I told you three things last year. I told you that the statistics of the world have not been made properly available. Because of that, we still have the old mindset of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong. And that animated graphics can make a difference. Things are changing and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page, it says, by first of May, full access to the databases. (Applause) And if I could share the image with you on the screen. So three things have happened. U.N. opened their statistic databases, and we have a new version of the software up working as a beta on the net, so you don't have to download it any longer.
Anul trecut v-am spus trei lucruri. V-am spus ca statisticile despre lumea in care traim nu au fost date publicitatii in mod potrivit. Din aceasta cauza, inca mai avem o viziune invechita a tarilor in curs de dezvoltare si a celor industrializate, care este gresita. Iar graficele animate pot arata lucrurile intr-un mod diferit. Lucurile se schimba. Si astazi, pe pagina de internet a Diviziei de Statistici a Natiunilor Unite, este specificat, de la 1 mai, access nerestrictionat la bazele de date. (Aplauze) Si acum va voi arata imaginea pe ecran. Deci, trei evenimente au avut loc. Natiunile Unite si-au facut publice bazele de date, si avem o noua versiune de software care functioneaza online, deci nu mai trebuie sa o descarcati local.
And let me repeat what you saw last year. The bubbles are the countries. Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman -- and there you have the length of life in years. This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries, those were developing countries. At that time there was a "we" and "them." There was a huge difference in the world. But then it changed, and it went on quite well.
Si acum voi repeta ce ati vazut anul trecut. Bulele reprezinta tari. Aici avem rata fertilitatii - numarul de copii pe femeie - si aici avem durata vietii in ani. Aici e 1950 - acelea sunt tarile industrializate, acelea sunt tarile in curs de dezvoltare. In acel moment exista un "noi" si "ei". Exista o diferenta foarte mare in lume. Dar apoi a aparut o schimbare, iar lucrurile au evoluat chiar spre bine.
And this is what happens. You can see how China is the red, big bubble. The blue there is India. And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be a little more serious this year in showing you how things really changed. And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it? Large families still, and the HIV epidemic brought down the countries like this. This is more or less what we saw last year, and this is how it will go on into the future.
Si uitati ce se intampla. Vedeti China, care este bula cea mare si rosie; albastrul de acolo e India. Voi incerca sa fiu un pic mai serios anul acesta cand va voi arata cum lucrurile s-au schimbat cu adevarat. Si e Africa care e evident o problema aici jos, nu-i asa? Inca mai exista familii mari si epidemia HIV au adus tarile in partea de jos, asa cum vedeti. Partea asta seamana, mai mult sau mai putin, cu ce am vazut si anul trecut, si asa vor evolua lucrurile in viitor.
And I will talk on, is this possible? Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist. Because this is where we are. Will it be possible that this will happen? I cover my lifetime here, you know? I expect to live 100 years. And this is where we are today. Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world? And I would like to show that against child survival. We'll swap the axis. Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival -- four kids dying there, 200 dying there. And this is GDP per capita on this axis. And this was 2007.
Si voi vorbi despre, e asta posibil? Pentru ca eu am prezentat acum statistici care nu exista. Pentru ca aici suntem noi acum. Chiar e posibil sa se intample asta? Acopar intreaga perioada a vietii mele aici, intelegeti? Ma astept sa traiesc 100 de ani. Si aici suntem astazi. Acum sa ne uitam aici in loc de situatia economica in lume. Si vreau sa va arat aceasta raportata la rata de supravietuire a copiilor. Schimbam axele: aici avem mortalitatea infantila - adica, rata de supravietuire 4 copii mor aici, 200 aici Si pe aceasta axa avem GDP per capita Si aici a fost 2007.
And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics -- here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago. Some countries still had statistics. We are looking down in the archive, and when we are down into 1820, there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers. (Laughter) But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year. And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.
Si daca mergem inapoi in timp, am adaugat niste statistici istorice - mergem, mergem, mergem - nu sunt asa de multe statistici de acum 100 de ani. Unele tari insa aveau statistici. Ne uitam in arhiva, si acum am ajuns in 1820, doar Austria si Suedia pot oferi cifre. (Rasete) Dar erau aici jos, aveau 1000 de dolari de persoana pe an. Si pierdeau o cincime din copii inainte de prima lor aniversare.
So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world. How they got slowly richer and richer, and they add statistics. Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics? You see the importance of that? And here, children don't live longer. The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe, because most of this statistics is Europe. It was only by the turn of the century that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year. This is India coming up, with the first data from India. And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money. And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here. And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health, not getting so rich. There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money. It moves this way over here. And the bubbles keep moving up there, and this is what the world looks like today. (Applause)
Deci asta e ce se intampla in lume, daca derulam lumea intreaga cum au devenit ei incet mai bogati, si mai bogati, si se adauga statistici. Nu-i asa ca e frumos cand se adauga statistici? Vedeti cat e de important acest lucru? Si aici copii nu traiesc mai mult. In secolul trecut, 1870, a fost nefast pentru copii in Europa. pentru ca majoritatea acestor statistici sunt din Europa. Abia spre sfarsitul secolului mai mult de 90% dintre copii supravietuiesc mai mult de un an. Aici vedem India cum apare, cu primele date din India. Si aici sunt Statele Unite indepartandu-se, castigand mai multi bani. Si in curand vom vedea China cum apare in cel mai indepartat colt aici. Si se misca in sus cu Mao Tse-Tung, castigand la sanatate, fara sa devina mai bogati. Aici a murit, apoi Deng Xiaoping aduce bani, si se misca in partea asta. Iar bulele continua sa se miste incolo sus, si asa arata lumea astazi. (Aplauze)
Let us have a look at the United States. We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are." And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background -- I put them up like this, and now we go backwards. And we can see that the United States goes to the right of the mainstream. They are on the money side all the time. And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India -- present, contemporary India. And that means United States was richer, but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally. And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today. The Philippines of today has almost the same economy as the United States during the First World War. But we have to bring United States forward quite a while to find the same health of the United States as we have in the Philippines. About 1957 here, the health of the United States is the same as the Philippines. And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized, is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America, are much more ahead in being healthy, educated, having human resources than they are economically.
Haideti sa ne uitam la Statele Unite. Avem aici o functie - pot spune lumii, "Stai unde esti." Si iau Statele Unite - inca vrem sa mai vedem fundalul - Le pun aici sus asa, si acum mergem inapoi in timp. Si vedem cum Statele Unite se duce spre dreapta fata de majoritate. Sunt pe partea cu bani tot timpul. Si aici jos in 1915, Statele Unite erau langa India - India de acum, India contemporana. Si asta inseamna ca Statele Unite erau mai bogate, dar pierdeau, proportional, mai multi copii decat pierde India acum. Si uitati-va aici - comparata cu Filipine de astazi. Filipine, astazi, are aproape aceeasi economie pe care o aveau Statele Unite in timpul Primului Razboi Mondial. Dar trebuie sa aducem Statele Unite inainte in timp destul de mult ca sa gasim acelasi grad de sanatate in Statele Unite cum avem in Filipine. Aici, in 1957, gradul de sanatate al Statelor Unite e acelasi ca in Filipine. Si asta e drama acestei lumi pe care multi o numesc globalizata, faptul ca Asia, tarile arabe, America Latina, sunt mult mai inaintate in sanatate, educatie, avind resursele umane decat sunt din punct de vedere economic.
There's a discrepancy in what's happening today in the emerging economies. There now, social benefits, social progress, are going ahead of economical progress. And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today. And how long do we have to bring United States to get the same health as Chile has today? I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 -- the United States has the same health as Chile. Chile's catching up! Within some years Chile may have better child survival than the United States. This is really a change, that you have this lag of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.
Aceasta e discrepanta in ceea ce se intimpla astazi in economiile emergente. Acolo, in momentul de fata, beneficiile sociale, progresul social, sunt mai avansate decat progresul economic. Si in 1957 - Statele Unite aveau aceeasi economie ca Chile astazi. Si cat de mult trebuie sa avansam Statele Unite ca sa ajungem la acelasi nivel de sanatate cum are Chile astazi? Cred ca trebuie sa mergem, aici - avem 2001, sau 2002 - Statele Unite au acelasi nivel de sanatate ca Chile astazi.. Chile vine puternic din urma! In cativa e posibil ca Chile sa aiba o rata a supravietuirii infantile mai buna decat Statele Unite. Asta chiar e o schimbare, faptul ca avem aceasta intarziere de, mai mult sau mai putin, 30 - 40 de ani in materie de sanatate.
And behind the health is the educational level. And there's a lot of infrastructure things, and general human resources are there. Now we can take away this -- and I would like to show you the rate of speed, the rate of change, how fast they have gone. And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan. And I want to look at Sweden and the United States. And I'm going to stage a race here between this sort of yellowish Ford here and the red Toyota down there, and the brownish Volvo. (Laughter) And here we go. Here we go. The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see, and the United States Ford is going off-road there. And the Volvo is doing quite fine. This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden -- can you see that? And they are taking over Sweden, and they are now healthier than Sweden. That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota. (Laughter) And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan. They really caught up.
Iar in spatele sanatatii sta nivelul educatiei. Si mai sunt si multe altele legate de infrastructura, si resuresele umane in general. Acum putem sa luam asta de aici - si as vrea sa va arat viteza, rata schimbarii, cat de repede s-au miscat. Si mergem inapoi in 1920, si vreau sa va uitati la Japonia. Si vreau sa va uitati la Suedia si la Statele Unite. Si vom organiza o cursa acum intre Ford-ul asta galben de aici si Toyota cea rosie de aici jos, Si Volvo-ul maroniu. (Rasete) Si am inceput, am inceput. Toyota are un start foarte prost acolo jos, vedeti, iar Statele Unite, Ford, cam ies de pe drum acolo. Iar Volvo-ul se descurca chiar bine. Acesta e razboiul. Toyota a iesit de pe drum de tot, iar acum Toyota revine pe partea mai sanatoasa a Suediei - vedeti? Si depaseste Suedia, iar acum sunt mai sanatosi decat Suedia. Aici e momentul in care mi-am vandut Volvo-ul si mi-am luat o Toyota. (Rasete) Si acum vedeti ca viteza de schimbare a fost extrem de mare in Japonia. Chiar au venit puternic din urma.
And this changes gradually. We have to look over generations to understand it. And let me show you my own sort of family history -- we made these graphs here. And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know? And this is my family. This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born. Sweden was like Sierra Leone today. And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863. And Sweden was like Mozambique. And this is when my grandma was born, 1891. She took care of me as a child, so I'm not talking about statistic now -- now it's oral history in my family. That's when I believe statistics, when it's grandma-verified statistics. (Laughter) I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics. Sweden was like Ghana. It's interesting to see the enormous diversity within sub-Saharan Africa. I told you last year, I'll tell you again, my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I? I'm the Mexican in the family. And my daughter, she was born in Chile, and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore, now the healthiest country on this Earth. It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago, with better child survival. But they're very small, you know? They're so close to the hospital we can never beat them out in these forests. (Laughter) But homage to Singapore.
Dar aceste schimbari sunt graduale. Trebuie sa avem o viziune de mai multe generatii ca sa intelegem. Si sa va arat propria mea istorie de familie - am facut graficele astea de aici. Si aici e acelasi lucru, bani aici jos, si sanatatea, intelegeti? Iar asta e familia mea. Asta e Suedia, 1830, cand stra-stra-bunica mea s-a nascut. Suedia era cum e Sierra Leone astazi. Iar aici e cand stra-bunica mea s-a nascut, 1863. Si Suedia era ca Mozambic. Iar aici e cand bunica mea s-a nascut, 1891. Ea a avut grija de mine cand eram copil, deci nu mai vorbesc despre statistici acum - acum este despre istoria familiei mele. Eu cred in statistici doar intr-un singur mod, atunci cand sunt statistici verificate de bunica. (Rasete) Cred ca e cea mai buna metoda de a verifica statistici istorice. Suedia era ca Ghana. E interesant sa vezi gradul enorm de diversitate din Africa sub-Sahariana. V-am spus-o anul trecut, v-o mai spun odata, mama mea s-a nascut in Egipt, iar eu - eu cine sunt? Eu sunt mexicanul familiei. Si fiica mea, ea s-a nascut in Chile, si neapoata mea s-a nascut in Singapore, acum cea mai sanatoasa tara in lume. A intrecut Suedia acum cam doi sau trei ani, cu o rata de supravietuire infantila mai mare. Dar e o tara foarte mica, doar stiti. Sunt asa de aproape de spital, incat nu ii putem intrece in padurile astea. (Rasete) Dar aduc un omagiu Singapore-lui.
Singapore is the best one. Now this looks also like a very good story. But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story. Because I have to show you one of the other facilities. We can also make the color here represent the variable -- and what am I choosing here? Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita. This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person. And China was emitting 0.6, and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita. And what happens when we moved on? Well, you see the nice story of getting richer and getting healthier -- everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide. There is no one who has done it so far. And we don't have all the updated data any longer, because this is really hot data today. And there we are, 2001.
Singapore sunt cei mai tari, acum. Si asta se pare ca e o poveste foarte buna. Dar, in realitate, nu este atat de simplu, ca e o poveste buna in intregime. Pentru ca trebuie sa va arat una dintre celelalte facilitati. Putem sa facem culoarea sa reprezinte o variabila - si ce aleg eu aici? Emisii de dioxid de carbon, tone metrice per capita. Aici e 1962, si Statele Unite emanau 16 tone de persoana. Si China emana 0,6 iar India emana 0.32 tone per capita. Si ce s-a intamplat cand am avansat in timp? Pai vedeti povestea frumoasa a devenirii mai bogati si mai sanatosi - toata lumea au facut-o cu costul emisiilor de dioxid de carbon. Nu e nimeni care sa nu o fi facut asa pana acum. Si nu avem toate datele la zi pentru ca aceste informatii sunt foarte importante astazi. Si am ajuns in 2001.
And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know, many say now the problem is that the emerging economies, they are getting out too much carbon dioxide. The Minister of the Environment of India said, "Well, you were the one who caused the problem." The OECD countries -- the high-income countries -- they were the ones who caused the climate change. "But we forgive you, because you didn't know it. But from now on, we count per capita. From now on we count per capita. And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."
In discutiile la care am participat cu liderii mondiali, stiti, multi spun ca, acum, problema majora sunt economiile emergente, emit prea mult dioxid de carbon. Ministrul mediului din India a spus: "Pai, voi ati fost cei care ati cauzat problema. tarile membre OECD - tarile cu venituri mari - ele au fost cele care au cauzat schimbarile climatice. Dar va iertam, pentru ca nu ati stiut ce faceti. Dar de acum inainte, vom calcula per capita. De acum vom calcula per capita. Si fiecare e responsabil de emisiile per capita."
This really shows you, we have not seen good economic and health progress anywhere in the world without destroying the climate. And this is really what has to be changed. I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world, but I don't think it's like this. The world is quite a messy place. This we can call Dollar Street. Everyone lives on this street here. What they earn here -- what number they live on -- is how much they earn per day. This family earns about one dollar per day. We drive up the street here, we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day. And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street, and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.
Asta arata de fapt ca nu am vazut un progress economic sau in sanatate solide nicaieri in lume fara a distruge clima. Si de fapt asta trebuie schimbat. Am fost criticat pentru ca v-am aratat o imagine prea pozitiva a lumii, dar eu nu cred ca e asa. Lumea e un loc destul de dezordonat. Putem numi asta Strada Dolarului. Toata lumea locuieste pe aceasta strada. Ce castiga ei aici - numarul la care locuiesc - este de fapt cat castiga pe zi. Familia asta castiga cam un dollar pe zi. Mergem cu masina in sus pe strada, aici, gasim aici o familie care castiga cam doi, trei dolari pe zi. Si mai mergem putin - gasim prima gradina de pe strada aceasta, iar ei castiga intre 10 si 50 de dolari pe zi.
And how do they live? If we look at the bed here, we can see that they sleep on a rug on the floor. This is what poverty line is -- 80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs, the food for the day. This is two to five dollars. You have a bed. And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see. I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see the sofa immediately here. (Laughter) And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there. And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama, you see the family still sitting on the floor there. Although there is a sofa, if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars. It comes beyond here, when you really can get good working conditions in the family. And if you really want to see the difference, you look at the toilet over here. This can change. This can change. These are all pictures and images from Africa, and it can become much better. We can get out of poverty.
Si cum traiesc ei? Daca ne uitam la pat aici, putem vedea ca ei dorm pe pe o carpeta pe podea. Asta inseamna de fapt limita saraciei - 80% din veniturile familiei sunt folosite doar pentru a acoperi nevoile energetice, mancarea pentru ziua in curs. Aici sunt intre 2 si 5 dolari, ai un pat. Aici ai un dormitor mult mai frumos, puteti vedea. Am tinut prezentarea asta pentru Ikea, iar ei au vrut sa putem vedea o canapea exact aici. (Rasete) Si aici e canapeaua, insa va aparea abia de acolo. Si cel mai interesant lucru, cand va duceti acolo si va uitati la panorama, vedeti familia inca stand pe podea, cu toate ca exista o canapea. Daca va uitati in bucatarie, vedeti ca marea diferenta pentru femei nu vine intre 1 si 10 dolari. Vine dupa asta, abia atunci cand ai conditii bune de munca in familie. Si daca chiar vrei sa vezi diferenta, te uiti la toaleta de aici. Acest lucru se poate schimba, asta se poate schimba. Toate aceste imagini sunt din Africa, unde conditiile pot deveni mai bune. Putem iesi din saracie.
My own research has not been in IT or anything like this. I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers who were on the verge of famine. And this is the result of the farmers-needs research. The nice thing here is that you can't see who are the researchers in this picture. That's when research functions in poor societies -- you must really live with the people.
Propriile mele cercetari nu au fost in IT sau ceva asemanator. Am petrecut 20 de ani intervievand fermieri africani care erau la limita foamei. Iar astea sunt rezultatele cercetarii bazate pe nevoile acelor fermieri. Ce e bun aici e ca nu poti vedea cine sunt cercetatorii. Asa e atunci cind cercetarea functioneaza in slujba societatii - chiar trebuie sa traiesti cu oamenii.
When you're in poverty, everything is about survival. It's about having food. And these two young farmers, they are girls now -- because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS -- they discuss with a trained agronomist. This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira, and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant -- the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found. And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice, and that's to survive in poverty. That's one context. Getting out of poverty. The women told us one thing. "Get us technology. We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours. Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour, then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves." Technology will bring you out of poverty, but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty. And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market. But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market. She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market and doesn't have to stay home. And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road. It's also good with credit. Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know. And information will tell her when to go to market with which product. You can do this.
Cand esti sarac, totul se reduce la supravietuire. Totul e sa ai ce manca. Si aceste doua fete fermier - fiindca parintii lor au murit de HIV si SIDA - discuta cu un specialist agronom. Acesta e unul dintre cei mai buni agronomi din Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira, si discuta despre ce fel de manioc vor planta - cel mai bun convertor de raze solare in mancare descoperit pana acum. Si sunt foarte, foarte interesate de a primi sfaturi, si asta inseamna a supravietui in saracie. Acesta e un aspect. Iesirea din saracie. Femeile ne-au spus un singur lucru: "Aduce-ti-ne tehnologie". Detestam mojarul asta, dureaza ore si ore. Adu-ne o moara ca sa ne putem macina faina, si apoi vom putea sa platim pentru restul singure." Tehnologia ne va scoate din saracie, dar e nevoie de o piata ca sa poti iesi din saracie. Si aceasta femeie e foarte fericita acum, ducandu-si produsele la piata. Dar e foarte recunoscatoare pentru banii pubilici investiti in scolarizare pentru ca ea poate acum numara, nu mai poate fi inselata cand ajunge la piata. Vrea sa aiba un copil sanatos, ca sa se poata duce la piata si sa nu fie nevoita sa stea acasa. Si vrea infrastructura - e bine sa ai o strada pavata Se poate face bine si prin credite. Micro-creditele i-au dat o bicicleta, sa stiti. Iar accesul la informatie ii va spune cand si cu ce produs sa se duca la piata. Asta se poate face.
I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that the seemingly impossible is possible. Africa has not done bad. In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe, with a functioning nation and state. I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world during the last 50 years. Because we don't consider where they came from. It's this stupid concept of developing countries that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago, and says that Mozambique did worse. We have to know a little more about the world. I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine. He knows everything. He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything. I only know two types of wine -- red and white. (Laughter) But my neighbor only knows two types of countries -- industrialized and developing. And I know 200, I know about the small data. But you can do that. (Applause)
Experienta mea de 20 de ani in Africa imi spune ca imposibilul e posibil. Africa nu a mers prost. In 50 de ani au progresat de la o situatie pre-medievala la o stare decenta similara cu Europa acum 100 de ani cu natiuni si state functionale. As putea spune ca Africa sub-Sahariana a progresat cel mai mult in lume in ultimii 50 de ani. Pentru ce nu luam in considerare de unde au plecat. E acest concept stupid de tari in curs de dezvlotare care ne pune pe noi, Argentina si Mozambic impreuna, acum 50 de ani, si spune ca Mozambic a mers cel mai prost. Trebuie sa stim ceva mai mult despre lume. Am un vecin care cunoaste 200 de tipuri de vin. Stie tot. Stie numele strugurilor, temperatura si orice altceva. Eu stiu doar doua tipuri de vin - rosu si alb. (Rasete) Dar vecinul meu stie doar doua feluri de tari - industrializate si in dezvoltare. Iar eu stiu 200, eu cunosc datele de amanunt. Dar si voi puteti face asta. (Aplauze)
But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious? You make a PowerPoint, you know? (Laughter) Homage to the Office package, no? What is this, what is this, what am I telling? I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development. Everyone wants your pet thing. If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit. If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization, you love equity between gender. Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on. On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing. We need everything. All these things are important for development, especially when you just get out of poverty and you should go towards welfare.
Dar trebuie sa devin serios. Si cum devii serios? Faci o prezentare in PowerPoint, stiti? (Rasete) Omagiu aduc pachetului Office, nu? Ce e asta, ce e asta, ce spun eu aici? Va spun ca sunt multe aspecte ale dezvoltarii. Fiecare isi iubeste propriile interese. Daca te afli in sectorul corporate, iubesti micro-creditul. Daca lupti intr-o organizatie non-guvernamentala, iubesti egalitatea dintre sexe. Sau daca esti profesor, iubesti UNESCO, si asa mai departe. La nivel global, trebuie sa avem in vedere mai mult decat propriile interse. Trebuie sa avem in vedere totul. Toate aceste lucruri sunt importante pentru dezvoltare, mai ales atunci cand abia ai iesit din saracie si ar trebui sa te indrepti spre bunastare.
Now, what we need to think about is, what is a goal for development, and what are the means for development? Let me first grade what are the most important means. Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor, is the most important thing for development because it explains 80 percent of survival. Governance. To have a government which functions -- that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850. It was the government that made law function finally. Education, human resources are important. Health is also important, but not that much as a mean. Environment is important. Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.
Lurucurile la care trebuie sa na gandim acum sunt: care este scopul dezvoltarii si care sunt metodele acestei dezvoltari? Vreau sa evaluez mai intai care sunt cele mai importante metode. Cresterea economica, pentru mine, ca profesor de sanatate publica, este cel mai important lucru pentru dezvoltare, pentru ca sta la baza a 80% din supravietuire. Administrare. A avea un guvern care functioneaza - asta a scos California din mizerie in 1850. Guvernul a fost cel care a facut legea sa functioneze, in final. Educatia, resursele umane sunt si ele importante. Sanatatea este deasemeni importanta, dar nu asa de mult ca o metoda. Mediul e important. Drepturile omului sunt si ele importante, dar primeste doar un punct.
Now what about goals? Where are we going toward? We are not interested in money. Money is not a goal. It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal. Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing, but it's not a goal. And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean. Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy -- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy. And that's good, it gets two plusses. Environment is very, very crucial. There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up. But where are the important goals? Of course, it's human rights. Human rights is the goal, but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development. And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say, because that's what brings joy to life. That's the value of living.
Dar telurile? Catre ce mergem inainte? Nu ne intereseaza banii. Banii nu sunt un tel. E cea mai buna metoda, dar ii dau zero puncte ca tel. Administratia, pai e amuzant sa votezi pentru ceva putin important, insa nu e un tel. Si mersul la scoala, acesta nu e un tel, e o metoda. Pentru sanatate dau doua puncte. Chiar e bine sa fii sanatos - cel putin la varsta mea - poti sa stai aici, esti sanatos. Si asta e bine, primeste 2 plusuri. Mediul este foarte, foarte important. Nu va mai fi nimic pentru nepoti daca nu salvam ceva. Dar care sunt telurile cele mai importante? Bineinteles, sunt drepturile omului. Drepturile omului e telul, dar nu e o metoda destul de puternica pentru a realiza dezvoltarea. Si cultura. Cultura este cel mai important lucru, as spune, fiindca ea aduce bucurie in viata. Aceasta e valoarea vietii.
So the seemingly impossible is possible. Even African countries can achieve this. And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible. And remember, please remember my main message, which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible. We can have a good world. I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint, and I think I will convince you also by culture. (Laughter) (Applause) Bring me my sword! Sword swallowing is from ancient India. It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious. (Laughter) And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel -- this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850, in the last year we had war. And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here. And I'm going to take this blade of steel, and push it down through my body of blood and flesh, and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible. Can I request a moment of absolute silence? (Applause)
Astfel incat ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil. Chiar si tarile africane pot obtine asta. Si v-am aratat poza in care ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil. Si nu uitati, va rog sa nu uitati mesajul meu principal, care e acesta: ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil. Putem avea o lume buna. V-am aratat pozele, am dovedit asta in Powerpoint, si cred ca va voi convinge si prin cultura. (Rasete) (Aplauze) Aduceti-mi sabia! Inghititul de sabii vine din vechea Indie. Este o exprimare culturala care, de mii de ani, a inspirat oamenii sa gandeasca dincolo de ceea ce e evident. (Rasete) Si va voi demonstra ca ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil. Voi lua aceasta bucata de otel - otel solid aceasta e baioneta Armatei Suedeze, 1850, in ultimul an in care a fost razboi. Si e toata din otel - puteti auzi aici. Si voi lua aceasta lama din otel, si o voi impinge prin corpul meu facut din sange si carne, si va voi dovedi ca ceea ce pare imposibil e posibil. Va cer un moment de tacere completa! (Aplauze)