I'm going to talk about some of my discoveries around the world through my work. These are not discoveries of planets or new technologies or science. They're discoveries of people and the way people are, and new leadership.
Pričat ću o nekim od svojih otkrića tijekom mog rada diljem svijeta. To nisu otkrića planeta novih tehnologija ili znanosti. To su otkrića o ljudima, kakvi su ljudi, i o novom vodstvu.
This is Benki. Benki is a leader of the Ashaninka Nation. His people live in Brazil and in Peru. Benki comes from a village so remote up in the Amazon that to get there, either you have to fly and land on water, or go by canoe for several days. I met Benki three years ago in Sao Paulo when I'd brought him and other leaders from indigenous peoples to meet with me and leaders from around the world, because we wanted to learn from each other. We wanted to share our stories with each other.
Ovo je Benki. Benki je vođa naroda Ashaninka. Njegov narod živi u Brazilu i Peruu. Benki dolazi iz sela toliko daleko uz Amazonu da kako biste došli tamo, morate ili letjeti i sletjeti na vodu, ili ploviti kanuom nekoliko dana. Upoznala sam Benkija prije tri godine u Sao Paulu kada sam pozvala njega i ostale vođe iz domorodačkih naroda da se nađu sa mnom i ostalim vođama iz svijeta, jer smo htjeli učiti jedni od drugih. Htjeli smo dijeliti priče međusobno.
The Ashaninka people are known throughout South America for their dignity, their spirit and their resistance, starting with the Incas and continuing through the 19th century with the rubber tappers. Today's biggest threat to the Ashaninka people and to Benki comes from illegal logging -- the people who come into the beautiful forest and cut down ancient mahogany trees, float them down the river to world markets. Benki knew this. He could see what was happening to his forest, to his environment, because he was taken under his grandfather's wing when he was only two years old to begin to learn about the forest and the way of life of his people. His grandfather died when he was only 10. And at that young age, 10 years old, Benki became the paje of his community. Now, in the Ashaninka tradition and culture, the paje is the most important person in the community. This is the person who contains within him all the knowledge, all the wisdom of centuries and centuries of life, and not just about his people, but about everything that his people's survival depended on: the trees, the birds, the water, the soil, the forest. So when he was only 10 and he became the paje, he began to lead his people. He began to talk to them about the forest that they needed to protect, the way of life they needed to nurture. He explained to them that it was not a question of survival of the fittest; it was a question of understanding what they needed to survive and to protect that.
Narod Ashaninka je poznat diljem Južne Amerike zbog njihovog dostojanstva, duha, i otpornosti, još od Inka pa kroz 19. stoljeće sa sakupljačima gume. Današnja najveća prijetnja narodu Ashaninka i Benkiju dolazi od ilegalne sječe drva -- ljudi koji dolaze u predivnu šumu kako bi sjekli prastara stabla mahagonija, i poslali ih niz rijeku na svjetsko tržište. Benki je ovo znao. Mogao je vidjeti što se događa njegovoj šumi, njegovom okolišu, jer ga je djed uzeo pod svoje kada je imao samo 2 godine da počne učiti o šumi i načinu života svojih ljudi. Djed je umro kada je Benki imao 10. U toj mladoj dobi od 10 godina, Benki je postao vođa svoje zajednice. U tradiciji i kulturi naroda Ashaninka, vođa je najvažnija osoba u zajednici. To je osoba koja u sebi ima svo znanje, svu mudrost stoljeća i stoljeća života, ne samo o svojim ljudima, nego o svemu o čemu je ovisilo preživljavanje njegovog naroda: drveće, ptice, voda, zemlja, šuma. Dakle kada je imao samo 10, postao je vođa počeo je voditi svoj narod. Počeo im je pričati o šumi koju su morali štititi, načinu života koji su morali njegovati. Objasnio im je kako to nije pitanje preživljavanja najsposobnijih, nego pitanje razumijevanja onoga što su trebali za preživljavanje i zaštitili sve to.
Eight years later, when he was a young man of 18, Benki left the forest for the first time. He went 3,000 miles on an odyssey to Rio to the Earth Summit to tell the world what was happening in his tiny, little corner. And he went because he hoped the world would listen. Some did, not everybody. But if you can imagine this young man with his headdress and his flowing robe, learning a new language, Portuguese, not to mention English, going to Rio, building a bridge to reach out to people he'd never met before -- a pretty hostile world. But he wasn't dismayed.
Osam godina kasnije, kada je bio mladić od 18, Benki je prvi put napustio šumu. Zaputio se na odiseju od 5.000 km u Rio na sastanak Earth Summit kako bi rekao svijetu što se događa u njegovom sitnom, malom kutu. Išao je jer se nadao da će svijet slušati. Neki jesu, nisu svi. No, ako možete zamisliti ovog mladića s pokrivalom za glavu i laganoj haljini, učeći novi jezik, portugalski, da i ne spominjem engleski, idući u Rio, stvarajući most da dođe do ljudi za koje nikada nije čuo -- prilično neprijateljski svijet. No nije bio obeshrabren.
Benki came back to his village full of ideas -- new technologies, new research, new ways of understanding what was going on. Since that time, he's continued to work with his people, and not only the Ashaninka Nation, but all the peoples of the Amazon and beyond. He's built schools to teach children to care for the forest. Together, he's led the reforestation of over 25 percent of the land that had been destroyed by the loggers. He's created a cooperative to help people diversify their livelihoods. And he's brought the internet and satellite technology to the forest -- both so that people themselves could monitor the deforestation, but also that he could speak from the forest to the rest of the world. If you were to meet Benki and ask him, "Why are you doing this? Why are you putting yourself at risk? Why are you making yourself vulnerable to what is often a hostile world?" he would tell you, as he told me, "I asked myself," he said, "What did my grandparents and my great-grandparents do to protect the forest for me? And what am I doing?"
Benki se vratio u selo pun ideja -- nove tehnologije, nova istraživanja, novi načini razumijevanja što se događa. Otada, je nastavio raditi sa svojim ljudima, i ne samo s narodom Ashaninka, već sa svim ljudima iz Amazone, i šire. Sagradio je škole kako bi naučio djecu da se brinu za šumu. Zajedničkim snagama, vodio je pošumljavanje više od 25% zemlje uništene sječom. Stvorio je zajednicu koja pomaže ljudima prihvatiti nova sredstva potrebna za život. Donio je internet i satelitsku tehnologiju u šumu -- oboje kako bi i sami ljudi mogli pratiti razmjere sječe te da bi mogao govoriti iz šume ostatku svijeta. Ako bi upoznali Benkija i pitali ga "Zašto radiš to? Zašto riskiraš? Zašto postaješ ranjiv u svijetu koji je često neprijateljski?" rekao bi vam, kako je rekao meni, "Pitao sam se", rekao je, "što su moji djedovi i moji pradjedovi napravili da zaštite šumu za mene? I što ja radim?"
So when I think of that, I wonder what our grandchildren and our great-grandchildren, when they ask themselves that question, I wonder how they will answer. For me, the world is veering towards a future we don't much want when we really think about it deep inside. It's a future we don't know the details of, but it's a future that has signs, just like Benki saw the signs around him. We know we are running out of what we need. We're running out of fresh water. We're running out of fossil fuels. We're running out of land. We know climate change is going to affect all of us. We don't know how, but we know it will. And we know that there will be more of us than ever before -- five times as many people in 40 years than 60 years ago. We are running out of what we need. And we also know that the world has changed in other ways, that since 1960 there are one-third as many new countries that exist as independent entities on the planet. Egos, systems of government -- figuring it out -- massive change. And in addition to that, we know that five other really big countries are going to have a say in the future, a say we haven't even really started to hear yet -- China, India, Russia, South Africa and Benki's own Brazil, where Benki got his civil rights only in the 1988 constitution.
Kada se toga sjetim, pitam se što će naši unuci i naši praunuci, kada se pitaju isto pitanje, pitam se kako će odgovoriti. Za mene, svijet mijenja smjer prema budućnosti koju zapravo ne želimo kada o tome razmislimo duboko u sebi. To je budućnost o kojoj ne znamo detalje, ali budućnost koja ima znakove, baš kako je i Benki vidio znakove. Znamo da ostajemo bez onoga što trebamo. Ostajemo bez svježe vode. Ostajemo bez fosilnih goriva. Ostajemo bez tla. Znamo da će klimatska promjena utjecati na sve nas. Ne znamo kako, ali znamo da hoće. I znamo da će nas biti više nego ikad prije -- 5 puta više za 40 godina nego što je bilo prije 60. Ostajemo bez onoga što nam treba. Također znamo da se svijet promijenio na druge načine, da od 1960-e postoji trećina novih država koje postoje kao individualni entiteti na ovome planetu. Egoizam, sustav vlada -- shvaćanje svega -- masivna promjena. I uz to, znamo da će 5 drugih stvarno velikih država imati pravo glasa u budućnosti, glas koji nismo još stvarno počeli čuti -- Kina, Indija, Rusija, Južna Afrika i Benkijev Brazil, gdje je Benki dobio civilna prava tek u ustavu iz 1988.
But you know all that. You know more than Benki knew when he left his forest and went 3,000 miles. You also know that we can't just keep doing what we've always done, because we'll get the results we've always gotten. And this reminds me of something I understand Lord Salisbury said to Queen Victoria over a hundred years ago, when she was pressing him, "Please change." He said, "Change? Why change? Things are bad enough as they are." We have to change. It's imperative to me, when I look around the world, that we need to change ourselves. We need new models of what it means to be a leader. We need new models of being a leader and a human in the world.
No, to svi znate. Znate više nego što je Benki znao kada je napustio svoju šumu i putovao 5.000 kilometara. Također znate, da ne možemo nastaviti raditi isto što i uvijek, jer ćemo dobiti iste rezultate koje smo uvijek dobili. Ovo me podsjeća na nešto što je Lord Salisbury rekao kraljici Victoriji prije više od sto godina kada ga je molila da se promijeni. On je rekao, "Promjena? Zašto promjena? Stvari su dovoljno loše kakve jesu." Moramo se promijeniti. Meni je imperativ, kada gledam oko sebe, da se moramo promijeniti. Trebamo nove modele onoga što znači biti vođa. Trebamo nove modele kako biti vođa u svijetu.
I started life as a banker. Now I don't admit to that to anybody but my very close friends. But for the past eight years, I've done something completely different. My work has taken me around the world, where I've had the real privilege of meeting people like Benki and many others who are making change happen in their communities -- people who see the world differently, who are asking different questions, who have different answers, who understand the filters that they wear when they go out into the world.
Počela sam ovaj život kao bankar. To ne priznajem nikome osim vrlo bliskim prijateljima. No, u zadnjih 8 godina, napravila sam nešto potpuno drugačije. Moj posao me odveo širom svijeta, i imala sam pravu privilegiju upoznati ljude kao što je Benki i mnogo drugih koji ostvaruju tu promjenu u svojim zajednicama -- ljudi koji drugačije vide svijet, koji pitaju drugačija pitanja, koji imaju drugačije odgovore, koji razumiju filtere koje nose kada izađu u svijet.
This is Sanghamitra. Sanghamitra comes from Bangalore. I met Sanghamitra eight years ago when I was in Bangalore organizing a workshop with leaders of different NGO's working in some of the hardest aspects of society. Sanghamitra didn't start life as a leader of an NGO, she started her career as university professor, teaching English literature. But she realized that she was much too detached from the world doing that. She loved it, but she was too detached. And so in 1993, a long time ago, she decided to start a new organization called Samraksha focused on one of the hardest areas, one of the hardest issues in India -- anywhere in the world at the time -- HIV/AIDS. Since that time, Samraksha has grown from strength to strength and is now one of the leading health NGO's in India. But if you just think about the state of the world and knowledge of HIV/AIDS in 1993 -- in India at that time it was skyrocketing and nobody understood why, and everyone was actually very, very afraid. Today there are still three million HIV-positive people in India. That's the second largest population in the world.
Ovo je Sanghamitra. Sanghamitra je iz Bangalorea. Upoznala sam Sanghamitru prije osam godina kada sam bila u Bangaloreu organizirajući radionicu s vođama iz drugačijih nevladinih udruga, radeći na nekim od najtežih aspekata društva. Saghamitra nije počela život kao vođa nevladine udruge, počela je karijeru kao profesor na sveučilištu, podučavajući englesku književnost. No, shvatila je da je previše odvojena od svijeta u tom radu. Voljela je to, no bila je suviše odvojena. 1993., prije mnogo vremena, odlučila je započeti novu organizaciju zvanu Samraksha koja se fokusirala na jedan od najtežih područja, najtežih problema u Indiji -- bilo gdje u svijetu u to vrijeme -- HIV / AIDS. Otada, Samraksha je rasla iz snage u snagu i trenutačno je među vodećim nevladinim organizacijama u Indiji. No ako samo pomislite na stanje svijeta i znanju o HIV / AIDS-u u 1993. -- u Indiji se HIV širio ogromnom brzinom i nitko nije razumio zašto, i svi su zapravo bili u velikom strahu. Danas ima još tri milijuna HIV pozitivnih ljudi u Indiji. To je druga najveća populacija u svijetu.
When I asked Sanghamitra, "How did you get from English literature to HIV/AIDS?" not an obvious path, she said to me, "It's all connected. Literature makes one sensitive, sensitive to people, to their dreams and to their ideas." Since that time, under her leadership, Samraksha has been a pioneer in all fields related to HIV/AIDS. They have respite homes, the first, the first care centers, the first counseling services -- and not just in urban, 7-million-population Bangalore, but in the hardest to reach villages in the state of Karnataka. Even that wasn't enough. She wanted to change policy at the government level. 10 of their programs that she pioneered are now government policy and funded by the government. They take care of 20,000-odd people today in over 1,000 villages around Karnataka.
Kada sam pitala Sanghamitru, "Kako si prešla iz engleske književnosti na HIV / AIDS?" netipičan put, rekla mi je "Sve je povezano. Književnost čini nekoga osjetljivim, osjetljivim na ljude, na njihove ideje i snove." Otada, pod njenim vodstvom, Samraksha je bila pionir u svim poljima povezanim s HIV / AIDS-om. Imaju domove za odmor, centre za prvu pomoć, prvu savjetodavnu službu -- i to ne samo u urbanom, 7 milijunskom gradu Bangaloreu, nego i u teško dostupnim selima u saveznoj državi Karnataka. Ni to nije bilo dovoljno. Htjela je promijeniti politiku na državnoj razini. 10 programa koje je predvodila su sada politika vlade i financirani od vlade. Danas se brinu o 20.000 ljudi u preko 1.000 sela diljem Karnatakea.
She works with people like Murali Krishna. Murali Krishna comes from one of those villages. He lost his wife to AIDS a couple of years ago, and he's HIV-positive. But he saw the work, the care, the compassion that Sanghamitra and her team brought to the village, and he wanted to be part of it. He's a Leaders' Quest fellow, and that helps him with his work. They've pioneered a different approach to villages. Instead of handing out information in pamphlets, as is so often the case, they bring theater troupes, songs, music, dance. And they sit around, and they talk about dreams.
Radi s ljudima poput Muralija Krishne. Murali Krishna dolazi iz jednog od tih sela. Izgubio je ženu zbog side prije par godina, a on je HIV pozitivan. No, vidio je rad, zalaganje, suosjećanje koju su Sanghamitra i njen tim doveli u selo, i htio je biti dio toga. Član je Leaders' Questa, koji mu pomaže u njegovom radu. Predvodili su novi pristup selima. Umjesto širenja informacija u obliku letaka što je često slučaj, dovode glumačke družine, pjesme, glazbu, ples. Sjede u krugu, pričaju o snovima.
Sanghamitra told me just last week -- she had just come back from two weeks in the villages, and she had a real breakthrough. They were sitting in a circle, talking about the dreams for the village. And the young women in the village spoke up and said, "We've changed our dream. Our dream is for our partners, our husbands, not to be given to us because of a horoscope, but to be given to us because they've been tested for HIV." If you are lucky enough to meet Sanghamitra and ask her why and how, how have you achieved so much? She would look at you and very quietly, very softly say, "It just happened. It's the spirit inside."
Sanghamitra mi je rekla prošli tjedan -- da se upravo vratila nakon dva tjedna puta po selima, i da je doživjela stvarni napredak. Sjedili su u krugu, razgovarali o snovima za selo. Mlade žene iz sela su digle glas i rekle, "Promijenile smo svoj san. Naš san je da naše partnere, naše supruge, ne dobijemo na temelju horoskopa, već da ih dobijemo jer su testirani na HIV." Ako ste dovoljno sretni da upoznate Sanghamitru i pitate je zašto i kako, kako je toliko dostigla, pogledala bi vas i rekla vrlo tiho i vrlo nježno, "Samo se dogodilo. To je duh iznutra."
This is Dr. Fan Jianchuan. Jianchuan comes from Sichuan Province in southwest China. He was born in 1957, and you can imagine what his childhood looked like and felt like, and what his life has been like over the last 50 tumultuous years. He's been a soldier, a teacher, a politician, a vice-mayor and a business man. But if you sat down and asked him, "Who are you really, and what do you do?" He would tell you, "I'm a collector, and I curate a museum." I was lucky; I had heard about him for years, and I finally met him earlier this year at his museum in Chengdu.
Ovo je Dr. Fan Jianchuan. Jianchuan dolazi iz provincije Sichuan u jugozapadnoj Kini. Rođen je 1957., i možete zamisliti kako mu je izgledalo djetinjstvo i kako se osjećao, te kakav mu je bio život u zadnjih 50 burnih godina. Bio je vojnik, učitelj, političar, dogradonačelnik i poslovni čovjek. No, ako biste sjeli s njim i pitali ga, "Tko ste zapravo, i što radite?" Odgovorio bi vam, "Ja sam sakupljač, i kustos sam u muzeju." Imala sam sreće, čula sam o njemu prije više godina i napokon sam ga upoznala ranije ove godine u muzeju u Chengdu.
He's been a collector all of his life, starting when he was four or five in the early 1960's. Now, just think of the early 1960's in China. Over a lifetime, through everything, through the Cultural Revolution and everything afterward, he's kept collecting, so that he now has over eight million pieces in his museums documenting contemporary Chinese history. These are pieces that you won't find anywhere else in the world, in part because they document parts of history Chinese choose to forget. For example, he's got over one million pieces documenting the Sino-Japanese War, a war that's not talked about in China very much and whose heroes are not honored. Why did he do all this? Because he thought a nation should never repeat the mistakes of the past.
Bio je sakupljač cijeli svoj život, počevši otkad je imao 4 ili 5, u ranim 1960.-ima. Samo zamislite rane 1960.-e u Kini. Tijekom cijelog životnog vijeka, kroz sve što je prošao kroz kulturnu revoluciju i sve nakon toga, nastavio je skupljati, i trenutno ima preko 8 milijuna izložaka u svojim muzejima dokumentirajući modernu kinesku povijest. Postoje primjerci koje nećete naći nigdje drugdje na svijetu, djelomično jer prate dijelove povijesti koje bi Kinezi htjeli zaboraviti. Na primjer, ima preko milijun primjeraka koji bilježe kinesko-japanski rat, rat o kojem se ne priča puno u Kini i čijim herojima se ne odaje počast. Zašto je napravio sve ovo? Jer je mislio da nacija nikad ne smije ponavljati greške iz prošlosti.
So, from commissioning slightly larger than life bronze statues of the heroes of the Sino-Japanese War, including those Chinese who then fought with each other and left mainland China to go to Taiwan, to commemorating all the unknown, ordinary soldiers who survived, by asking them to take prints of their hands, he is making sure -- one man is making sure -- that history is not forgotten. But it's not just Chinese heroes he cares about. This building contains the world's largest collection of documents and artifacts commemorating the U.S. role in fighting on the Chinese side in that long war -- the Flying Tigers. He has nine other buildings -- that are already open to the public -- filled to the rafters with artifacts documenting contemporary Chinese history. Two of the most sensitive buildings include a lifetime of collection about the Cultural Revolution, a period that actually most Chinese would prefer to forget. But he doesn't want his nation ever to forget.
Dakle, od izdavanja brončanih kipova heroja kinesko-japanskog rata, malo većih nego u pravom životu uključujući i one Kineze koji su se kasnije borili međusobno i napustili Kinu kako bi otišli u Tajvan, do komemoracije svih nepoznatih, običnih vojnika koji su preživjeli, pitajući ih da ostave otiske njihovih dlanova, on se brine, jedan čovjek se brine, da povijest ne bude zaboravljena. No, nisu samo kineski heroji za koje se brine. Ova zgrada sadrži najveću svjetsku kolekciju dokumenata i artefakata koji bilježe ulogu SAD-a u borbi na kineskoj strani u tom dugom ratu -- Leteći tigrovi. Ima devet drugih zgrada -- koje su otvorene za javnost -- do vrha pune artefakata koji dokumentiraju modernu kinesku povijest. Dvije najosjetljivije zgrade sadrže životnu kolekciju o kulturnoj revoluciji razdoblja koji bi većina Kineza odlučila zaboraviti. No, on ne želi da njegova nacija ikada zaboravi.
These people inspire me, and they inspire me because they show us what is possible when you change the way you look at the world, change the way you look at your place in the world. They looked outside, and then they changed what was on the inside. They didn't go to business school. They didn't read a manual, "How to Be a Good Leader in 10 Easy Steps." But they have qualities we'd all recognize. They have drive, passion, commitment. They've gone away from what they did before, and they've gone to something they didn't know. They've tried to connect worlds they didn't know existed before. They've built bridges, and they've walked across them. They have a sense of the great arc of time and their tiny place in it. They know people have come before them and will follow them. And they know that they're part of a whole, that they depend on other people. It's not about them, they know that, but it has to start with them. And they have humility. It just happens.
Ovi ljudi me inspiriraju, inspiriraju me jer nam pokazuju što je moguće kada promijeniš način na koji gledaš na svijet, promijeniš način na koji gledaš na svoje mjesto u svijetu. Oni su pogledali vani, i promijenili ono što je unutra. Nisu išli u poslovne škole. Nisu čitali priručnik "Kako biti dobar vođa u 10 jednostavnih koraka." No imaju kvalitete koje svi prepoznajemo. Imaju poriv, strast, predanost. Prošli su iz nečega što su prije radili, u nešto što nisu znali. Pokušavali su spojiti svjetove za koje nisu znali da postoje. Gradili su mostove, hodali preko njih. Imaju osjećaj za veliki luk vremena i njihovo malo mjesto u njemu. Znaju da su ljudi bili prije njih i da će ih biti i poslije. I znaju da su dio cjeline, da ovise o ljudima. Ne radi se o njima, oni to znaju, no mora početi s njima. Imaju poniznosti. Samo se dogodi.
But we know it doesn't just happen, don't we? We know it takes a lot to make it happen, and we know the direction the world is going in. So I think we need succession planning on a global basis. We can't wait for the next generation, the new joiners, to come in and learn how to be the good leaders we need. I think it has to start with us. And we know, just like they knew, how hard it is. But the good news is that we don't have to figure it out as we go along; we have models, we have examples, like Benki and Sanghamitra and Jianchuan. We can look at what they've done, if we look. We can learn from what they've learned. We can change the way we see ourselves in the world. And if we're lucky, we can change the way our great-grandchildren will answer Benki's question.
No mi znamo da se to ne događa samo, zar ne? Znamo da je potrebno puno više da se to dogodi i znamo u kojem smjeru svijet ide. Stoga mislim da trebamo planirati sljedbenike na globalnoj razini. Ne možemo čekati sljedeću generaciju, nove pridošlice, da dođu i nauče kako biti dobre vođe koje trebamo. Mislim da mora početi od nas. I mi znamo, baš kao što su oni znali, koliko je teško. No, dobra stvar je da ne moramo to shvaćati usputno. Imamo modele, imamo primjere, kao što su Benki, Sanghamitra i Jianchuan. Možemo gledati što su oni učinili, ako pogledamo. Možemo naučiti što su oni naučili. Možemo promijeniti način na koji vidimo sebe u svijetu. I ako smo sretni, možemo promijeniti način na koji će naši praunuci odgovoriti na Benkijevo pitanje.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)