Salaam alaikum. Welcome to Doha. I am in charge of making this country's food secure. That is my job for the next two years, to design an entire master plan, and then for the next 10 years to implement it -- of course, with so many other people. But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story, about the story of this country that you're all here in today. And of course, most of you have had three meals today, and probably will continue to have after this event.
Salaam alaikum. Selamat datang ke Doha. Saya bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan makanan di negara ini. Inilah kerja saya untuk 2 tahun akan datang, untuk mereka sebuah pelan induk, dan saya mempunyai 10 tahun untuk melaksanakannya -- Semestinya, dengan bantuan ramai yang lain. Tapi pertama sekali, saya nak ceritakan tentang negara ini. Semestinya, anda sudah makan 3 kali hari ini, dan mungkin juga sekali lagi selepas majlis ini.
So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s? We were about 11,000 people living here. There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that. Most of the people who lived here either lived in coastal villages, fishing, or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water. None of the glamour that you see today existed. No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh. It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities. Resources weren't there to develop them. And you can see that life expectancy was also short. Most people died around the age of 50.
Mari kita teruskan. Apakah keadaan Qatar pada tahun 1940-an? Hanya 11,000 orang yang tinggal di sini. Tempat ini tiada air, tenaga, minyak, dan kereta. Kebanyakan orang yang tinggal di sini tinggal di kawasan persisiran pantai dan menangkap ikan atau merupakan nomad yang merayau merata untuk mencari sumber air Tidak pernah ada semua kemewahan yang anda dapat lihat pada hari ini. Tiada bandar seperti Doha, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait atau Riyadh. Bukan disebabkan mereka tidak mampu membinanya, tapi mereka tiada sumber yang mencukupi. Jangka hayat rakyat negara ini pendek. Kebanyakannya meninggal dunia di sekitar usia 50 tahun.
So let's move to chapter two: the oil era. 1939, that's when they discovered oil. But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially until after the Second World War. What did it do? It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness. It also made all those people who roamed around the desert -- looking for water, looking for food, trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.
Mari kita teruskan: Zaman minyak. Mereka menemui punca minyak pada tahun 1939. Tapi ia tidak digunakan secara komersial sepenuhnya sehinggalah selepas Perang Dunia Kedua. Apakah kesan penemuan minyak? Ia mengubah wajah negara ini, seperti yang anda dapat lihat kini. Ia juga menyebabkan nomad di padang pasir -- mencari air dan makanan, dan menjaga ternakan mereka -- pembandaran.
You might find this strange, but in my family we have different accents. My mother has an accent that is so different to my father, and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country. There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak. Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?" Because we lived scattered. We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources. And when the resources came, be it oil, we started building these fancy technologies and bringing people together because we needed the concentration. People started to get to know each other. And we realized that there are some differences in accents.
Mungkin anda merasakan bahawa ini pelik, tetapi ahli keluarga saya berbahasa dengan pelbagai loghat. Loghat ibu saya begitu berbeza dengan loghat ayah saya. Rakyat negara ini hanyalah dalam 300,000 orang. Tetapi ada 5 atau 6 loghat bahasa negara saya. Ada orang tanya saya, "Bagaimana ini boleh terjadi?" Jawapannya, kami hidup di tempat yang berbeza. Kami tidak bertumpu di sesebuah kawasan kerana ketiadaan sumber. Apabila terdapatnya sumber, yakni minyak, kami mula mereka pelbagai teknologi canggih dan menumpukan penduduk di sesebuh kawasan. Mereka mula mengenali antara satu sama lain. Kami tahu tentang kepelbagaian loghat bahasa kami.
So that is the chapter two: the oil era. Let's look at today. This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha. So what's the population today? It's 1.7 million people. That is in less than 60 years. The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years. Lifespan has increased to 78. Water consumption has increased to 430 liters. And this is amongst the highest worldwide. From having no water whatsoever to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation. I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.
Itulah zaman penemuan minyak. Mari kita lihat zaman sekarang. Inilah pemandangan Doha yang anda semua kenali. Berapakah jumlah penduduk? Seramai 1.7 juta orang. Ia dicapai dalam masa kurang daripada 60 tahun. Kadar purata pertumbuhan ekonomi ialah 15% selama 5 tahun yang lalu. Kadar hayat meningkat kepada 78 tahun. Penggunaan air meningkat kepada 430 liter. Ia adalah antara yang tertinggi di dunia. Daripada tidak mempunyai sumber air hinggalah menggunakan air dengan kadar yang amat tinggi. Entah ini merupakan reaksi terhadap ketiadaan air.
But what is interesting about the story that I've just said? The interesting part is that we continue to grow 15 percent every year for the past five years without water. Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history. Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water. This is history being made in this region. Not only cities that we're building, but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors. Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house. These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't. But of course, with the use of technology. So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain. Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.
Apakah yang menariknya tentang cerita saya? Yang menarik ialah, berlakunya pertumbuhan ekonomi 15% selama 5 tahun tanpa sumber air. Ia sesuatu yang tidak pernah berlaku dalam sejarah. Banyak bandar musnah kerana ketiadaan air. Sejarah ini tercipta di rantau ini. Bukan sahaja bandar semata-mata yang kami bina, tetapi bandar-bandar yang penuh dengan impian dan orang yang mahu menjadi ahli sains dan doktor. Bina rumah yang mewah, pilih seorang jurubina dan reka rumah saya. Mereka percaya tempat ini sesuai didiami walhal ia sebaliknya. Semestinya, mereka perlukan teknologi. Kadar pemendapan air hujan di Brazil ialah 1,782 mm setahun. Di Qatar ialah 74 mm, walhal kadar pertumbuhan kami adalah tinggi.
The question is how. How could we survive that? We have no water whatsoever. Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination. Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything. It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of, probably most of you used it coming to Doha. So that is our lake, if you can see it. That is our river. That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water. This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.
Jadi soalannya, bagaimana? Bagaimana kami boleh hidup sebegini? Kami tidak mempunyai air. Jawapannya, mesin penyahgaraman yang besar ini. Sumber tenaga ialah faktor utama. Ia mengubah segalanya. Ia benda yang kami gali dari bawah tanah, kami gunakannya dalam kadar yang tinggi. Mungkin anda gunakannya untuk datang ke Doha. Itulah tasik kami, jika anda boleh lihat. Itulah sungai kami. Dengan itulah anda dapat menggunakan air. Inilah teknologi terbaik yang terdapat di rantau ini: penyahgaraman.
So what are the risks? Do you worry much? I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts, you will realize, of course I have to worry. There is growing demand, growing population. We've turned seven billion only a few months ago. And so that number also demands food. And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.
Apakah risikonya? Anda risaukah? Jika anda lihat fakta global, anda akan sedar, semestinya anda perlu risau. Kadar permintaan dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk telah meningkat. Jumlah penduduk mencecah 7 bilion beberapa bulan lalu. Kami semua memerlukan makanan. Diramalkan kami akan mencecah 9 bilion menjelang tahun 2050.
So a country that has no water has to worry about what happens beyond its borders. There's also changing diets. By elevating to a higher socio-economic level, they also change their diet. They start eating more meat and so on and so forth. On the other hand, there is declining yields because of climate change and because of other factors. And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.
Jadi, negara yang tiada air perlu risaukan apa yang akan terjadi di luar rantaunya. Cara pemakanan juga berubah. Dengan peningkatan kadar sosioekonomi, rakyatnya mengubah cara pemakanannya. Mereka mula makan lebih banyak daging dan sebagainya. Selain itu, kadar hasil tanaman menurun kerana perubahan cuaca dan pelbagai faktor lain. Jadi, seseorang kena sedar bila akan terjadinya sesuatu krisis.
This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know. We only have two days of water reserve. We import 90 percent of our food, and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land. The limited number of farmers that we have have been pushed out of their farming practices as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc. So we also face risks. These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.
Inilah situasinya di Qatar, bagi mereka yang tidak tahu. Kami hanya mempunyai simpanan air untuk 2 hari sahaja. Kami mengimport 90% daripada makanan kami, Kami mengerjakan 1% daripada tanah kami. Jumlah petani kami yang rendah tersingkir daripada bidang pertanian kerana dasar perdagangan terbuka yang membawa masuk persaingan sengit dan sebagainya. Jadi, kami menghadapi risikonya. Ia mempengaruhi kelestarian dan kesinambungan negara ini secara langsung.
The question is, is there a solution? Is there a sustainable solution? Indeed there is. This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents that we've been working on over the past two years. Let's start with the water. So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy. So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy? A depletable energy? Fossil fuel? Or should we use something else? Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy? I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun. And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need. And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water. And that is a lot of water.
Soalannya, adakah terdapat penyelesaian? Adakah terdapat penyelesaian yang lestari? Sebenarnya ada. Slaid ini menyimpulkan dokumen teknikal yang kami usahakan selama 2 tahun yang lalu. Mari kita mulakan dengan isu air. Kita sudah tahu -- saya tunjukkan awal tadi -- kami perlukan sumber tenaga ini. Kami perlukan sumber tenaga, tetapi jenis apa? Sumber tenaga boleh habis? Bahan bakar fosil? Atau sumber lain? Mampukah kami menggunakan sumber tenaga yang lain? Saya rasa, anda tahu jawapannya, ya: Kami ada cahaya matahari sebanyak 300 hari. Kami akan menggunakan tenaga yang boleh dibaharui untuk menghasilkan air yang diperlukan. Kami perlukan 1,800 megawatt tenaga suria untuk menghasilkan 3.5 juta meter padu air. Jumlah itu sungguh banyak.
That water will go then to the farmers, and the farmers will be able to water their plants, and they will be able then to supply society with food. But in order to sustain the horizontal line -- because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver -- we need to also develop the vertical line: system sustenance, high-level education, research and development, industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets. But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations. Without it we can't do anything.
Air tersebut akan disalurkan kepada petani. Mereka boleh mengendalikan pertanian mereka dan membekalkan hasil kepada masyarakat. Tetapi untuk melestarikan bahagian melintang ini -- kerana inilah sistem yang kami akan hasilkan -- kami juga perlu membangunkan bahagian menegak ini: penyelenggaraan sistem, pendidikan bertaraf tinggi, penyelidikan dan pembangunan, industri, teknologi, menghasilkan teknologi untuk digunakan, dan pasaran. Tetapi apa yang membolehkannya berlaku ialah undang-undang, polisi dan peraturan. Tanpanya, kami tak mampu lakukan apa-apa.
So that's what we are planning to do. Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan and taking it to implementation. Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around: Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo. We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever as a city, to live in peace.
Jadi, itulah yang kami mahu lakukan. Harap-harap kami dapat siapkan pelan ini dalam masa 2 tahun dan laksanakannya. Objektif kami adalah untuk menjadi sebuah kota alaf baru, seperti kota-kota yang kita dapat lihat hari ini: Istanbul, Rom, London, Paris, Damsyik, Kaherah. Kami hanya berumur 60 tahun, tetapi kami mahu hidup selama-lamanya sebagai sebuah kota, untuk hidup dalam kesejahteraan.
Thank you very much.
Terima kasih banyak-banyak.
(Applause)
(Tepukan)