For some time I have been interested in the placebo effect, which might seem like an odd thing for a magician to be interested in, unless you think of it in the terms that I do, which is, "Something fake is believed in enough by somebody that it becomes something real." In other words, sugar pills have a measurable effect in certain kinds of studies, the placebo effect, just because the person thinks that what's happening to them is a pharmaceutical or some sort of a -- for pain management, for example, if they believe it enough there is a measurable effect in the body called the placebo effect. Something fake becomes something real because of someone's perception of it.
Već neko vrijeme se zanimam za placebo učinak, što može izgledati kao neka neobična stvar da to zanima jednog mađioničara, osim ako promišljate o tome na način kao ja, a to je "nešto lažno u što netko vjeruje dovoljno jako ono postaje stvarno." Drugim riječima, šećerne pilule imaju mjerljiv učinak u nekim vrstama istraživanja, placebo učinak, samo zato što osoba misli da ono što joj se događa je farmaceutsko ili neka vrsta... Za kontrolu boli, na primjer, ako u to vjeruju dovoljno, postoji mjerljiv učinak u tijelu koji se naziva placebo učinak. Nešto lažno postaje nešto stvarno zbog nečije percepcije toga.
In order for us to understand each other, I want to start by showing you a rudimentary, very simple magic trick. And I'm going to show you how it works. This is a trick that's been in every children's magic book since at least the 1950s. I learned it myself from Cub Scout Magic in the 1970s. I'll do it for you, and then I'll explain it. And then I'll explain why I explained it.
U cilju da razumijemo jedni druge želio bih početi s pokazivanjem jednog zastarjelog, veoma jednostavnog mađioničarskog trika. I pokazat ću vam kako on djeluje. Ovo je trik koji se nalazi u svakoj dječjoj mađioničarskoj knjizi još od 1950-tih. Sam sam ga naučio od Cub Scout Magica tamo 1970-tih. Prikazat ću vam ga, a zatim objasniti. A onda ću objasniti zašto sam ga objasnio.
So, here's what happens. The knife, which you can examine; my hand, which you could examine. I'm just going to hold the knife in my fist like this. I'll get my sleeve back. And to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve I'm just going to squeeze my wrist right here. That way you can see that at no time can anything travel, as long as I'm squeezing there nothing can go up or down my sleeve. And the object of this is quite simple. I'm going to open my hand, and hopefully, if all is well, my pure animal magnetism will hold the knife. In fact it's held so tightly in place that I can shake it, and the knife does not come off. Nothing goes up or down my sleeve, no trickery. And you can examine everything. Ta-da! (Applause)
Onda, evo što se događa. Nož, kojega možete provjeriti; moja ruka, koju možete provjeriti. Jednostavno ću držati nož u svojoj šaci ovako. Zavrnuti ću rukave. I da bi bili uvjereni da baš ništa ne ide gore ili dolje mojim rukavom jednostavno ću stegnuti svoje zapešće evo ovdje. Na taj način možete vidjeti da nikako ništa ne može doći. Sve dok stežem ovdje ništa ne može ići uz ili niz moj rukav. A svrha ovoga je prilično jednostavna. Otvorit ću svoju ruku, i nadajmo se, ako sve bude u redu, da će moj čisti životinjski magnetizam zadržati nož. U stvari on ga drži tako čvrsto na mjestu da ga ja mogu tresti, a nož ne pada. Ništa ne ide uz ili niz moj rukav, nema nikakvog varanja. Možete provjeriti sve. Ta-da! (Pljesak)
So, this is a trick that I often teach to young children that are interested in magic, because you can learn a great deal about deception by studying this very -- even though it's a very simple trick methodologically. Probably many of you in the room know this trick. What happens is this. I hold the knife in my hand. I say I'm going to grab hold of my wrist to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve, that is a lie.
Ovo je trik kojega često učim malu djecu koja se zanimaju za mađioničarstvo, jer se može naučiti mnogo o obmani učeći ovaj -- čak iako je metodološki veoma jednostavan trik. Vjerojatni mnogi od vas ovdje u sali poznaju ovaj trik. Ono što se događa je sljedeće. Držim nož u svojoj ruci. Kažem da ću stegnuti svoje zapešće da bi bili sigurni da ništa neće stići uz ili niz moj rukav, to je laž.
The reason I'm holding onto my wrist is because that's actually the secret of the illusion. In a moment when my hand moves from facing you to being away from you, this finger right here, my index finger is just going to shift from where it is, to a position pointing out like this. Nice one. Someone who didn't have a childhood is out there. (Laughter)
Razlog zbog kojega pridržavam zapešće je taj što je u stvari baš to tajna ove iluzije. U trenutku kada se moja ruka pomiče od vašeg izravnog pogleda da bi se okrenula od vas, ovaj prst ovdje, moj kažiprst će se pomjeriti s mjesta gdje je bio, na poziciju da pokazuje, evo ovako. Dobar štos. Ali za nekoga koji nije imao djetinjstvo. (Smijeh)
So, it goes like this, from here, right. And as I move around my finger shifts. And we could talk about why this is deceptive, why you don't notice there are only three fingers down here, because the mind, and the way it processes information, it doesn't count, one, two, three. It groups them. But that's not really what this is about. Right? And then I open my hand up. Obviously it's clinging there, not by animal magnetism, but by chicanery, my index finger being there. And then when I close my finger, same thing, as I move back, this motion kind of covers the moving back of my finger. I take this hand away. You give the knife out. There is a trick you can do for your friends and neighbors. Thanks.
Znači, ide ovako, odavde, je li tako. I kad pomjeram, moj prst se pomiče. Možemo razgovarati o tome zašto je ovo obmanjujuće, zašto niste zamijetili da je tamo dolje samo tri prsta, zbog uma i načina kako on obrađuje informacije, on ne broji, jedan, dva, tri. On ih grupira. No ovo ne može biti stvarno. Zar ne? I onda otvorim šaku. Očigledno je priljubljen, ne zbog životinjskog magnetizma, nego zbog neke varke, moj kažiprst je tamo. I onda kada zatvaram prste, ista stvar, kako pomičem natrag, ovaj pokret vrsta zaklona za vraćanje prsta. Sklanjam ovu ruku. Uzimate nož van. To je trik kojega možete pokazati vašim prijateljima i susjedima. Hvala.
Now, (Laughter) what does that have to do with the placebo effect? I read a study a year or so ago that really blew my mind wide open. I'm not a doctor or a researcher, so this, to me, was an astonishing thing. It turns out that if you administer a placebo in the form of a white pill, that's like aspirin shaped -- it's just a round white pill -- it has some certain measurable effect. But if you change the form that you give the placebo in, like you make a smaller pill, and color it blue, and stamp a letter into it, it is actually measurably more effective. Even though neither one of these things has any pharmaceutical -- they're sugar pills. But a white pill is not as good as a blue pill. What? (Laughter) That really flipped me out.
Sada, (smijeh) kakve ovo ima veze s placebo učinkom? Pročitao sam istraživanje, prije nekih godinu dana koje me je uistinu zaprepastilo. Nisam liječnik niti istraživač, i ovo je za mene bila zapanjujuća stvar. Ispada da ako dajete placebo u obliku bijele pilule, to je oblika kao aspirin, to je samo okrugla bijela pilula, da to ima određeni mjerljivi učinak. No, ako promijenite oblik kojega dajete kao placebo, kao recimo načinite manju pilulu, i obojate je u plavo, i utisnete slovo u nju, to daje veće mjerljive učinke. Mada niti jedna od ovih stvari nema ništa farmaceutsko -- to su pilule od šećera. Međutim, bijela pilula nije tako dobra kao plava. Što? (Smijeh) To me uistinu izbezumilo.
Turns out though, that that's not even where it stops. If you have capsules, they're more effective than tablets in any form. A colored capsule, that's yellow on one end and red on the other is better than a white capsule. Dosage has something to do with this. One pill twice a day is not as good at three pills -- I don't remember the statistic now. Sorry. But the point is ... (Laughter) ... these dosages have something to do with it. And the form has something to do with it. And if you want the ultimate in placebo, you've go to the needle. Right? A syringe with some inert -- a couple CCs of some inert something, and you inject this into a patient ... Well this is such a powerful image in their mind, it's so much stronger than the white pill.
Ispada da, ali to nije sve. Ako imate kapsule, one su učinkovitije od tableta bilo kojeg oblika. Obojane kapsule, to je žuta na jednom kraju i crvena na drugom su bolje nego bijele kapsule. S ovim u vezi je i doziranje. Jedna pilula dvaput na dan nije tako dobra kao tri pilule -- Sad se ne sjećam statistike. Žao mi je. Ali poanta je... (Smijeh) ... da ova doziranja imaju nešto s tim. I oblik ima veze s ovim. No ako želite maksimum kod placeba ide se na iglu. Je li tako? Šprica sa nečim inertnim -- par kubičnih centimatara s nekoliko inertnog nečega, i to ubrizgate u pacijenta ... To je strašno moćna slika u njihovim imovima, Mnogo je snažnija nego bijela pilula.
It's a really, this graph, well I'll show it to you some other time when we have slides. The point is the white pill is not as good as the blue pill is not as good as the capsule is not as good as the needle. And none of it has any real pharmaceutical quality, it's only your belief that makes it real in your body and makes a stronger effect. I wanted to see if I could take that idea and apply it to a magic trick. And take something that is obviously a fake trick and make it seem real. And we know from that study that when you want reality, you go to the needle.
Stvarno je, taj graf, pokazat ću vam nekom drugom prilikom kad budemo imali slajdove Poanta je bijela pilula nije toliko dobra kao što je plava nije tako dobra kao kapsula, nije dobra koliko igla. A niti jedno od njih nemaju stvaran farmaceutski učinak. Jedino je vaše vjerovanje to koje ih čini stvarnim za vaše tijelo i izaziva jači učinak. Želio sam se uvjeriti mogu li koristiti tu ideju i primijeniti je kroz mađioničarski trik. Prikazati nešto što je očigledno lažan trik i učiniti ga da izgleda stvaran. A iz tog istraživanja znamo ako želite stvarnost pribjegavate igli.
This is a seven-inch hatpin. It's very, very sharp, and I'm going to just sterilize it a tiny bit. This is really my flesh. This is not Damian's special-grown flesh. That's my skin right there. This is not a Hollywood special effect. I'm going to pierce my skin and run this needle through to the other side.
Ovo je igla za šešire od sedam inča. Vrlo je oštra. Ja ću je samo malo sterilizirati. Ovo je uistinu moje meso. Ovo nije specijalno uzgojeno meso kod Damiana. Ovo ovdje je moja koža. Ovo nije holivudski specijalni efekt. Probušiti ću svoju kožu i progurati iglu preko, na drugu stranu.
If you're queasy -- (Laughs) if you faint easily -- I was doing this for some friends in the hotel room last night, and some people that I didn't know, and one woman almost passed out. So, I suggest if you get queasy easy that you look away for about the next 30 -- in fact, you know what, I'll do the first bad part behind it. You'll get to see, you can look away too if you'd like to.
Ako ste gadljivi-- (Smijeh) ako lako padate u nesvjest -- Ovo sam pokazao nekim prijateljima sinoć u hotelskoj sobi, i neki ljudi koje nisam poznavao, i jedna žena su gotovo pali u nesvjest. Prema tome, predlažem ako lako gubite svijest da gledate u stranu sljedećih 30 -- u stvari, znate što, napravit ću prvi grozni dio iza. Vidjet ćete, a možete također gledati u stranu ako želite.
So, here is what happens, right here, the beginning of my flesh at the lower part of my arm I just make a little pierce. I'm sorry, man. Am I freaking you out? OK, and then just through my skin a tiny bit, and then out the other side like this. Now, essentially we're in the same position we were in with the knife trick. (Laughter) Sort of. But you can't count my fingers right now can you? So, let me show them to you. That's one, two three, four, five. Yes, well...
Onda, evo što se ovdje događa, početak moga mesa na donjem dijelu moje ruke jednostavno ću načiniti mali ubod. Čovječe žao mi je. Izluđujem li te? Onda jednostavno kroz kožu pomalo i onda na drugu stranu, ovako. Sad, u osnovi smo u istoj poziciji kao što smo bili kod trika s nožem. (Smijeh) Nekoj vrsti. No, sad mi ne možete izbrojati prste, zar ne? Onda, dajte da vam ih pokažem. Ovo je jedan, dva tri, četiri, pet. Da, pa ...
I know what people think when they see this. They go, "Well, he's certainly not dumb enough to stab himself through the skin to entertain us for a few minutes. So, let me give you a little peek. How's that look out there? Pretty good. (Laughs) Yeah, I know. (Laughs) And the people in the back go, "OK, I didn't really see that." People in the satellite room are starting to move in now. Let me give you good close look at this. That really is my skin. That is not a Hollywood special effect. That's my flesh, and I can twist that around. I'm sorry. If you're getting queasy, look away, don't look at the thing.
Znam što ljudi misle kada ovo vide. Oni će, "Pa, nije valjda toliko glup da probode sebe kroz kožu da bi nas zabavio koju minutu." Dat ću vam da malo provirite. Kako vam to izgleda s te strane? Prilično dobro. (Smijeh) Da, da. Znam. (Smijeh) A oni ljudi odozada misle, "U redu, u stvari ništa nisam vidio." Ljudi iz sporedne sobe počinju sada ulaziti. Hajde da vam pružim dobar pogled izbliza. Ovo je zbilja moja koža. Ovo nije specijalni efekt iz Hollywood-a. Ovo je moje meso, i mogu ovo pokretati okolo. Žao mi je. Ako počinjete gubiti svijest, gledajte u stranu, ne gledajte ovo.
People in the back or people on video years from now watching this will go, "Well yeah, that looks kind of neat in some sort of effect there, but if it were real he would be -- see there's a hole there and a hole there, if it were real he would be bleeding. Well let me work up some blood for you. (Laughter) Yes, there it is. (Applause) (Laughter)
Ljudi odozada ili ljudi koji godinama gledaju ovo na videu misle, "No, dobro, ovo je spretno izveo u pitanju je neki štos, jer kad bi ovo bilo stvarno on bi -- vidite tamo je rupa, kad bi to bila prava rupa on bi krvario." Pa onda dajte da vam stvorim malo krvi za vas. (Smijeh) Da, evo je. (Pljesak) (Smijeh)
Normally now, I would take the needle out. I would clean off my arm, and I would show you that there are no wounds. But I think in this context and with the idea of taking something fake and making it into something real, I'm just going to leave it there, and walk off the stage. (Laughter) I will be seeing you several times over the next few days. I hope you're looking forward to that. Thank you very much. (Laughter) (Applause)
Normalno, sada bih trebao izvaditi iglu. Trebao bih očistiti ruku, i pokazati vam da nema nikakvih rana, Ali mislim da u ovom kontekstu i s idejom da izvodim nešto lažno a pretvarajući to u nešto stvarno, jednostavno ću je ostaviti tamo, i otići s pozornice. (Smijeh) U sljedećih nekoliko dana, viđat ću vas pokatkad. Nadam se da to jedva čekate. Hvala vam puno. (Smijeh) (Pljesak)