The most complex problems in our time can be solved with simple techniques, if we are able to dream.
祗要我哋敢去夢想 我哋呢個時代最難嘅問題 都可以用簡單嘅技巧解決
As a child, I discovered that creativity is the key to cross from dreams to reality. I learned this from my grandmother, Dr. Ruth Tichauer, a Jewish refugee that settled in the heart of the Andes. That is how I grew up: encouraged to see beyond any limitation. So part of my education included helping her in remote, indigenous communities. I cherish those memories, because they helped me to understand life outside the city, a life with a lot of possibilities, without barriers, as language or culture.
我細個已經發現創意 係實現夢想嘅鎖匙 呢樣嘢係我喺嫲嫲嗰度學返嚟 我嫲嫲叫 Ruth Tichauer,係個醫生嚟 佢係猶太裔難民,後嚟喺 安地斯山脈地區定居 喺我成長裏面 大人都係鼓勵我 唔好俾事物受到限制著目光 所以我受嘅教育包括 到偏遠嘅土著社區幫佢 呢啲回憶好珍惜 因為啲回憶幫我明白 城外嘅世界有無限嘅機會 同時無語言同文化嘅限制
During those trips, my grandmother used to recite a Kipling poem: "Something hidden. Go and find it. Go and look behind the Mountains. Something lost behind the mountains. Lost and waiting for you. Go!"
喺當時旅程裏面,嫲嫲成日 唱一首 Kipling 嘅詩: 「有東西躲起來了,快去找它出來。 到山𥚃去找它吧, 它在山背滅失了。 它滅失了,正等著你。去吧!」
In the coming years, I became a medical student. One of every hundred children born worldwide has some kind of heart disease. There's a part of this problem I think I can solve -- the part of this problem I have spent my life working on.
後嚟我學醫 知道世界上每一百個兒童 就有一個患心臟病 於是我諗我可以解決呢個問題嘅一部分 我一生都為呢一部分努力
The problem starts during pregnancy. The fetus needs to survive inside the mother. Survival depends on communication between the systemic and the pulmonary blood. At the moment of birth, this communication needs to stop. If it doesn't close, the baby has a hole in the heart. It is caused by prematurity and genetic conditions. But what we know today is that a lack of oxygen is also one of the causes. As you can see in the chart, the frequency of this kind of hole dramatically increases with altitude.
而呢一部分 係從懷孕期開始 胎兒要喺母體存活 就需要靠著循環系統 同肺之間流動嘅血 喺出世嗰陣 呢種血液流動必然停止 否則,嬰兒嘅心臟就會有個窿 亦就係早産或者遺傳基因問題所見到嘅嘢 但係我哋而家知道 缺氧都係其中一個原因 喺圖中,你哋可以睇到 心漏病嘅病發率 隨著海拔越高越大
Video: (Baby crying)
影片:(嬰兒哭聲)
When you look at patients with this condition, they seem desperate to breathe. To close the hole, major surgery used to be the only solution.
可以見到心漏病病人 好搏命咁呼吸 以前要封呢嗰窿 做手術係唯一嘅辦法
One night, my friend Malte, were camping in the Amazon region. The only thing that would not burn in the fire was a green avocado branch. Then came a moment of inspiration. So we used the branch as a mold for our first invention. The holes in children's hearts can be closed with it. A coil is a piece of wire wrapped onto itself. It maybe doesn't look so fancy to you now, but that was our first successful attempt to create a device for this major problem. In this video, we can see how a very tiny catheter takes the coil to the heart. The coil then closes the hole. After that moment of inspiration, there came a very long time of effort developing a prototype. In vitro and in vivo studies took thousands of hours of work in the lab. The coil, if it works, can save lives.
有一晩,我個朋友 Malte 喺阿馬遜河叢林露營 我哋生火時,只有綠色嘅 鱷利樹枝唔會燒著 呢樣嘢觸發咗我嘅靈感 於是我哋用呢啲樹枝為骨幹 做咗第一個用嚟堵塞心漏病嘅發明 一個線圈就係一條金屬線不斷繞住自己 可能你哋睇嚟覺得唔係好靚 但係,佢係我哋 解決呢個大難題嘅第一款儀器 喺呢段片,我哋可以 見到一條好幼嘅導管 點樣將儀器帶到心臟 然後線圈塞著個窿 有咗靈感之後 我哋花咗好耐 製作一個雛形 試管或者活體研究 喺實驗室裏邊上演咗幾千個鐘 如果線圈硏究成功,就能夠救到好多人
I returned from Germany to Bolivia, thinking that wherever we go, we have the opportunity to make a difference. With my wife and partner, Dr. Alexandra Heath, we started to see patients. After successfully treating patients with our coil, we felt really enthusiastic. But we live in a place that is 12,000 feet high. And, the patients there need a special device to solve their heart condition. The hole in altitude patients is different, because the orifice between the arteries is larger. Most patients cannot afford to be treated on time, and they die. The first coil could successfully treat only half of the patients in Bolivia. The search started again. We went back to the drawing board.
我由德國返到玻理維亞 途中諗,無論我哋去到邊 都會有機會令人哋過得更好 然後我同太太兼合伙人 Alexandra Heath 醫生 開始診症 見到病人因為我哋嘅儀器醫返好 我哋都好熱血沸騰 但係有樣嘢困擾我哋 我哋住喺一處海拔萬二呎高嘅地方 而 嗰度啲病人需要特別嘅儀器治療心臟病 因為居住喺高海拔嘅病人嘅病情係唔同嘅 因為佢哋動脈中間嗰窿特別大 好多病人無錢睇醫生,變咗唔可以及時診治 最後就病死 第一個發明嘅儀器只可以醫好 玻利維亞一半呢類嘅病人 於是研究又繼續 我哋返到去畫草稿
After many trials, and with the help of my grandmother's indigenous friends in the mountains, we obtained a new device. For centuries, indigenous women told stories by weaving complex patterns on looms, and an unexpected skill helped us for the new device. We take this traditional method of weaving and make a design made by a smart material that records shape. It seems this time, the weaving allows us to create a seamless device that doesn't rust because it's made of only one piece. It can change by itself into very complex structures by a procedure that took decades to develop.
經過好多次試驗 同埋得到嫲嫲山區土著朋友幫助 我哋造咗一件新儀器 過去幾百年嚟,土著婦女 都係透過布上織複雜嘅圖案去講故仔 呢啲以前無諗過嘅技藝 竟然幫我哋製造新儀器 我哋利用呢啲傳統嘅織布方法 同埋會記録形狀嘅物料 設計咗一樣嘢 今次嘅織布技巧 令儀器可以一件過生產 所以 儀器理應唔會生銹,甚至乎係天衣無縫 展望將來,呢種儀器經過幾十年嘅硏發 就會變成好精密嘅結構
As you can see, the device enters the body through the natural channels. Doctors have only to close the catheter through the hole. Our device expands, places itself and closes the hole. We have this beautiful delivery system that is so simple to use because it works by itself. No open surgery was necessary.
可以見到,呢種儀器經過自然嘅渠道 進入人體 醫生要做嘅只係將心漏嘅導管關上 之後儀器會脹大,自我安置好 然後封咗個窿 呢個手術 容易執行 因為儀器會自動操作 亦唔需要開刀
(Applause)
(掌聲)
As doctors, we fight with diseases that take a long time and effort to heal -- if they do. This is the child from before, after the procedure. As you can see --
我哋做醫生嘅 往往需要長時間同精力 先至可以同疾病搏鬥 呢個係之前睇到嘅小朋友 經過手術之後 你可以睇到…
(Applause)
(掌聲)
As you can see, once the device is in place, the patient is 100 percent healed. From start to finish, the whole procedure takes only 30 minutes. That's very rewarding from the medical and human point of view. We are so proud that some of our former patients are part of our team -- a team, thanks to added close interaction with patients that work with us. Together, we have only one idea: the best solutions need to be simple. We lost the fear of creating something new.
只要個儀器埋到去穿窿嘅位置 病人一定百分百好返 由開始到完成 成個程序只需要半個鐘頭 從醫學同常人嘅角度嚟講都令人鼓舞 以前嘅一啲病人家陣加入咗我哋團隊 佢哋令我哋好驕傲 咁係多得團隊之前同參與研究嘅病人 有緊密溝通 講到呢度,我哋只有一個信念: 最好嘅方法一定要簡單 雖然我哋以前怕創造新嘅嘢
The path, it's not easy. Many obstacles arise all the time. But we receive strength from our patients. Their resilience and courage inspire our creativity. Our goal is to make sure that no child is left behind, not because of cost or access.
雖然路途艱難 困難重重 但係我哋嘅病人都好支持我哋 佢哋嘅抗逆能力同勇氣 都激發我哋嘅創意 我哋嘅目標係話︰ 冇一個兒童 會因為經費或者就醫機會而得唔到治療
So we have to start a foundation with a one-to-one model. We will give one device for free to make sure that every child is treated. We are in many countries now, but we need to be everywhere. This whole thing began with one impossible idea as will continue it, really: No child is left behind.
於是我哋成立一個 以一對一嘅模式營運嘅基金 仲會向每位兒童免費提供一件儀器 等佢哋都可以接受治療 我哋現今已經推展到好多國家 但我哋仲需要走到世界每個角落 呢件事 源自一個無可能實現嘅念頭 而且會延續落去 確保每一個兒童都得到醫治
Muchas gracias.
多謝
(Applause)
(掌聲)