Salaam alaikum. Welcome to Doha. I am in charge of making this country's food secure. That is my job for the next two years, to design an entire master plan, and then for the next 10 years to implement it -- of course, with so many other people. But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story, about the story of this country that you're all here in today. And of course, most of you have had three meals today, and probably will continue to have after this event.
Salaam aleikum. Dobrodošli u Dohu. Ja sam zadužen za obezbeđivanje hrane za ovu zemlju. To mi je posao u naredne dve godine, da osmislim celokupan glavni plan, a onda da ga u narednih 10 godina primenim - naravno, zajedno sa još mnogo drugih ljudi. Ali prvo, moram da vam ispričam jednu priču, moju priču, priču o ovoj zemlji u kojoj ste svi vi danas. I naravno, većina vas je danas imala tri obroka, a verovatno će tako i nastaviti posle ovog događaja.
So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s? We were about 11,000 people living here. There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that. Most of the people who lived here either lived in coastal villages, fishing, or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water. None of the glamour that you see today existed. No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh. It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities. Resources weren't there to develop them. And you can see that life expectancy was also short. Most people died around the age of 50.
Pa za početak, šta je bio Katar četrdesetih godina? Ovde je živelo oko 11 000 ljudi. Nije bilo vode. Nije bilo struje, ni nafte, ni automobila, ništa od toga. Većina ljudi koji su živeli ovde živeli su bilo u selima na obali, bavili se ribolovom, ili su bili nomadi koji su tumarali okolinom pokušavajući da nađu vodu. Ništa od glamura koji danas vidite nije postojalo. Nijedan grad poput onih koje danas vidite u Dohi ili Dubaiju ili Abu Dabiju ili Kuvajtu ili Rijadu. Nije da nisu mogli da razviju gradove. Nije bilo resursa za njihov razvoj. I jasno vam je da je očekivani ljudski vek bio takođe kratak. Ljudi su većinom umirali oko 50. godine.
So let's move to chapter two: the oil era. 1939, that's when they discovered oil. But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially until after the Second World War. What did it do? It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness. It also made all those people who roamed around the desert -- looking for water, looking for food, trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.
Pa hajde da pređemo na drugo poglavlje: eru nafte. Godina 1939, tada su otkrili naftu. Ali nažalost, nije zaista bila u potpunosti komercijalno iskorišćena do nakon Drugog svetskog rata. Šta je to učinilo? Promenilo je lice ove zemlje, kao što možete videti i posvedočiti danas. Takođe, nagnala je sve one ljude koji su tumarali pustinjom - tragajući za vodom, za hranom, pokušavajući da se staraju o svojoj stoci - da se urbanizuju.
You might find this strange, but in my family we have different accents. My mother has an accent that is so different to my father, and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country. There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak. Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?" Because we lived scattered. We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources. And when the resources came, be it oil, we started building these fancy technologies and bringing people together because we needed the concentration. People started to get to know each other. And we realized that there are some differences in accents.
Ovo vam može biti čudno, ali u mojoj porodici imamo drugačije akcente. Moja majka ima akcenat koji je toliko drugačiji od mog oca, a mi svi činimo populaciju od oko 300 000 ljudi u istoj državi. Postoji oko pet ili šest akcenata u ovoj zemlji u ovom trenutku. Neko kaže: "Kako to? Kako je to moguće?" Zato što živimo raštrkani. Ne bismo mogli da živimo koncentrisano jednostavno zato što nije bilo resursa. A kada su resursi došli, bilo da se radilo o nafti, počeli smo da stvaramo ove napredne tehnologije i da spajamo ljude jer nam je trebala koncentrisanost. Ljudi su počeli da se upoznaju. I shvatili smo da postoje neke razlike u akcentima.
So that is the chapter two: the oil era. Let's look at today. This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha. So what's the population today? It's 1.7 million people. That is in less than 60 years. The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years. Lifespan has increased to 78. Water consumption has increased to 430 liters. And this is amongst the highest worldwide. From having no water whatsoever to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation. I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.
Dakle to je drugo poglavlje: era nafte. Pogledajmo današnjicu. Ovo je verovatno linija neba koju većina vas poznaje u vezi sa Dohom. Pa kolika je populacija danas? 1,7 miliona ljudi. Za manje od 60 godina. Prosečan rast naše privrede je oko 15 procenata za proteklih pet godina. Životni vek se povećao na 78. Potrošnja vode se povećala na 430 litara. A to spada u najveće na svetu. Od toga da nismo imali nimalo vode do toga da trošimo vodu u najvećoj meri, većoj nego kod bilo koje druge nacije. Ne znam da li je to bila reakcija na nedostatak vode.
But what is interesting about the story that I've just said? The interesting part is that we continue to grow 15 percent every year for the past five years without water. Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history. Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water. This is history being made in this region. Not only cities that we're building, but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors. Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house. These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't. But of course, with the use of technology. So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain. Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.
Ali šta je interesantno u vezi sa pričom koju sam upravo ispričao? Interesantni deo je da nastavljamo da rastemo 15 procenata svake godine u poslednjih pet godina bez vode. Dakle to je istorijski podatak. To se nikada ranije nije desilo u istoriji. Gradovi su bivali potpuno zbrisani zbog nedostatka vode. To je stvaranje istorije u ovom regionu. Mi ne gradimo samo gradove, već gradove sa snovima i ljudima koji žele da budu naučnici, doktori. Sagraditi lep dom, dovesti arhitektu, osmisliti moju kuću. Ovi ljudi su čvrsto rešeni da je ovo mesto gde se može živeti i onda kada nije bilo. Ali naravno, uz upotrebu tehnologije. Dakle Brazil ima 1.782 milimetara padavina godišnje. Katar ima 74 i imamo takvu stopu rasta.
The question is how. How could we survive that? We have no water whatsoever. Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination. Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything. It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of, probably most of you used it coming to Doha. So that is our lake, if you can see it. That is our river. That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water. This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.
Pitanje je kako. Kako smo mogli da preživimo to? Mi nemamo nimalo vode. Jednostavno zahvaljujući ovoj džinovskoj, mamutskoj mašini zvanoj desalinizacija. Energija je ovde ključni faktor. Ona je sve promenila. Ta stvar koju ispumpavamo iz zemlje, koju sagorevamo na tone, verovatno ju je većina vas koristila da dođe u Dohu. Dakle to je naše jezero, ako razumete. To je naša reka. To je način na koju svi vi koristite i uživate u vodi. To je najbojla tehnologija koju je ovaj region ikada mogao imati: desalinizacija.
So what are the risks? Do you worry much? I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts, you will realize, of course I have to worry. There is growing demand, growing population. We've turned seven billion only a few months ago. And so that number also demands food. And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.
A koji su rizici? Da li se mnogo brinete? Rekao bih, možda ako pogledate globalne činjenice, shvatićete, naravno da moram da se brinem. Postoji sve veća tražnja, sve veća populacija. Premašili smo sedam milijardi pre samo nekoliko meseci. I stoga taj broj takođe zahteva hranu. I postoje predviđanja da će biti devet milijardi do 2050.
So a country that has no water has to worry about what happens beyond its borders. There's also changing diets. By elevating to a higher socio-economic level, they also change their diet. They start eating more meat and so on and so forth. On the other hand, there is declining yields because of climate change and because of other factors. And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.
Dakle zemlja koja nema vode mora da se brine zbog onoga što se dešava van njenih granica. Tu su i promene u ishrani. Uzdizanjem na viši društveno-ekonomski nivo, oni menjaju i svoju ishranu. Počinju da jedu više mesa i tako dalje. Sa druge strane, opadaju prinosi zbog klimatskih promena i zbog drugih faktora. I tako neko mora da zaista spozna kada će se kriza dogoditi.
This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know. We only have two days of water reserve. We import 90 percent of our food, and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land. The limited number of farmers that we have have been pushed out of their farming practices as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc. So we also face risks. These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.
Takva je situacija u Kataru, za one koji ne znaju. Mi imamo zalihe vode samo za dva dana. Uvozimo 90 procenata naše hrane i obrađujemo manje od jednog procenta našeg zemljišta. Ograničeni broj farmera koje imamo potisnut je sa njihovih farmerskih aktivnosti usled politike otvorenog tržišta i dovođenja velike konkurencije, itd, itd. Dakle mi se suočavamo i sa rizicima. Ovi rizici direktno utiču na održivost ove nacije i njen kontinuitet.
The question is, is there a solution? Is there a sustainable solution? Indeed there is. This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents that we've been working on over the past two years. Let's start with the water. So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy. So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy? A depletable energy? Fossil fuel? Or should we use something else? Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy? I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun. And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need. And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water. And that is a lot of water.
Pitanje je, da li postoji rešenje? Postoji li održivo rešenje? Postoji i te kako. Ovaj slajd rezimira hiljade stranica tehničke dokumentacije na kojoj smo radili tokom protekle dve godine. Počnimo sa vodom. Znamo veoma dobro - pokazao sam vam ranije - da nam je potrebna ova energija. Ako će nam trebati energija, koja vrsta energije? Ograničeni izvori energije? Fosilna goriva? Ili treba da koristimo nešto drugo? Da li smo u relativnoj prednosti da koristimo drugu vrstu energije? Pretpostavljam da većina vas sada već shvata da jesmo: 300 sunčanih dana. I tako ćemo koristiti tu obnovljivu energiju da proizvedemo vodu koja nam je potrebna. I verovatno ćemo iskoristiti 1800 megavati solarnih sistema da proizvedemo 3,5 miliona kubnih metara vode. A to je dosta vode.
That water will go then to the farmers, and the farmers will be able to water their plants, and they will be able then to supply society with food. But in order to sustain the horizontal line -- because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver -- we need to also develop the vertical line: system sustenance, high-level education, research and development, industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets. But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations. Without it we can't do anything.
Ta voda će potom otići do farmera, koji će moći da zalivaju biljke i onda će moći da obezbede hranu za društvo. Ali da bismo održali horizontalnu liniju - jer to su projekti, to su sistemi koje ćemo isporučti - moramo da razvijemo i vertikalnu liniju: održavanje sistema, visoko obrazovanje, istraživanje i razvoj, industrije, tehnologije, da bismo proizveli ove tehnologije za primenu i konačno tržišta. Ali ono što sjedinjuje sve to, što sve to omogućava, jeste zakonodavstvo, strategije, propisi. Bez toga ne možemo ništa da uradimo.
So that's what we are planning to do. Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan and taking it to implementation. Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around: Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo. We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever as a city, to live in peace.
Dakle to je ono što planiramo da uradimo. Za dve godine trebalo bi da završimo ovaj plan i da krenemo sa primenom. Naš cilj je da bjudemo milenijumski grad, poput mnogih drugih milenijumskih gradova: Istanbula, Rima, Londona, Pariza, Damaska, Kaira. Imamo samo 60 godina, ali želimo da živimo zauvek kao grad, da živimo u miru.
Thank you very much.
Hvala vam mnogo.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)