 其次是政府职能,依托一个有效的政府 加利福尼亚成功的度过了 1850年的艰难时期 而且政府职能是 有效司法体系的基础 再然后是教育,人力资源非常重要 健康也很重要 但不是发展必需的方法 环境也比较重要 还有人权,但作为发展的方法,其分量不重
Now what about goals? Where are we going toward? We are not interested in money. Money is not a goal. It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal. Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing, but it's not a goal. And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean. Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy -- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy. And that's good, it gets two plusses. Environment is very, very crucial. There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up. But where are the important goals? Of course, it's human rights. Human rights is the goal, but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development. And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say, because that's what brings joy to life. That's the value of living.
再看发展的目标,我们需要往什么方向发展 肯定不是金钱 经济发展是最好的发展途径 但不是发展的目标 经济发展是最好的发展途径 但不是发展的目标 也许有政府职能,能参加选举固然不错 但这不足以成为发展的目标 接受教育也不是目标,而是发展的途径 健康得2分,因为健康的身体很重要 尤其在我这个年龄还可以站在讲台上 所以健康得2分 环境也非常重要 如果现在不保护环境 我们的子孙将一无所有 那么什么是最重要的发展目标呢 当然是人权了 人权是发展的核心目标 尽管这不是发展的必需途径 还有文化,我想把文化放在最重要的位置 因为文化给我们的生活带来欢乐 给生活赋予了意义
So the seemingly impossible is possible. Even African countries can achieve this. And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible. And remember, please remember my main message, which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible. We can have a good world. I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint, and I think I will convince you also by culture. (Laughter) (Applause) Bring me my sword! Sword swallowing is from ancient India. It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious. (Laughter) And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel -- this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850, in the last year we had war. And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here. And I'm going to take this blade of steel, and push it down through my body of blood and flesh, and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible. Can I request a moment of absolute silence? (Applause)
看上去不可能的事情 是可能实现的 即使是非洲也能做到 那些图表已经证明这一点,看上去不可能的事情是可能实现的 这就是今天我的演讲最重要的内容 看上去不可能的事情 是可能实现的 明天的世界会更美好 在给你们展示了图表,还有幻灯片之后 我要用最后的内容来说服你们,文化 (笑声) (掌声) 拿剑来! 吞剑表演 古印度传承了上千年的传统表演 这项表演一直激励着人们 去探索视野之外的世界 (笑声) 今天我也要证明给你们看,看上去不可能的事情是可能实现的 我将用这把铁剑,1850年的瑞典军用刺刀 我将用这把铁剑,1850年的瑞典军用刺刀 (那年瑞典打完了最后一场战争) 大家可以听一下 货真价实 接着我会将这把铁剑 穿过我这血肉之躯 从而向你们证明,看上去不可能的事情是可能实现的 请大家保持绝对的安静 www.gapminder.org