When I was nine years old, my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like, and I drew this fairy mushroom. And then she actually built it. (Laughter)
Kada mi je bilo devet godina, majka me je upitala kakvu bih kuću želela da imam i ja sam nacrtala ovu vilenjačku pečurku. A ona ju je potom stvarno sagradila. (Smeh)
I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time, and maybe I still haven't, because I'm still designing houses. This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali. It's built almost entirely from bamboo. The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor. You enter the house by a bridge. It can get hot in the tropics, so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes. But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in and the bugs out. This room we left open. We made an air-conditioned, tented bed. And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room. Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right, so instead, we made this giant woven pod.
Mislim da tada nisam bila svesna koliko je ovo neobično, možda ni danas nisam, jer i dalje dizajniram kuće. Ovo je ugovorena šestospratnica na ostrvu Bali. Skoro da je u potpunosti sagrađena od bambusa. Dnevni boravak na četvrtom spratu ima pogled na dolinu. Ulazite u kuću preko mosta. U tropskim delovima može da bude toplo, zato pravimo visoke, zakrivljene krovove koji hvataju povetarce. Ali neke sobe imaju visoke prozore da bi zadržavali klimatizovan vazduh unutra, a bube spolja. Ovu smo sobu ostavili nepokrivenom. Napravili smo klimatizovan krevet, ispod šatora. A jedna klijentkinja je želela sobu za TV u uglu svog dnevnog boravka. Ograđivanje prostora visokim zidovima, prosto se nije činilo pravilnim, pa smo umesto toga napravili ovu džinovsku, pletenu ljusku.
Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms. This one is a basket in the corner of the living room, and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it. We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation. (Laughter) So there are lots of things that we're still working on, but one thing I have learned is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.
Sad, imamo sav neophodni luksuz, poput kupatila. Ovaj je u vidu korpe, u uglu dnevnog boravka i moram da vam kažem da ga neki ljudi nerado koriste. Nismo još do kraja razradili problem zvučne izolacije. (Smeh) Dakle, ima još mnogo stvari na kojima još uvek radimo, ali nešto sam naučila da je bambus zahvalan materijal, ako ga pravilno koristite.
It's actually a wild grass. It grows on otherwise unproductive land -- deep ravines, mountainsides. It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight, and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world, we use just seven of them.
To je zapravo divlja trava. Raste na inače jalovoj zemlji - u dubokim jarugama, na planinskim padinama. Hrani se kišnicom, izvorskom vodom, sunčevom svetlošću i od 1450 vrsta bambusa koje rastu širom sveta, koristimo samo njih sedam.
That's my dad. He's the one who got me building with bamboo, and he is standing in a clump of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago. Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots. That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week, so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.
Ovo je moj otac. Zbog njega se bavim izgradnjom od bambusa, a on stoji okružen stablima dendrokalamus asper nigera, koga je posadio pre samo sedam godina. Svake godine iz njega izraste nova generacija izdanaka. Videli smo baš prošle nedelje, izdanak koji je izrastao metar za tri dana, dakle, govorimo o održivoj građi za tri godine.
Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps. Betung, as we call it, it's really long, up to 18 meters of usable length. Try getting that truck down the mountain. And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel, the compressive strength of concrete. Slam four tons straight down on a pole, and it can take it. Because it's hollow, it's lightweight, light enough to be lifted by just a few men, or, apparently, one woman.
Otkupljujemo građu iz stotina porodičnih gajeva. Betung, kako ga zovemo, veoma je dug, do 18 metara upotrebljive dužine. Pokušajte da spustite taj kamion niz planinu. I jak je: ima snagu istegljivosti, poput čelika, kompresivnu snagu betona. Izvršite udar od četiri tone direktno na stubac i on će odoleti. Jer je šupalj, jer je lak, dovoljno lak da ga može podići svega nekoliko ljudi, ili, očito, jedna žena.
(Laughter) (Applause)
(Smeh) (Aplauz)
And when my father built Green School in Bali, he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus, because he saw it as a promise. It's a promise to the kids. It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of. And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago, I just thought, this makes perfect sense. It is growing all around us. It's strong. It's elegant. It's earthquake-resistant. Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?
A kada je moj otac sagradio Zelenu školu na Baliju, izabrao je bambus za sve zgrade na kampusu jer mu je delovao obećavajuće. To je obećanje deci. To je održiv materijal koga im neće ponestati. I kada sam prvi put videla ove građevine u izgradnji, pre otprilike šest godina, samo sam pomislila kako je ovo potpuno smisleno. On raste svuda oko nas. Jak je, elegantan. Otporan je na zemljotrese. Zašto se ovo tek sad dešava i šta možemo dalje da uradimo s njim?
So along with some of the original builders of Green School, I founded Ibuku. Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth, and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers, and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building. Over the past five years together, we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali. Nine of them are at Green Village -- you've just seen inside some of these homes -- and we fill them with bespoke furniture, we surround them with veggie gardens, we would love to invite you all to come visit someday. And while you're there, you can also see Green School -- we keep building classrooms there each year -- as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.
Pa sam sa još nekim od prvobitnih graditelja Zelene škole osnovala Ibuku. Ibu znači "majka", a ku znači "moja", pa to znači moja majka Zemlja, a mi u Ibukuu smo ekipa zanatlija, arhitekata i dizajnera, i zajedno stvaramo novi način izgradnje. U proteklih pet godina zajedničkog rada sagradili smo preko 50 unikatnih građevina, uglavnom na Baliju. Devet je u Zelenom selu - upravo ste videli unutrašnjost nekih od ovih domova - i popunjavamo ih nameštajem po narudžbi, okružujemo ih baštama s povrćem. Voleli bi da vas sve pozovemo da nas posetite nekada. I dok ste tamo, možete da posetite Zelenu školu - nastavljamo sa izgradnjom učionica svake godine - kao i dom u unapređenoj vilinskoj pečurci.
We're also working on a little house for export. This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated, right down to the details and textiles. A restaurant with an open-air kitchen. It looks a lot like a kitchen, right? And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.
Takođe radimo na kućici za izvoz. Ovo je tradicionalni sumbanijski dom, koji smo kopirali, skoro do detalja i materijala. Restoran sa kuhinjom na otvorenom. Poprilično liči na kuhinju, zar ne? I most koji se pruža 22 metra preko reke.
Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new. From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java, bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world for literally tens of thousands of years. There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts. But until recently, it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects, and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone. Unprotected bamboo weathers. Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust. And so that's why most people, especially in Asia, think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want to live in a bamboo house.
Sad, ono što mi radimo nije u potpunosti novina. Od kolibica do kompleksnih mostova, poput ovoga na Javi, bambus je u upotrebi u ovim tropskim delovima sveta već 10 000 godina, bukvalno. Postoje ostrva, čak i kontinenti na koje su prvo stigli splavovi od bambusa. No sve do nedavno, skoro da je bilo nemoguće pouzdano zaštititi bambus od insekata i stoga, skoro da sve što je ikada napravljeno od bambusa, nestalo je. Nezaštićen bambus vene. Netretiran bambus će biti u prah pojeden. Zato ljudi većinom, naročito u Aziji, misle da ne možete da budete dovoljno siromašni ili ruralni da biste želeli da živite u kući od bambusa.
And so we thought, what will it take to change their minds, to convince people that bamboo is worth building with, much less worth aspiring to?
Pa smo pomislili, kako da im promenimo mišljenje, da ubedimo ljude da vredi graditi od bambusa, a kamoli da vredi težiti tome?
First, we needed safe treatment solutions. Borax is a natural salt. It turns bamboo into a viable building material. Treat it properly, design it carefully, and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.
Prvo su nam bili potrebni bezbedni rastvori za tretman. Boraks je prirodna so. Od nje bambus postaje pouzdan materijal za gradnju. Tretirajte je kako treba, dizajnirajte je oprezno i građevina od bambusa će da vam traje doživotno.
Second, build something extraordinary out of it. Inspire people. Fortunately, Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship. It values the artisan. So combine those with the adventurous outliers from new generations of locally trained architects and designers and engineers, and always remember that you are designing for curving, tapering, hollow poles. No two poles alike, no straight lines, no two-by-fours here. The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture do not apply here. We have had to invent our own rules. We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become, and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths, protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.
Zatim, napravite nešto izvanredno od njega. Inspirišite ljude. Srećom, kultura na Baliju gaji umešnost. Ceni majstore. Zato ih kombinujte sa avanturistima izvanjcima iz novih generacija arhitekata koje su obučavali lokalci i dizajnerima i inženjerima, i uvek imajte na umu da dizajnirate za krivudave, šiljaste, šuplje stupce. Ne postoje dva ista stupca, nema pravih linija, zaboravite na grede. Oprobane, dobro osmišljene formule i rečnik arhitekture je ovde neprimenljiv. Morali smo da izmislimo sopstvena pravila. Pitamo bambus za šta je dobar, šta želi da bude, a on nam kaže: da ga poštujemo, da dizajniramo za njegove kvalitete, da ga zaštitimo od vode i da iskoristimo njegove zavoje.
So we design in real 3D, making scale structural models out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house. And bamboo model-making, it's an art, as well as some hardcore engineering.
Zato dizajniramo u realnom 3D-u, pravimo srazmernu maketu građevine od istog materijala koga ćemo kasnije koristiti da gradimo kuću. A pravljenje maketa od bambusa je umetnost, kao što je i tvrdokorni inženjering.
So that's the blueprint of the house.
Dakle, ovo je nacrt kuće.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And we bring it to site, and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole, and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile to replicate that house on site.
Donesemo ga na mesto gradnje, malim lenjirima merimo svaki stubac, uzimamo u obzir svaki zavoj, i izaberemo komad bambusa s hrpe kako bismo iskopirali tu kuću.
When it comes down to the details, we consider everything. Why are doors so often rectangular? Why not round? How could you make a door better? Well, its hinges battle with gravity, and gravity will always win in the end, so why not have it pivot on the center where it can stay balanced? And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?
Kada su u pitanju detalji, na sve mislimo. Zašto su vrata najčešće pravougaona? Zašto ne okrugla? Kako da unapredite vrata? Pa, njihove šarke se bore s gravitacijom, a gravitacija na kraju uvek pobeđuje, zašto ih ne bismo učvrstili u središtu kako bi održavala ravnotežu? A kad smo stigli dotle, zašto ne bismo imali vrata u obliku suza?
To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints of this material, we have really had to push ourselves, and within that constraint, we have found space for something new. It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling if you don't have any flat boards to work with? Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood. (Laughter) But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen and itsy bitsy little splits, weave that ceiling together, stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it. How do you design durable kitchen countertops that do justice to this curving structure you've just built? Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread, hand-carve each to fit the other, leave the crusts on, and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade. The structural connections of our buildings are reinforced by steel joints, but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins. There are thousands of pins in each floor. This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin. You can feel the texture under bare feet.
Da bismo imali selektivnu korist, radeći u okviru ograničenja ovog materijala, morali smo da se zaista potrudimo, a u okviru tih ograničenja pronašli smo prostor za nešto novo. To je izazov: kako da napravite plafon, ako nemate nikakve ravne daske koje biste upotrebili? Da vam kažem, ponekad sanjam o kamenoj ploči i iverici. (Smeh) Ali kada imate spretne majstore i sićušno, majušno raskoljeno šiblje, ispletite taj plafon, razvucite kanafas preko njega, lakirajte ga. Kako da dizajnirate izdržljive kuhinjske radne površine koje će da idu uz ovu zakrivljenu građevinu koju ste upravo sagradili? Rasecite oblutak kao parče hleba, ručno oblikujte svaki, kako bi se uklopili, ostavite koru, a ono što mi radimo je skoro u potpunosti ručni rad. Sastavne veze naših zgrada su pojačane čeličnim zglavcima, ali koristimo mnogo ručno brušenih bambusovih čivija. Ima na hiljade čivija u svakom podu. Ovaj pod je napravljen od glatke i izdržljive bambusove kore.
And the floor that you walk on, can it affect the way that you walk? Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world? I remember being nine years old and feeling wonder, and possibility, and a little bit of idealism. And we've got a really long way to go, there's a lot left to learn, but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment, you can create beauty and comfort and safety and even luxury out of a material that will grow back.
Možete da osetite teksturu pod bosim nogama. A može li pod po kojem hodate da utiče na to kako hodate? Može li da promeni tragove koje ćete konačno ostaviti na svetu? Sećam se kada sam imala devet godina i osećala sam divljenje i mogućnost i bila sam pomalo idealista. I zaista je dug put pred nama, ima mnogo toga da se nauči, ali jedno znam, a to je da uz kreativnost i posvećenost možete da stvorite lepotu i udobnost i sigurnost, pa čak i luksuz
Thank you.
od materijala koji će ponovo da naraste.
(Applause)
Hvala vam.