I'm going to talk about some of my discoveries around the world through my work. These are not discoveries of planets or new technologies or science. They're discoveries of people and the way people are, and new leadership.
我要談一談 通過我的工作,得到的世界範圍的 一些發現。 這些不是關於地球 科學技術的 發現 它們是關於人 和領導力。
This is Benki. Benki is a leader of the Ashaninka Nation. His people live in Brazil and in Peru. Benki comes from a village so remote up in the Amazon that to get there, either you have to fly and land on water, or go by canoe for several days. I met Benki three years ago in Sao Paulo when I'd brought him and other leaders from indigenous peoples to meet with me and leaders from around the world, because we wanted to learn from each other. We wanted to share our stories with each other.
這人是Benki。 Benki是Ashaninka民族的領袖 他的人民住在巴西 和秘魯。 Benki來自亞馬遜河流域 的邊遠小村莊。 去那裡,你要麼坐飛機 並在水中降落 要麼花上幾天的時間坐劃艇去。 三天之前,我在Sao Paulo遇見Benki。 那天我和他,還有全世界的土著 領袖們 相聚一堂。 因為我們希望相互學習。 我們希望互相分享我們的經驗
The Ashaninka people are known throughout South America for their dignity, their spirit and their resistance, starting with the Incas and continuing through the 19th century with the rubber tappers. Today's biggest threat to the Ashaninka people and to Benki comes from illegal logging -- the people who come into the beautiful forest and cut down ancient mahogany trees, float them down the river to world markets. Benki knew this. He could see what was happening to his forest, to his environment, because he was taken under his grandfather's wing when he was only two years old to begin to learn about the forest and the way of life of his people. His grandfather died when he was only 10. And at that young age, 10 years old, Benki became the paje of his community. Now, in the Ashaninka tradition and culture, the paje is the most important person in the community. This is the person who contains within him all the knowledge, all the wisdom of centuries and centuries of life, and not just about his people, but about everything that his people's survival depended on: the trees, the birds, the water, the soil, the forest. So when he was only 10 and he became the paje, he began to lead his people. He began to talk to them about the forest that they needed to protect, the way of life they needed to nurture. He explained to them that it was not a question of survival of the fittest; it was a question of understanding what they needed to survive and to protect that.
Ashaninka人民 從印加時代 到19世紀的割橡膠時代 在南美洲 以他們自己的尊嚴,精神 反抗精神 而廣為人知。 目前對Ashaninka人民和Benki 最大的威脅是 來自非法伐木 伐木工人來到這個美麗的大森林 砍倒古老的紅木樹, 讓木材順著河流一直到世界市場 Benki知道這些。 他能預見他的森林,他的生存環境會變成什麼樣子 因為他是在他祖父的教導下長大, 當他兩歲的時候 就開始學習森林 他們人民的生活方式 在他僅僅10歲的時候,他祖父過世了。 在這年輕的年齡,10歲 Benki 成為他宗族裏面的(帕傑)智者 在Ashaninka的傳統文化中 帕傑在宗族裏面 是一位很重要的人物。 帕傑是一位擁有 所有知識和所有智慧 的一個人。 這些知識和智慧不僅僅包括他的人民 還包括他人民賴以生存的一切 樹,鳥 水,土地,森林。 所以在他僅僅10歲當上帕傑的時候 他就開始領導他的人民。 他就開始和他的人民談論 關於保護森林, 生活的方法。 他給他人民解釋 這不是關於適者生存的問題, 問題是要理解 他們活下來需要什麼東西 並去保護那些東西。
Eight years later, when he was a young man of 18, Benki left the forest for the first time. He went 3,000 miles on an odyssey to Rio to the Earth Summit to tell the world what was happening in his tiny, little corner. And he went because he hoped the world would listen. Some did, not everybody. But if you can imagine this young man with his headdress and his flowing robe, learning a new language, Portuguese, not to mention English, going to Rio, building a bridge to reach out to people he'd never met before -- a pretty hostile world. But he wasn't dismayed.
8年之後, 當Benki成為18歲的青年人, 他首次離開森林。 他長途旅行到了3千英里之外的Rio 參加地球峰會 並告訴世界,在他那個小地方 發生的事情。 他參加那個會議是因為他希望全世界能聆聽。 不是每個人都在聆聽,一部分人聽了。 但是如果你想像一下這個青年人 帶著頭飾,穿著飄拂的長袍 正在學習一門新語言,葡萄牙語。 更別提英語了。 他去Rio- 這個十分不友善的世界。 他努力去接觸他之前 沒有結識過的人們。 但是他沒有氣餒。
Benki came back to his village full of ideas -- new technologies, new research, new ways of understanding what was going on. Since that time, he's continued to work with his people, and not only the Ashaninka Nation, but all the peoples of the Amazon and beyond. He's built schools to teach children to care for the forest. Together, he's led the reforestation of over 25 percent of the land that had been destroyed by the loggers. He's created a cooperative to help people diversify their livelihoods. And he's brought the internet and satellite technology to the forest -- both so that people themselves could monitor the deforestation, but also that he could speak from the forest to the rest of the world. If you were to meet Benki and ask him, "Why are you doing this? Why are you putting yourself at risk? Why are you making yourself vulnerable to what is often a hostile world?" he would tell you, as he told me, "I asked myself," he said, "What did my grandparents and my great-grandparents do to protect the forest for me? And what am I doing?"
Benki滿懷著想法,新技術,新研究成果, 對於正在發生的一切事情的新理解方法 回到了他的小村莊。 從那之後, 他繼續和他的人民一起努力工作。 不僅僅是阿紗凝卡民族 所有亞馬遜流域的人民 他建造學校 教孩子們照看森林 大家一起讓 被伐木工人毀滅的25%土地 重新變為森林 他建立合作農場 幫助人們多樣化謀生 他將互聯網和衛星技術 帶回原始森林 這樣當地的人們 可以監視砍伐森林的行為 他們還可以與世界其他地方的人們 交流 如果你遇見了Benki 并問他,你爲什麽做這些? 你爲什麽冒這個風險? 你爲什麽讓自己暴露給 這個時常充滿敵意的世界 他會像回答我一樣的那樣 告訴你 他說,我問我自己 我的祖輩們為我保護這森林 都做了些什麽? 而我又在做些什麽呢?
So when I think of that, I wonder what our grandchildren and our great-grandchildren, when they ask themselves that question, I wonder how they will answer. For me, the world is veering towards a future we don't much want when we really think about it deep inside. It's a future we don't know the details of, but it's a future that has signs, just like Benki saw the signs around him. We know we are running out of what we need. We're running out of fresh water. We're running out of fossil fuels. We're running out of land. We know climate change is going to affect all of us. We don't know how, but we know it will. And we know that there will be more of us than ever before -- five times as many people in 40 years than 60 years ago. We are running out of what we need. And we also know that the world has changed in other ways, that since 1960 there are one-third as many new countries that exist as independent entities on the planet. Egos, systems of government -- figuring it out -- massive change. And in addition to that, we know that five other really big countries are going to have a say in the future, a say we haven't even really started to hear yet -- China, India, Russia, South Africa and Benki's own Brazil, where Benki got his civil rights only in the 1988 constitution.
所以當我想到這些問題的時候 我想知道,我的子孫們 當他們問他們自己 這些問題的時候 我想知道,他們將如何回答這些問題 對我而言,這個世界正在向 我們不希望的方向改變 當我們真正深入思考這些問題的時候 我們不知道未來的一些細節 但是未來有著一些徵兆 就像Benki看到他周圍發生的徵兆一樣 我們知道我們正在耗盡資源 我們正在耗盡淡水 我們正在耗盡石油 我們正在耗盡土地 我們知道氣候改變將影響我們大家 我們不知道它是如何影響的,但是我們知道它將會影響我們 我們知道我們現在的人口比以前要多 在40年里增長5倍 比60年前。 我們正在耗盡我們的資源 並且我們也知道 世界已經以另外一種方式在改變 自從1960 地球上誕生了1/3 的獨立國家。 政府系統 明白 巨大的改變 除此之外 我們知道5個大國 在未來將有發言權 我們不曾真正凝聽過他們的聲音 中華人民共和國,印度 俄羅斯,南非 Benki的巴西 Benki得到了巴西的公民權 在1988的憲法中
But you know all that. You know more than Benki knew when he left his forest and went 3,000 miles. You also know that we can't just keep doing what we've always done, because we'll get the results we've always gotten. And this reminds me of something I understand Lord Salisbury said to Queen Victoria over a hundred years ago, when she was pressing him, "Please change." He said, "Change? Why change? Things are bad enough as they are." We have to change. It's imperative to me, when I look around the world, that we need to change ourselves. We need new models of what it means to be a leader. We need new models of being a leader and a human in the world.
你知道這所有 當Benki走了3000英里,走出他的那片森林 的時候,你知道的比他多 你也知道 我們不能繼續保持我們現在一直的做法 因為那樣我們將得到 報應 這提醒了我一些事情 一百多年以前,索爾斯伯利勳爵對維多利亞女王說 當她告訴他,請改變 他回答,改變? 爲什麽改變 事情就像它原本的那樣的糟糕 我們不得不改變 當我看看我周圍這世界 我們需要改變我們自己是至關重要的事情 我們需要新的領導模式 我們需要 新的領導模式和新的生存模式
I started life as a banker. Now I don't admit to that to anybody but my very close friends. But for the past eight years, I've done something completely different. My work has taken me around the world, where I've had the real privilege of meeting people like Benki and many others who are making change happen in their communities -- people who see the world differently, who are asking different questions, who have different answers, who understand the filters that they wear when they go out into the world.
我像一個銀行家那樣生活 現在我不得不向 我非常親密的朋友坦白 但是8年之前, 我已經做了些完全不同的事情 我的工作是要滿世界跑的 我有機會 與像Benki一樣 的領導者會面,他們正在 做出一些改變 這些領導者看到不同的世界 他們問出不同的問題 他們有不同的答案 當他們走向世界 他們理解他們自己的文化。
This is Sanghamitra. Sanghamitra comes from Bangalore. I met Sanghamitra eight years ago when I was in Bangalore organizing a workshop with leaders of different NGO's working in some of the hardest aspects of society. Sanghamitra didn't start life as a leader of an NGO, she started her career as university professor, teaching English literature. But she realized that she was much too detached from the world doing that. She loved it, but she was too detached. And so in 1993, a long time ago, she decided to start a new organization called Samraksha focused on one of the hardest areas, one of the hardest issues in India -- anywhere in the world at the time -- HIV/AIDS. Since that time, Samraksha has grown from strength to strength and is now one of the leading health NGO's in India. But if you just think about the state of the world and knowledge of HIV/AIDS in 1993 -- in India at that time it was skyrocketing and nobody understood why, and everyone was actually very, very afraid. Today there are still three million HIV-positive people in India. That's the second largest population in the world.
這是Sanghamitra. 她來自班格洛爾 我八年之前在班格洛爾 遇見了Sanghamitra. 當時我正在和一些來自不同的非政府組織領導者們 參加一個研討會,討論社會的最困難的問題 Sanghamitra 一開始不是 一位非政府組織的領導者 她開始人生的職業是大學教授 是教英文文學 但是她意識到她作教授這個職業就與這個現實世界脫離了 她喜歡這個職業但是這會使她與現實世界脫離 所以在1993年 離現在很久之前 她決定開辦一家新的組織 叫做Samraksha 這組織專注與最難得領域 在印度,困難最大的一個問題 當前全世界最困難的問題 艾滋病 從那之後,Samraksha逐漸 壯大起來 現在該組織已是印度最重要的健康保健非政府組織 但是如果你思考這個世界現在的狀態 艾滋病的知識 但是在1993年 在那個時間,艾滋病在印度飛速傳播 沒有人知道這是爲什麽 每個人都非常,非常害怕 現在依然有三百萬艾滋病人 在印度 這是世界人第二人口大國的情況
When I asked Sanghamitra, "How did you get from English literature to HIV/AIDS?" not an obvious path, she said to me, "It's all connected. Literature makes one sensitive, sensitive to people, to their dreams and to their ideas." Since that time, under her leadership, Samraksha has been a pioneer in all fields related to HIV/AIDS. They have respite homes, the first, the first care centers, the first counseling services -- and not just in urban, 7-million-population Bangalore, but in the hardest to reach villages in the state of Karnataka. Even that wasn't enough. She wanted to change policy at the government level. 10 of their programs that she pioneered are now government policy and funded by the government. They take care of 20,000-odd people today in over 1,000 villages around Karnataka.
當我問Sanghamitra, 你爲什麽從英語文學 轉到艾滋病事業 這不是個典型的職業轉換 她告訴我 這是有聯繫的 文學使我敏感 對人民敏感 對他們的夢想,他們的想法敏感 從那之後,在她的領導之下 Samraksha已經成為 艾滋病相關領域的 領航者 他們建立了第一個收留艾滋病人之家 第一家治療艾滋病中心 第一家諮詢服務中心 不僅僅是在擁有7百萬人口的城市Bangalore 還有在Karnataka省的一些 最困難的小鄉村 即使這樣還是不夠的 她希望在政府的層次改變政策 由她倡導的10的項目 已經得到了政府政策上和資金上的支持 現在他們照顧Karnataka省周圍1千個村子中的 2萬老年人
She works with people like Murali Krishna. Murali Krishna comes from one of those villages. He lost his wife to AIDS a couple of years ago, and he's HIV-positive. But he saw the work, the care, the compassion that Sanghamitra and her team brought to the village, and he wanted to be part of it. He's a Leaders' Quest fellow, and that helps him with his work. They've pioneered a different approach to villages. Instead of handing out information in pamphlets, as is so often the case, they bring theater troupes, songs, music, dance. And they sit around, and they talk about dreams.
她和Murali Krishna一樣的人民一起工作 Murali Krishna來自其中一個小村莊 他的妻子因為艾滋病離他而去 他也是艾滋病人 但是他看見了Sanghramitra組織 帶給小鄉村 的工作,愛心,同情之心 他希望成為組織其中一員 他現在是調查人,是幫助組織工作的 他們用一個完全不同的方法幫助小鄉村 而不是用以往發宣傳小冊子 傳統的方法 他們帶來了表演團 歌聲,音樂,舞蹈 大家做成一圈 談夢想
Sanghamitra told me just last week -- she had just come back from two weeks in the villages, and she had a real breakthrough. They were sitting in a circle, talking about the dreams for the village. And the young women in the village spoke up and said, "We've changed our dream. Our dream is for our partners, our husbands, not to be given to us because of a horoscope, but to be given to us because they've been tested for HIV." If you are lucky enough to meet Sanghamitra and ask her why and how, how have you achieved so much? She would look at you and very quietly, very softly say, "It just happened. It's the spirit inside."
Sanghamitra告訴我僅僅上一周 她剛剛從鄉村回來兩周 她有了一個真正的突破 大家圍坐成一圈,談夢想 鄉村裏面的年輕的婦女 發言:我們已經改變我們的夢想 我們的夢想 是為我們的老公 不是為我們自己,因為命運 也是為我們自己 因為我們的老公已經被檢查有艾滋病 如果你幸運地遇見了Sanghamitra 問她爲什麽要這樣做,又是如何做到的 你是如何做到成就這麼大的事業的 她會看著你 非常平靜,非常平緩地說 它就是實現了 它是我內心的精神
This is Dr. Fan Jianchuan. Jianchuan comes from Sichuan Province in southwest China. He was born in 1957, and you can imagine what his childhood looked like and felt like, and what his life has been like over the last 50 tumultuous years. He's been a soldier, a teacher, a politician, a vice-mayor and a business man. But if you sat down and asked him, "Who are you really, and what do you do?" He would tell you, "I'm a collector, and I curate a museum." I was lucky; I had heard about him for years, and I finally met him earlier this year at his museum in Chengdu.
這是Fan Jianchuan博士 Jianchuan來自中華人民共和國西南部 四川省 他出生于1957年 大家能相信一下他的童年, 和他風風雨雨走過的 這50多年的 人生歷程 他當過兵,當過人民教師 公務員,副市長 生意人 但是如果你坐下來問他:你如何定位你自己 你是做什麽的 他將告訴你:我是一位收藏家 我管理一家博物館 我是幸運地,幾年之前我就聽說過他的故事 今年初,在成都我終於 在他博物館里見到了他
He's been a collector all of his life, starting when he was four or five in the early 1960's. Now, just think of the early 1960's in China. Over a lifetime, through everything, through the Cultural Revolution and everything afterward, he's kept collecting, so that he now has over eight million pieces in his museums documenting contemporary Chinese history. These are pieces that you won't find anywhere else in the world, in part because they document parts of history Chinese choose to forget. For example, he's got over one million pieces documenting the Sino-Japanese War, a war that's not talked about in China very much and whose heroes are not honored. Why did he do all this? Because he thought a nation should never repeat the mistakes of the past.
他的一生都在收藏 1960年早期,當他4,5歲的時候,他就開始收藏 現在想想1960年早期的中國 他花了一生的時間在收藏, 關於文化大革命的東西,之後的一些東西 他還堅持收藏 以至於他的博物館里現在有超過8百萬件 收藏品 這些收藏品記錄了當代中國人民的歷史 有一些收藏品,你在世界任何其它地方都不可能找到 這些收藏品記錄著歷史的一部份 中國人民趨向于遺忘 舉例,他收藏有一百多萬件收藏品 這些收藏品見證著日本侵華戰爭 在中國,這場戰爭已不被常常談論起了 中華英雄們也已不被常常談論 但是他爲什麽要收藏這些呢 因為他認為 一個國家不能重蹈覆轍
So, from commissioning slightly larger than life bronze statues of the heroes of the Sino-Japanese War, including those Chinese who then fought with each other and left mainland China to go to Taiwan, to commemorating all the unknown, ordinary soldiers who survived, by asking them to take prints of their hands, he is making sure -- one man is making sure -- that history is not forgotten. But it's not just Chinese heroes he cares about. This building contains the world's largest collection of documents and artifacts commemorating the U.S. role in fighting on the Chinese side in that long war -- the Flying Tigers. He has nine other buildings -- that are already open to the public -- filled to the rafters with artifacts documenting contemporary Chinese history. Two of the most sensitive buildings include a lifetime of collection about the Cultural Revolution, a period that actually most Chinese would prefer to forget. But he doesn't want his nation ever to forget.
所以他委託製作了一些 日本侵華戰爭中的中華英雄的青銅像 這些中華英雄包括 國民黨中的中華英雄 他們中的一部份離開了 中國大陸去往了中國台灣 為了紀念所有無名英雄及其他們的英雄故事 他去拜訪那些在戰爭中倖存下來的老兵 并留取他們的手印 他在證實,一個男人在證實 這段不可遺忘的歷史 他不僅僅只關心中華英雄 這個博物館裏面還有世界上最大的見證美國英雄在這場 戰爭中的角色的收藏品 在這場持久戰中,和中國英雄們 並肩作戰的美國英雄 他們就是 飛虎隊 Jianchuan擁有9個其他建築 已經準備對公眾開放 支架上擺滿了記錄著 當代中國人民歷史的收藏品 有兩個最敏感的建築 包括了他一生收藏的 關於文化大革命的收藏品 這是一段大多數中國人不愿提起 的歷史 但是他不希望國家 遺忘這段歷史
These people inspire me, and they inspire me because they show us what is possible when you change the way you look at the world, change the way you look at your place in the world. They looked outside, and then they changed what was on the inside. They didn't go to business school. They didn't read a manual, "How to Be a Good Leader in 10 Easy Steps." But they have qualities we'd all recognize. They have drive, passion, commitment. They've gone away from what they did before, and they've gone to something they didn't know. They've tried to connect worlds they didn't know existed before. They've built bridges, and they've walked across them. They have a sense of the great arc of time and their tiny place in it. They know people have come before them and will follow them. And they know that they're part of a whole, that they depend on other people. It's not about them, they know that, but it has to start with them. And they have humility. It just happens.
這些人激勵著我 他們激勵我,是因為他們向我展現 當我們看著這個世界 并改變我們看待自己的方式的時候 這一切是可能實現的 他們眺望外面的世界 并改變著他們內心的世界 他們沒有去商學院讀過書 他們沒有讀過類似于 “10個簡單步驟 教你如何做一位優秀領導者” 這樣的手冊 但是他們有領導者的素養,我們能發現這一點。 他們擁有驅動力,激情,責任感 他們從他們 熟悉的領域走出 他們向著他們未知的領域 邁進。 他們嘗試聯繫 那些他們不曾瞭解的世界 他們已經建立了通往他們不曾瞭解的那些世界的橋樑,并走了過去 他們走在時代之橋上 他們有這個能力 他們知道人們已經來到他們面前 他們信任團隊裏面的其他人 他們知道團隊只有領導者是不夠的 他們信任團隊裏面的其他人 他們知道團隊只有領導者是不夠的 但是領導者是走在團隊的最前面的 同時,他們是謙遜的 事業就是這樣實現了
But we know it doesn't just happen, don't we? We know it takes a lot to make it happen, and we know the direction the world is going in. So I think we need succession planning on a global basis. We can't wait for the next generation, the new joiners, to come in and learn how to be the good leaders we need. I think it has to start with us. And we know, just like they knew, how hard it is. But the good news is that we don't have to figure it out as we go along; we have models, we have examples, like Benki and Sanghamitra and Jianchuan. We can look at what they've done, if we look. We can learn from what they've learned. We can change the way we see ourselves in the world. And if we're lucky, we can change the way our great-grandchildren will answer Benki's question.
但是我們知道這是不容易的 我們知道這是要花費很多才實現的 我們知道世界的發展方向 所以我認為我們需要以全球為基礎 的可持續發展的計劃 我們不能等待下一代人來 學習如何成為我們需要的卓越領導者 我認為我們要從我們自己做起 我們知道 這是十分困難的 但是好消息是我們不要重新想方法去實現 我們有Benki,Sanghamitri,Jianchuan 這樣的榜樣和例子 如果我們學習他們,我們能學習他們是如何實現的 我們能學習他們的經驗 我們能改變我們的人生觀,世界觀 如果我們幸運的話 我們能改變這一切 我們的子孫後代 將會回答Benki的問題
Thank you.
謝謝
(Applause)
(掌聲)