Can I say how delighted I am to be away from the calm of Westminster and Whitehall? (Laughter)
¿Podo dicir o encantado que estou de estar alonxado da calma de Westminster e Whitehall?
This is Kim, a nine-year-old Vietnam girl, her back ruined by napalm, and she awakened the conscience of the nation of America to begin to end the Vietnam War. This is Birhan, who was the Ethiopian girl who launched Live Aid in the 1980s, 15 minutes away from death when she was rescued, and that picture of her being rescued is one that went round the world. This is Tiananmen Square. A man before a tank became a picture that became a symbol for the whole world of resistance. This next is the Sudanese girl, a few moments from death, a vulture hovering in the background, a picture that went round the world and shocked people into action on poverty. This is Neda, the Iranian girl who was shot while at a demonstration with her father in Iran only a few weeks ago, and she is now the focus, rightly so, of the YouTube generation.
Esta é Kim, unha nena vietnamita de nove anos coas costas queimadas polo Napalm ela espertou a conciencia da nación americana pra comenzar o fin da Guerra do Vietnam Esta é Birhan, que foi a nena etíope que lanzou a campaña Live Aid nos oitenta a 15 minutos de morrer cando foi rescatada e esta foto do seu rescate circulou por todo o mundo Esta é a praza de Tiananmen un home diante dun tanque converteuse nunha foto que voltouse nun símbolo da resistencia pra todo o mundo A seguinte é unha nena sudanesa uns intres antes de morrer e no fondo agardando un voitre unha foto que percorreu o mundo e levou á xente a actuar contra a pobreza Esta é Neda, a nena iraniana que morreu dun disparo nunha manifestación co seu pai no Irán, hai unhas semanas e hoxe é, xustamente, o foco de atención da xeración YouTube
And what do all these pictures and events have in common? What they have in common is what we see unlocks what we cannot see. What we see unlocks the invisible ties and bonds of sympathy that bring us together to become a human community. What these pictures demonstrate is that we do feel the pain of others, however distantly. What I think these pictures demonstrate is that we do believe in something bigger than ourselves. What these pictures demonstrate is that there is a moral sense across all religions, across all faiths, across all continents -- a moral sense that not only do we share the pain of others, and believe in something bigger than ourselves but we have a duty to act when we see things that are wrong that need righted, see injuries that need to be corrected, see problems that need to be rectified.
¿Qué teñen todas estas fotos e eventos en común? o que teñen en común é o que vemos revélanos o que non podemos ver O que vemos revélanos os lazos invisibles e ligazóns de simpatía que nos unen pra convertírmonos nunha comunidade humana O que estas fotos amosan é que sentimos a dor dos outros inda que estean lonxe O que penso que estas fotos amosan é que cremos nalgo máis grande ca nós mesmos O que estas fotos amosan é que hai un sentido moral en tódalas relixións, en tódalas fes, en tódolos continentes -- un sentido moral de que compartimos non só a dor dos outros e cremos nalgo máis grande ca nós mesmos senón que temos a obriga de actuar cando vemos cousas que son incorrectas e necesitan ser endereitadas vemos danos que teñen que ser corrixidos vemos problemas que teñen que ser rectificados
There is a story about Olof Palme, the Swedish Prime Minister, going to see Ronald Reagan in America in the 1980s. Before he arrived Ronald Reagan said -- and he was the Swedish Social Democratic Prime Minister -- "Isn’t this man a communist?" The reply was, "No, Mr President, he’s an anti-communist." And Ronald Reagan said, "I don’t care what kind of communist he is!" (Laughter) Ronald Reagan asked Olof Palme, the Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden, "Well, what do you believe in? Do you want to abolish the rich?" He said, "No, I want to abolish the poor." Our responsibility is to let everyone have the chance to realize their potential to the full.
Hai unha historia sobre Olof Palme, o Primeiro ministro sueco cando foi ver a Ronald Reagan a America nos oitenta Antes de que él chegara Ronald Reagan dixo -- e él era o Primeiro ministro sueco "¿Non é este home un comunista?" A resposta foi: "Non, Señor Presidente, él é un anti-comunista." E Ronald Reagan dixo: " Non me importa que clase de comunista sexa!" (Risas) Ronald Reagan preguntoulle a Olof Palme ó Primeiro ministro Social Demócrata Sueco "Ben ¿e vostede en que cree? ¿Quere abolir ós ricos?" Él Contestoulle "Non, eu quero abolir ós pobres" A nosa responsabilidade é permitir que todos teñan a oportunidade de desenvolver o seu potencial por completo©
I believe there is a moral sense and a global ethic that commands attention from people of every religion and every faith, and people of no faith. But I think what's new is that we now have the capacity to communicate instantaneously across frontiers right across the world. We now have the capacity to find common ground with people who we will never meet, but who we will meet through the Internet and through all the modern means of communication; that we now have the capacity to organize and take collective action together to deal with the problem or an injustice that we want to deal with; and I believe that this makes this a unique age in human history, and it is the start of what I would call the creation of a truly global society.
Eu creo que existe un sentido moral e unha ética global que merece a atención da xente de calquera relixión, de calqueira fe e da xente sen fe. Pero eu creo que o que é diferente é que agora temos a capacidade de comunicarnos instantáneamente cruzando fronteiras por todo o mundo Temos agora a capacidade de atopar unha razón común con xente que nunca coñeceremos pero que coñeceremos a través do Internet e a través de tódolos medios modernos de comunicación que agora temos a capacidade de organizar e actuar colectivamente, xuntos pra afrontar os problemas ou as inxustizas que queiramos tratar, e eu creo que isto fai desta época un momento único na historia humana e é o comezo do que eu chamaría a creación dunha verdadeira sociedade global
Go back 200 years when the slave trade was under pressure from William Wilberforce and all the protesters. They protested across Britain. They won public opinion over a long period of time. But it took 24 years for the campaign to be successful. What could they have done with the pictures that they could have shown if they were able to use the modern means of communication to win people’s hearts and minds?
Retornemos 200 anos atrás cando o comercio de escravos estaba baixo presión de William Wilberforce e todolos manifestantes. Protestaron por toda Gran Bretaña. Gañaronse a opinión pública por un largo periodo, pero levoulles 24 anos de campaña para alcanzar o éxito. ¿Qué terían feito coas fotos que poderían amosar se tivesen a súa disposición os medios modernos de comunicación pra gañarse os corazóns e as mentes da xente?
Or if you take Eglantyne Jebb, the woman who created Save the Children 90 years ago. She was so appalled by what was happening in Austria as a result of the First World War and what was happening to children who were part of the defeated families of Austria, that in Britain she wanted to take action, but she had to go house to house, leaflet to leaflet, to get people to attend a rally in the Royal Albert Hall that eventually gave birth to Save the Children, an international organization that is now fully recognized as one of the great institutions in our land and in the world. But what more could she have done if she’d had the modern means of communications available to her to create a sense that the injustice that people saw had to be acted upon immediately?
Ou vexan a Eglantyne Jebb, a muller que creou "Save the Children" hai 90 anos, Ela estaba tan arrepiada do que estaba a acontecer en Austria como consecuencia da Primeira Guerra Mundial e do que lle estaba acontecendo ós nenos que eran parte das familias derrotadas de Austria que en Gran Bretaña quixo actuar, pero tivo que ir de casa en casa, de folleto en folleto, pra acadar a atención do publico pra que acudira a unha concentración no teatro Royal Albert Hall e co tempo naceu "Save the Children", unha organización internacional que hoxe é totalmente recoñecida como unha das grandes institucións na nosa terra e no mundo. ¿Pero canto máis tería feito se tivese os medios modernos de comunicación a súa disposición pra xerar o sentimento no que as inxustizas que vía a xente puidesen ser afrontadas inmediatamente?
Now look at what’s happened in the last 10 years. In Philippines in 2001, President Estrada -- a million people texted each other about the corruption of that regime, eventually brought it down and it was, of course, called the "coup de text." (Laughter) Then you have in Zimbabwe the first election under Robert Mugabe a year ago. Because people were able to take mobile phone photographs of what was happening at the polling stations, it was impossible for that Premier to fix that election in the way that he wanted to do. Or take Burma and the monks that were blogging out, a country that nobody knew anything about that was happening, until these blogs told the world that there was a repression, meaning that lives were being lost and people were being persecuted and Aung San Suu Kyi, who is one of the great prisoners of conscience of the world, had to be listened to. Then take Iran itself, and what people are doing today: following what happened to Neda, people who are preventing the security services of Iran finding those people who are blogging out of Iran, any by everybody who is blogging, changing their address to Tehran, Iran, and making it difficult for the security services.
Agora vexamos o que sucedeu nos últimos dez anos Nas Filipinas no 2001, Presidente Estrada un millón de persoas enviáronse mensaxes de texto sobre a corrupción do rexime que co tempo caeu e foi chamado, por suposto, o "golpe do texto" Tamén teñen a Zimbawe, a primeira elección baixo Robert Mugabe, fai un ano, Debido a que a xente puido tomar fotos cos seus mobiles do que estaba acontecendo nos postos electorais, foi imposible que o primer ministro arranxara as eleccións na forma que quería facelo. Ou vexan Burma e os monxes que estiveron blogeando, un país onde ninguen sabía o que estaba a acontecer ata que os blogs dixéronlle ó mundo da represión existente, que estábanse a perder vidas e que a xente estaba sendo perseguida e de Aung San Suu Kyi que é unha das grandes encadeadas de concencia do mundo, que tiña que ser escoitada. Vexamos o Irán mesmo e o que a xente esta facendo agora, seguindo o que lle aconteceu a Neda, a xente que estan a evitar que os servizos de seguridade de Irán atopen as persoas que estan a bloguear fora de Irán, cambiando os seus enderezos a Teherán, Irán e facendo a vida difícil ós servizos de seguridade.
Take, therefore, what modern technology is capable of: the power of our moral sense allied to the power of communications and our ability to organize internationally.
Polo tanto, vexamos do que é capaz a tecnoloxía moderna: O poder do noso sentido moral ligado co poder das comunicacións e da nosa capacidade de organizármonos internacionalmente
That, in my view, gives us the first opportunity as a community to fundamentally change the world. Foreign policy can never be the same again. It cannot be run by elites; it’s got to be run by listening to the public opinions of peoples who are blogging, who are communicating with each other around the world. 200 years ago the problem we had to solve was slavery. 150 years ago I suppose the main problem in a country like ours was how young people, children, had the right to education. 100 years ago in most countries in Europe, the pressure was for the right to vote. 50 years ago the pressure was for the right to social security and welfare. In the last 50-60 years we have seen fascism, anti-Semitism, racism, apartheid, discrimination on the basis of sex and gender and sexuality; all these have come under pressure because of the campaigns that have been run by people to change the world.
Iso, dende o meu punto de vista, danos a primeira oportunidade como comunidade de cambiar fundamentalmente o mundo A política exterior xa non pode ser a mesma de novo.Non pode ser xestionada polas elites; debe ser xestionada escoitando a opinión pública da xente que esta a bloguear que esta a se comunicar cos seus semellantes ó redor do mundo. Hai 200 anos o problema que tiñamos que resolver era a escravitude; Hai 150 anos,supoño que o problema principal dun país como o noso♪ era como cumprir co dereito á educación pra os nenos e a xente nova: hai 100 anos na maioría dos paises europeos, a presión era pra acadar o dereito ó voto hai 50 anos anos a presión era pra obter o dereito á seguridade social e ó benestar Nos últimos 50-60 anos vimos fascismo, antisemitismo, racismo, apartheid, discriminación de sexo, xénero e sexualidade; todos estes teñen estado baixo presión debido ás campañas da xente para cambialo mundo.
I was with Nelson Mandela a year ago, when he was in London. I was at a concert that he was attending to mark his birthday and for the creation of new resources for his foundation. I was sitting next to Nelson Mandela -- I was very privileged to do so -- when Amy Winehouse came onto the stage. (Laughter) And Nelson Mandela was quite surprised at the appearance of the singer and I was explaining to him at the time who she was. Amy Winehouse said, "Nelson Mandela and I have a lot in common. My husband too has spent a long time in prison." (Laughter) Nelson Mandela then went down to the stage and he summarized the challenge for us all. He said in his lifetime he had climbed a great mountain, the mountain of challenging and then defeating racial oppression and defeating apartheid. He said that there was a greater challenge ahead, the challenge of poverty, of climate change -- global challenges that needed global solutions and needed the creation of a truly global society.
Hai un ano estiven con Nelson Mandela cando estivo en Londres, Estaba nun concerto ó que él asistía co motivo do seu aniversario e pra a xeración de novos recursos pra a súa fundación. Estaba sentado a carón de Nelson Mandela --tiña ese enorme privilexio -- cando Amy Winehouse achegouse ó estrado e Nelson Mandela estaba bastante abraiado da aparición da cantante e expliqueille nese momento quen era ela. Amy Winehouse dixo: "Nelson Mandela e mais eu temos moito en común. Meu esposo tamén pasou moito tempo na cadea" (Risas) Entón Nelson Mandela acudiu ó escenario e resumiu o reto que temos todos. Dixo que na súa vida escalara unha gran montaña, a montaña de retar e logo vencer a opresión racial e derrotar ó apartheid. Agregou que había por diante desafíos máis grandes, o desafío da pobreza, do cambio climático e dos retos globais que necesitan solucións globais e necesitan da creación dunha sociedade auténticamente global.
We are the first generation which is in a position to do this. Combine the power of a global ethic with the power of our ability to communicate and organize globally, with the challenges that we now face, most of which are global in their nature. Climate change cannot be solved in one country, but has got to be solved by the world working together. A financial crisis, just as we have seen, could not be solved by America alone or Europe alone; it needed the world to work together. Take the problems of security and terrorism and, equally, the problem of human rights and development: they cannot be solved by Africa alone; they cannot be solved by America or Europe alone. We cannot solve these problems unless we work together.
Somos a primeira xeración que está na posición de facelo, Combinar o poder dunha ética global co poder da nosa capacidade pra comunicarnos e organizármonos globalmente pra afrontar os retos actuais, moitos dos cales son de natureza global. O cambio climático non pode solucionarse nun país soamente senón que ten que ser solucionado por todo o mundo traballando xunto. Unha crisis financeira, tal como a vimos, non pode ser resolta polos Estados Unidos ou Europa soamente; necesita todo o mundo traballando en conxunto. Vexamos os problemas de seguridade e terrorismo e, igualmente, o problema dos dereitos humanos e o desenvolvemento: África soa non os pode solucionar; Estados Unidos ou Europa sós non os poden solucionar. Non podemos solucionar estes problemas a menos que traballemos xuntos.
So the great project of our generation, it seems to me, is to build for the first time, out of a global ethic and our global ability to communicate and organize together, a truly global society, built on that ethic but with institutions that can serve that global society and make for a different future. We have now, and are the first generation with, the power to do this. Take climate change. Is it not absolutely scandalous that we have a situation where we know that there is a climate change problem, where we know also that that will mean we have to give more resources to the poorest countries to deal with that, when we want to create a global carbon market, but there is no global institution that people have been able to agree upon to deal with this problem? One of the things that has got to come out of Copenhagen in the next few months is an agreement that there will be a global environmental institution that is able to deal with the problems of persuading the whole of the world to move along a climate-change agenda.
Entón o gran proxecto da noxa xeración, paréceme, é construir por primeira vez dende unha ética global e a nosa capacidade global de comunicación e de organización conxunta, unha sociedade auténticamente global, construida sobre esa ética pero con institucións que poidan servir á sociedade global e fagan un futuro diferente. Hoxe temos, e somos a primeira xeración, o poder de facelo. Consideremos o cambio climático. Non é absolutamente escandaloso que teñamos unha situación na que sabemos que hai un problema de cambio climático na que todos sabemos tamén que isto significa que debemos dar máis recursos ós países máis pobres pra que lle fagan fronte, na que queremos crear un mercado do carbón global, pero non existe unha institución global na que a xente poida alcanzar un acordo para afrontar este problema? Unha das cousas que debe xurdir de Copenhague nos próximos meses é un acordo pra que haxa unha institución medioambiental global que sexa capaz de afrontar ós problemas de persuadir a todo o mundo de avanzar cunha axenda de cambio climático.
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One of the reasons why an institution is not in itself enough is that we have got to persuade people around the world to change their behavior as well, so you need that global ethic of fairness and responsibility across the generations. Take the financial crisis. If people in poorer countries can be hit by a crisis that starts in New York or starts in the sub-prime market of the United States of America. If people can find that that sub-prime product has been transferred across nations many, many times until it ends up in banks in Iceland or the rest in Britain, and people's ordinary savings are affected by it, then you cannot rely on a system of national supervision. You need in the long run for stability, for economic growth, for jobs, as well as for financial stability, global economic institutions that make sure that growth to be sustained has to be shared, and are built on the principle that the prosperity of this world is indivisible.
Unha das razóns polas que unha institución soa non é suficiente é que temos que persuadir á xente ó redor do mundo pra cambiar o seu comportamiento tamén, polo tanto necesítase unha ética global de xustiza e responsabilidade en todalas xeracións. Consideremos a crise financeira Se a xente dos paises máis pobres poden sufrir por unha crise que comeza en Nova york ou comeza no mercado dos créditos "subprime" nos Estados Unidos Se a xente pode atopar que ese producto "subprime" foi transferido entre as nacións moitas, moitas veces ata rematar nos bancos de Islandia ou no resto da Gran Bretaña e os aforros da xente común vense afectados por elo entón non se pode confiar nun sistema de supervisión nacional. Pra ter estabilidade, crecimento económico, traballos, así como estabilidade financeira a largo prazo, requírense institucións económicas globais que aseguren que o crecemento a soster sexa compartido e construido sobre o principio de que a prosperidade deste mundo é indivisible.
So another challenge for our generation is to create global institutions that reflect our ideas of fairness and responsibility, not the ideas that were the basis of the last stage of financial development over these recent years. Then take development and take the partnership we need between our countries and the rest of the world, the poorest part of the world. We do not have the basis of a proper partnership for the future, and yet, out of people’s desire for a global ethic and a global society that can be done.
Polo tanto, outro reto pra nosa xeración é crear institucións globais que reflictan as nosas ideas de xustiza e responsabilidade e non as ideas que foron a base da última etapa do desenvolvemento financeiro durante estes anos recentes. Entón consideremos o desenvolvemento e as asociacións que necesitamos entre os nosos países e o resto do mundo, a parte máis pobre do mundo. Non temos as bases dunha asociación apropiada pra o futuro, e nembargantes, do desexo da xente dunha ética global e unha sociedade global se pode facer.
I have just been talking to the President of Sierra Leone. This is a country of six and a half million people, but it has only 80 doctors; it has 200 nurses; it has 120 midwives. You cannot begin to build a healthcare system for six million people with such limited resources.
Falaba recentemente co Presidente de Serra Leona, Este é un país con seis millóns e medio de habitantes, pero só teñen 80 doutores, 200 enfermeiras e 120 parteiras. Non se pode comezar a construir un sistema de saude pra seis millóns de persoas con recursos tan limitados.
Or take the girl I met when I was in Tanzania, a girl called Miriam. She was 11 years old; her parents had both died from AIDS, her mother and then her father. She was an AIDS orphan being handed across different extended families to be cared for. She herself was suffering from HIV; she was suffering from tuberculosis. I met her in a field, she was ragged, she had no shoes. When you looked in her eyes, any girl at the age of eleven is looking forward to the future, but there was an unreachable sadness in that girl’s eyes and if I could have translated that to the rest of the world for that moment, I believe that all the work that it had done for the global HIV/AIDS fund would be rewarded by people being prepared to make donations.
Ou consideren a nena que coñecín cando estiven en Tanzania, unha nena chamada Miriam; tiña 11 anos e os seus pais morreran os dous de SIDA, a súa nai e logo o seu pai Era unha orfa do SIDA que pasara por diferentes familias pra o seu cuidado. Ela mesma sufría do VIH, e padecía tuberculose. A coñecín nun campo, en farrapos, sen zapatos, cando a miras ós ollos, calquera nena de once anos está a esperar o futuro, pero había unha tristeza inalcanzable nos ollos desta nena que si eu puidese traducir ó resto o do mundo ese momento, Eu creo que todo o traballo que se fixera polo fondo global do VIH/SIDA veríase recompensado por xente disposta a facer donacións.
We must then build a proper relationship between the richest and the poorest countries based on our desire that they are able to fend for themselves with the investment that is necessary in their agriculture, so that Africa is not a net importer of food, but an exporter of food.
Debemos entón construir una relación axeitada entre os países máis ricos e os máis pobres basada no noso desexo de que poidan valerse por sí mesmos coa inversión que sexa necesaria na súa agricultura, de modo que África non sexa un importador neto de alimentos senón un exportador de alimentos.
Take the problems of human rights and the problems of security in so many countries around the world. Burma is in chains, Zimbabwe is a human tragedy, in Sudan thousands of people have died unnecessarily for wars that we could prevent. In the Rwanda Children's Museum, there is a photograph of a 10-year-old boy and the Children's Museum is commemorating the lives that were lost in the Rwandan genocide where a million people died.
Consideremos os problemas dos dereitos humanos e os problemas de seguridade en tantos países ó redor do mundo. Burma está encadeada, Zimbawe é unha traxedia humana, no Sudán miles de persoas morreron innecesariamente por guerras que poderíamos evitar. No Museo Infantil de Ruanda, hai unha fotografía dun neno de 10 anos e o Museo Infantil conmemora as vidas que se perderon no xenocidio de Ruanda no que morreron un millón de persoas.
There is a photograph of a boy called David. Beside that photograph there is the information about his life. It said "David, age 10." David: ambition to be a doctor. Favorite sport: football. What did he enjoy most? Making people laugh. How did he die? Tortured to death. Last words said to his mother who was also tortured to death: "Don't worry. The United Nations are coming." And we never did.
Hai unha fotografía dun neno chamado David, ó carón da fotografía hai información da súa vida, que dí: "David, idade 10 anos." David, a súa ambición: ser doutor. Deporte favorito: futbol ¿qué lle gustaba máis? Facer rir á xente, ¿cómo morreu? Torturado a morte. As últimas palabras que lle dixo a súa nai que tamén foi torturada ata morrer: "No te preocupes, as Nacións Unidas van chegar." e nunca o fixemos
And that young boy believed our promises that we would help people in difficulty in Rwanda, and we never did.
E este rapaz creu nas nosas promesas, que axudaríamos á xente en dificultades en Ruanda, e nunca o fixemos.
So we have got to create in this world also institutions for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid, but also for reconstruction and security for some of the conflict-ridden states of the world. So my argument today is basically this. We have the means by which we could create a truly global society. The institutions of this global society can be created by our endeavors. That global ethic can infuse the fairness and responsibility that is necessary for these institutions to work, but we should not lose the chance in this generation, in this decade in particular, with President Obama in America, with other people working with us around the world, to create global institutions for the environment, and for finance, and for security and for development, that make sense of our responsibility to other peoples, our desire to bind the world together, and our need to tackle problems that everybody knows exist.
Entón non só temos que crear neste mundo institucións pra manter a paz e de axuda humanitaria, senón tamen de reconstrucción e seguridade pra algúns dos estados cheos de conflictos no mundo. Polo tanto o meu argumento hoxe é fundamentalmente este: Temos os medios cos que podemos crear unha auténtica sociedade global. Con nosos esforzos podemos crear as institucións desta sociedade global; Que a ética global pode infundir a xustiza e responsabilidade que é necesaria pra que estas institucións funcionen pero non debemos perder a oportunidade nesta xeración, nesta década en particular, co Presidente Obama nos Estados unidos, e con outra xente traballando con nos ó redor do mundo pra crear institucións globais pra o medioambiente, pra as finanzas e pra a seguridade e o desenvolvemento, que dean sentido a nosa responsabilidade cara as outras personas, o noso desexo de concilialo mundo e a nosa necesidade de afrontar os problemas que todos sabemos que existen.
It is said that in Ancient Rome that when Cicero spoke to his audiences, people used to turn to each other and say about Cicero, "Great speech." But it is said that in Ancient Greece when Demosthenes spoke to his audiences, people turned to each other and didn’t say "Great speech." They said, "Let's march." We should be marching towards a global society. Thank you.
Dise que na Roma Antiga, cando Cicerón dirixíase a súa audiencia, a xente mirábase entre sí e dicían de Ciceron: "Gran discurso." Mais dise que na Grecia antiga cando Demóstenes dirixíase a súa audiencia, a xente mirábanse e non dicían: "Gran discurso" dicían: "Imos logo" Debemos ir tamén nós cara a unha sociedade global. Gracias.
(Applause)
Aplausos