Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do." I don't have children. I borrow my friends' children, so --
Dobro došli na govor „Pet opasnih stvari koje treba da dozvolite svojoj deci da rade“. Ja nemam decu. Pozajmljujem decu svojih prijatelja,
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
take all this advice with a grain of salt. I'm Gever Tulley. I'm a contract computer scientist by trade, but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School. It's a summer program which aims to help kids learn how to build the things that they think of. So we build a lot of things, and I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders. So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School, they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody.
pa nemojte uzeti ovaj savet zdravo za gotovo. Zovem se Gever Tali. Radim na projektima kao informatičar, ali sam osnivač nečega što se zove „Škola za majstorisanje“. To je letnji program koji teži da pomogne deci da nauče kako da naprave stvari koje su zamislili. Pravimo mnogo stvari i stavljam električni alat u ruke sedmogodišnjaka. Ako razmišljate da pošaljete svoje dete u „Školu za majstorisanje“, deca se zaista vraćaju kući u modricama, izgrebana i krvava.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
You know, we live in a world that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations. There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy child safety regulations can get. We put suffocation warnings on every piece of plastic film manufactured in the United States, or for sale with an item in the United States. We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us that the contents may be hot. And we seem to think that any item sharper than a golf ball is too sharp for children under the age of 10.
Vidite, živimo u svetu koji je sve izloženiji strogim propisima po pitanju bezbednosti dece. Izgleda da ne postoji granica koliko sumanuti propisi o bezbednosti dece postaju. Stavljamo upozorenja o gušenju na svaki komadić plastičnog omotača proizvedenog u Sjedinjenim Državama ili namenjenog za prodaju uz neki artikal u SAD-u. Stavljamo upozorenja na šolje za kafu da nam kažu da sadržaj može biti vreo. Izgleda da mislimo da je bilo koji predmet oštriji od loptice za golf suviše oštar za decu mlađu od deset godina.
So where does this trend stop? When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object, every pokey bit in the world, then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp, or not made out of round plastic, they'll hurt themselves with it. So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone grow ever smaller, we cut off our children from valuable opportunities to learn how to interact with the world around them. And despite all of our best efforts and intentions, kids are always going to figure out how to do the most dangerous thing they can, in whatever environment they can.
Gde je kraj ovome? Ako obložimo svaki ćošak i sklonimo svaki oštar predmet, svaki šiljast komadić na svetu, kada deca po prvi put dođu u kontakt sa bilo čim oštrim ili nečim što nije napravljeno od zaobljene plastike, povrediće se. Stoga, kako se granice onoga što određujemo kao bezbednu zonu sve više smanjuju, lišavamo našu decu dragocenih prilika da nauče kako da komuniciraju sa svetom oko sebe. Uprkos svim našim najboljim namerama i trudu, deca će uvek prokljuviti kako da urade najopasniju moguću stvar u bilo kom mogućem okruženju.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety, and about some simple things that we can do to raise our kids to be creative, confident and in control of the environment around them. And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress. The book is called "50 Dangerous Things." This is "Five Dangerous Things."
Uprkos ovom provokativnom naslovu, ova prezentacija je zaista o bezbednosti i o nekim jednostavnim stvarima koje možemo da uradimo da odgojimo decu da budu kreativna, sigurna u sebe i da kontrolišu svoju okolinu. Ono što vam sada predstavljam je odlomak iz knjige na kojoj radim. Knjiga se zove „Pedeset opasnih stvari“. Ovo je „Pet opasnih stvari“.
Thing number one: Play with fire. Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history. Whether we remember it or not, it's the first time we really get control of one of these mysterious things. These mysteries are only revealed to those who get the opportunity to play with it. So, playing with fire. This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire. From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire, about intake, combustion, exhaust. These are the three working elements of fire that you have to have for a good, controlled fire. And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory. You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it. Let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me, they're going to learn things that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.
Prva stvar - igranje sa vatrom. Učenje kako da se kontroliše jedna od najosnovnih sila u prirodi je najznačajniji trenutak u ličnom razvoju bilo kog deteta. Bez obzira na to da li se toga sećamo ili ne, taj trenutak nastupa kada prvi put zaista steknemo kontrolu nad jednom od ovih misterioznih pojava. Ove misterije se otkrivaju samo onima koji dobiju priliku da se igraju sa vatrom. Dakle, igranje sa vatrom. Jedna od sjajnih stvari koju smo ikada otkrili je vatra. Igrajući se sa njom deca uče osnovne principe vezane za vatru: paljenje, sagorevanje i gašenje. Ovo su tri sastavna dela vatre koja su neophodna za dobru i kontrolisanu vatru. Vatru na otvorenom možete smatrati laboratorijom. Ne znate šta ćete naučiti igrajući se sa vatrom. Pustite ih da se zabavljaju sa njom na svoj način i, verujte mi, naučiće stvari koje ne mogu naučiti igrajući se sa igračkama „Dora istražuje“.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Number two: Own a pocketknife. Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness, which I think is a terrible thing.
Broj dva - posedovanje džepnog noža. Džepni noževi nekako nestaju iz naše kulturološke svesti, što mislim da je užasno.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that you're given. You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar, it's a screwdriver and it's a blade, yeah. And it's a powerful and empowering tool. And in a lot of cultures they give knives -- like, as soon as they're toddlers, they have knives. These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber. I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10, and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives. And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self through a tool at a very young age. You lay down a couple of very simple rules -- always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it -- and these are things kids can understand and practice with. And yeah, they're going to cut themselves. I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself. But you know, they're young. They heal fast.
Vaš prvi džepni nož je nalik prvoj univerzalnoj alatki koju dobijate. Vidite, to je špatula, poluga, šrafciger i sečivo. To je moćan alat koji vam daje snagu. U mnogim kulturama deci daju noževe čim napune jednu godinu. Ovo su inuitska deca koja seku kitovo salo. Ovo sam prvi put video sa deset godina u filmu Kanadskog filmskog odbora i na mene je ostavilo trajan utisak to što sam video da se bebe igraju noževima. To pokazuje da deca mogu razviti bolje razumevanje sebe koristeći alat u ranom uzrastu. Postavite nekoliko veoma jednostavnih pravila: uvek secite od sebe, održavajte oštricu naoštrenom i nikada ne secite na silu, što su stvari koje deca mogu da razumeju i vežbaju. Da, poseći će se. Imam nekoliko groznih ožiljaka na nogama od uboda. Ali, znate već, mladi su. Brzo se oporave.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Number three: Throw a spear. It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things, and like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain, they tend to atrophy over time. But when you exercise them, any given muscle adds strength to the whole system, and that applies to your brain, too. So practicing throwing things has been shown to stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes, which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding, and structural problem solving, so it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability. And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill, so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training. These kinds of target-based practices also help kids develop attention and concentration skills, so those are great.
Broj tri - bacanje koplja. Ispostavlja se da je naš mozak, u stvari, predodređen za bacanje stvari, i kao sa mišićima, ako ne koristite delove svoga mozga, oni obično atrofiraju nakon nekog vremena. Ali, kada ih koristite, svaki pojedinačni mišić dodaje snagu celom sistemu, a to važi i za vaš mozak, takođe. Dokazano je da upražnjavanje bacanja stvari stimuliše frontalne i parijetalne režnjeve, koji su odgovorni za oštrinu vida, razumevanje trodimenzionalnih prikaza i rešavanje strukturalnih problema, tako da to pomaže razvoj veština zamišljanja i predviđanja kod dece. Bacanje predstavlja kombinaciju analitičke i fizičke veštine, tako da je veoma dobro za tu vrstu vežbanja celog tela. Ove vrste vežbi sa gađanjem mete takođe pomažu deci da razviju pažnju i koncentraciju, što ih čini odličnim vežbama.
Number [four]: Deconstruct appliances. There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher. Next time you're about to throw out an appliance, don't throw it out. Take it apart with your kid, or send him to my school, and we'll take it apart with them. Even if you don't know what the parts are, puzzling out what they might be for is a really good practice for the kids to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart, and no matter how complex they are, they can understand parts of them. And that means that eventually, they can understand all of them. It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable. So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted are actually complex things made by other people, and you can understand them.
Broj četiri - rastavljanje uređaja. Postoji mnoštvo zanimljivih stvari unutar vaše mašine za pranje sudova. Kada sledeći put hoćete da izbacite uređaj, nemojte to učiniti. Rastavite ga sa svojim detetom ili ga pošaljite u moju školu i mi ćemo ga rastaviti sa njima. Čak i ako ne znate šta su koji delovi, odgonetanje čemu bi mogli da služe veoma je dobra vežba za decu da bi dobila utisak da mogu da rastave stvari i da, bez obzira na to koliko su komplikovane, mogu razumeti njihove delove. To znači da će na kraju moći da razumeju sve delove. To je osećaj posedovanja znanja - da je nešto dokučivo. Ove crne kutije sa kojima živimo i koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo, u stvari su komplikovane stvari koje su drugi ljudi napravili i koje vi možete razumeti.
Number five: Two-parter. Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Broj pet ima dva dela. Prekršite zakon o autorskim pravima.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
There are laws beyond safety regulations that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things that we own -- in this case, digital media. It's a very simple exercise: Buy a song on iTunes, write it to a CD, then rip the CD to an MP3, and play it on your very same computer. You've just broken a law. Technically, the RIAA could come and prosecute you. It's an important lesson for kids to understand, that some of these laws get broken by accident, and that laws have to be interpreted. That's something we often talk about with the kids when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open, and taking them apart and using them for other things. And also when we go out and drive a car. Driving a car is a really empowering act for a young child, so this is the alternate --
Postoje zakoni osim zakona o bezbednosti koji pokušavaju da ograniče način na koji koristimo stvari koje posedujemo - u ovom slučaju digitalne medije. Ovo je veoma lak poduhvat - kupite pesmu na Ajtjunu, narežite je na CD, onda prebacite CD na MP3 i pustite je na tom istom kompjuteru. Upravo ste prekršili zakon. Praktično, Američko udruženje muzičkih kuća vas može krivično goniti. Važna lekcija koju deca treba da razumeju je da se neki od ovih zakona slučajno krše i da zakoni treba da se tumače različito. To je nešto o čemu često pričamo sa decom kada se zabavljamo uz stvari, kada ih otvaramo, rastavljamo i koristimo u druge svrhe. O tome pričamo i kada vozimo automobil. Vožnja automobila zaista osnažuje dete. Ovo je zamena za to.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law, you can drive a car with your child. This is a great stage for a kid. This happens about the same time that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs, these big things in the outside world, that they're trying to get a grip on. A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it. And that really gives them a handle on a world in a way that they don't often have access to. And it's perfectly legal. Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it, and that it's on private property, and let them drive your car. It's very safe actually. And it's fun for the whole family.
Za vas kojima ne prija kršenje zakona, možete voziti automobil sa svojim detetom. Ovo je sjajan period za dete. Dešava se otprilike u isto vreme kada su opčinjeni stvarima kao što su dinosaurusi, ove velike stvari iz spoljašnjeg sveta koje pokušavaju da razumeju. Automobil je slična stvar, a deca mogu da sednu u automobil i da ga voze. To im zaista daje kontrolu nad svetom na način na koji im često nije omogućen. Potpuno je legalno. Nađite veliki prazan parking, uverite se da je prazan, da je na privatnom posedu i pustite ih da voze vaš automobil. U stvari, veoma je bezbedno. I zabavno je za celu porodicu.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Let's see, I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.
Da vidim, mislim da je to sve. To je broj pet i po. Okej.