Salaam alaikum. Welcome to Doha. I am in charge of making this country's food secure. That is my job for the next two years, to design an entire master plan, and then for the next 10 years to implement it -- of course, with so many other people. But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story, about the story of this country that you're all here in today. And of course, most of you have had three meals today, and probably will continue to have after this event.
Selam alejkum (mir s vama). Dobrodošli u Dohu. Ja sam zadužen da hrana u ovoj državi bude sigurna. U sljedeće dvije godine moj je posao dizajnirati cijeloviti dugoročni plan a zatim ga u sljedećih 10 godina implementirati - naravno, zajedno s mnogo drugih ljudi. Ali prvo, moram vam ispričati priču koja je moja priča, priču o zemlji u kojoj ste danas. I naravno, većina vas je danas jela tri obroka, i vjerojatno će jednako nastaviti nakon ovog događaja.
So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s? We were about 11,000 people living here. There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that. Most of the people who lived here either lived in coastal villages, fishing, or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water. None of the glamour that you see today existed. No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh. It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities. Resources weren't there to develop them. And you can see that life expectancy was also short. Most people died around the age of 50.
Dakle, počnimo, što je Katar bio u 1940-ima? Ovdje je živjelo otprilike 11,000 ljudi. Nije bilo vode. Nije bilo energije, nafte, auta, ništa od toga. Većina od ljudi koji su ovdje živjeli, živjela je ili u obalnim selima, ribareći ili su bili nomadi koji su lutali okruženjem pokušavajući pronaći vodu. Ništa od glamura koji danas vidite nije postojalo. Ni gradovi kakve danas vidite u Dohi, Dubaiju, Abu Dabiju, Kuvajtu ili Rijadu. Nije da tada nisu mogli razviti gradove, nisu postojali resursi za razviti ih. A možete vidjeti i da je očekivano trajanje života bilo kratko. Većina ljudi umirala je u blizini 50-ih godina.
So let's move to chapter two: the oil era. 1939, that's when they discovered oil. But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially until after the Second World War. What did it do? It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness. It also made all those people who roamed around the desert -- looking for water, looking for food, trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.
Krenimo na drugo poglavlje: doba nafte. 1939. godina, tada je nafta otkrivena. Nažalost, nije u potpunosti komercijalno iskorištena do nakon Drugog svjetskog rata. Što je nafta uzrokovala? Promijenila je ovu zemlju iz temelja, što danas možete vidjeti i osjetiti. Ovo je, također, sve one ljude koji su lutali pustinjom - tražeći vodu, tražeći hranu, pokušavajući se brinuti o stoci - urbaniziralo.
You might find this strange, but in my family we have different accents. My mother has an accent that is so different to my father, and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country. There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak. Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?" Because we lived scattered. We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources. And when the resources came, be it oil, we started building these fancy technologies and bringing people together because we needed the concentration. People started to get to know each other. And we realized that there are some differences in accents.
Ovo vam se može činiti čudnim, ali mi u mojoj obitelji imamo različite naglaske. Moja majka ima naglasak koji je vrlo različit od naglaska mog oca, a populacija smo od otprilike 300.000 ljudi u istoj državi. Danas u ovoj zemlji postoje pet ili šest različitih naglasaka. Netko se može pitati: "Kako? Kako se ovo moglo dogoditi?" Zato što smo živjeli raspršeno. Nismo mogli živjeti na koncentriranom prostoru jednostavno zato što nije bilo resursa. A kada su resursi stigli, bila je to nafta, počeli smo razvijati moderne tehnologije i skupljati ljude zajedno jer smo trebali koncentraciju. Ljudi su se počeli upoznavati. I shvatili smo da postoje razlike u naglascima.
So that is the chapter two: the oil era. Let's look at today. This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha. So what's the population today? It's 1.7 million people. That is in less than 60 years. The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years. Lifespan has increased to 78. Water consumption has increased to 430 liters. And this is amongst the highest worldwide. From having no water whatsoever to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation. I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.
Dakle, ovo je poglavlje dva: doba nafte. Pogledajmo današnju sliku. Ovo je krajolik po kojem većina vas vjerojatno zna Dohu. Koja je današnja populacija? Ona iznosi 1.7 milijuna ljudi. Ovo se dogodilo u manje od 60 godina. Prosječan rast gospodarstva je približno 15 posto u proteklih pet godina. Očekivani životni vijek se produžio na 78. Potrošnja vode je porasla na 430 litara po osobi. I među najvećima je u svijetu. Od potpune nestašice vode do potrošnje na najvišoj razini, višoj od bilo koje druge nacije. Ne znam je li ovo rezultat nestašice vode.
But what is interesting about the story that I've just said? The interesting part is that we continue to grow 15 percent every year for the past five years without water. Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history. Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water. This is history being made in this region. Not only cities that we're building, but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors. Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house. These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't. But of course, with the use of technology. So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain. Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.
Ali što je zanimljivo u priči koju sam upravo ispričao? Zanimljiv dio je što nastavljamo rasti 15 posto svake godine u proteklih pet godina, bez vode. Ovo je nešto povijesno. Nikad se ranije nije dogodilo u povijesti. Gradovi su u potpunosti izbrisani zbog nedostatka vode. Povijest se piše u ovoj regiji. Ne samo gradovi koje gradimo, nego gradovi sa snovima i ljudima koji žele biti znanstvenici, doktori. Živi, sagradi lijep dom, dovedi arhitekta, dizajniraj kuću. Ovi ljudi su uporni da je ovo prostor za život, iako nije bio. Ali naravno, uz korištenje tehnologije. Brazil ima 1.782 milimetara kiše i padalina godišnje. Katar ima 74, ali imamo ovakvu stopu rasta.
The question is how. How could we survive that? We have no water whatsoever. Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination. Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything. It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of, probably most of you used it coming to Doha. So that is our lake, if you can see it. That is our river. That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water. This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.
Pitanje je, kako? Kako smo uspjeli to preživjeti? Uopće nemamo vode. Jednostavno zbog ovog gigantskog, mamutskog stroja zvanog desalinizator. Energija je ovdje ključni faktor. Sve je promijenila. Ona je to što pumpamo iz tla, čega tone spaljujemo, većina ju je vjerojatno koristila tijekom dolaska u Dohu. To je, dakle, naše jezero, ako ga možete zamisliti. To je naša rijeka. Tako se dogodilo da svi vi možete koristiti i uživati vodu. To je najbolja tehnologija koju ova regija ikad može imati: desalinizacija.
So what are the risks? Do you worry much? I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts, you will realize, of course I have to worry. There is growing demand, growing population. We've turned seven billion only a few months ago. And so that number also demands food. And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.
Što su rizici? Brine li vas to mnogo? Rekao bih, pogledate li možda globalne činjenice, shvatit ćete, naravno da se brinem. Potražnja je sve snažnija, populacija raste, A premašili smo sedam milijardi prije tek nekoliko mjeseci. Ovaj broj ljudi zahjeva hranu. Postoje predviđanja da će nas biti devet milijardi do 2050.
So a country that has no water has to worry about what happens beyond its borders. There's also changing diets. By elevating to a higher socio-economic level, they also change their diet. They start eating more meat and so on and so forth. On the other hand, there is declining yields because of climate change and because of other factors. And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.
I zato se zemlja koja nema vode mora brinuti što se događa izvan njezinih granica. Prehrana se također mijenja. Porastom na viši socio-ekonomski nivo, ljudi također mijenjaju svoju prehranu. Počinju jesti više mesa i sve što slijedi. U drugu ruku, prinosi padaju zbog klimatskih promjena i ostalih faktora. I netko mora zbilja shvatiti kad će se kriza dogoditi.
This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know. We only have two days of water reserve. We import 90 percent of our food, and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land. The limited number of farmers that we have have been pushed out of their farming practices as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc. So we also face risks. These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.
Ovo je situacija u Katru, za one koji ne znaju. Imamo rezervu vode za samo dva dana. Uvozimo 90 posto naše hrane i obrađujemo manje od jednog postotka naše zemlje. Ograničeni broj poljoprivrednika koje imamo nikad nisu bili izgurani od svojih poljoprivrednih praksi kao rezultat otvorenog tržišta i dolaska velikih igrača itd. Zbog toga i nama prijete rizici. Ovi rizici direktno utječu na održivost ove nacije i naš opstanak.
The question is, is there a solution? Is there a sustainable solution? Indeed there is. This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents that we've been working on over the past two years. Let's start with the water. So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy. So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy? A depletable energy? Fossil fuel? Or should we use something else? Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy? I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun. And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need. And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water. And that is a lot of water.
Pitanje je: postoji li rješenje? Postoji li održivo rješenje? Zapravo, postoji. Ovaj prikaz sažima tisuće stranica tehničkih dokumenata na kojima radimo u protekle dvije godine. Krenimo od vode. Znamo vrlo dobro - ranije sam vam pokazao - da trebamo energiju. Ako će nam trebati energija, koji tip energije? Iscrpljiva energija? Fosilna goriva? Ili bismo trebali koristiti nešto drugo? Imamo li komparativnu prednost u korištenju neke druge verste energije? Pretpostavljam da vas do sada većina shvaća da imamo: 300 dana sunca. Koristit ćemo ovu obnovljivu energiju da proizvedemo vodu koja nam je potrebna. Vjerojatno ćemo postaviti 1.800 megavata solarnih sustava da bismo proizveli 3,5 milijuna kubičnih metara vode. A to je mnogo vode.
That water will go then to the farmers, and the farmers will be able to water their plants, and they will be able then to supply society with food. But in order to sustain the horizontal line -- because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver -- we need to also develop the vertical line: system sustenance, high-level education, research and development, industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets. But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations. Without it we can't do anything.
Ova će voda zatim ići poljoprivrednicima i poljoprivrednici će moći zalijevati svoje biljke, i bit će u mogućnosti opskrbiti društvo hranom. Ali kako bi horizontalna linija bila održiva - jer ovo su projekti, ovo su sustavi koje ćemo isporučiti - moramo također razviti i vertikalnu liniju: održavanje sustava, obrazovanje na visokom nivou, istraživanje i razvoj, industrija, tehnologije, kako bismo proizveli ove tehnologije za primjenu i konačno za tržišta. Ali ono što pokreće i omogućuje je sve ovo je zakonodavstvo, politike i regulacije. Bez njih, ne možemo ništa.
So that's what we are planning to do. Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan and taking it to implementation. Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around: Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo. We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever as a city, to live in peace.
I to je ono što planiramo učiniti. U sljedeće dvije godine nadamo se završiti s ovim planom i prijeći na njegovu implementaciju. Naš cilj je biti milenijski grad, kao mnogi milenijski gradovi drugdje: Istanbul, Rim, London, Pariz, Damask, Kairo. Stari smo samo 60 godina, ali želimo živjeti zauvijek kao grad, živjeti u miru.
Thank you very much.
Mnogo vam hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)