When I was nine years old, my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like, and I drew this fairy mushroom. And then she actually built it. (Laughter)
Kada sam imala devet godina mama me pitala kako bih željela da izgleda moja kuća, a ja sam nacrtala ovu čarobnu gljivu. A ona ju je zaista izgradila. (Smijeh)
I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time, and maybe I still haven't, because I'm still designing houses. This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali. It's built almost entirely from bamboo. The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor. You enter the house by a bridge. It can get hot in the tropics, so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes. But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in and the bugs out. This room we left open. We made an air-conditioned, tented bed. And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room. Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right, so instead, we made this giant woven pod.
Mislim da tada nisam shvaćala da je to nešto neobično, a možda to još uvijek ne shvaćam jer još uvijek dizajniram kuće. Ovo je naručena kuća na šest katova na otoku Bali. Gotovo je cijela izgrađena od bambusa. Dnevna soba na četvrtom katu gleda na dolinu. U kuću ulazite preko mosta. U tropima može biti vruće pa smo napravili velike vijugave krovove koji hvataju povjetarce. Ali neke sobe imaju visoke prozore za zadržavanje klimatiziranog zraka unutra, a kukaca vani. Ovu smo sobu ostavili otvorenu. Napravili smo klimatizirani krevet pod šatorom. Jedna je klijentica htjela prostor za TV u kutu dnevne sobe. Ograđivanje prostora visokim zidovima nije bilo prikladno pa smo umjesto toga napravili ovu ogromnu pletenu ljusku.
Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms. This one is a basket in the corner of the living room, and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it. We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation. (Laughter) So there are lots of things that we're still working on, but one thing I have learned is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.
Imamo sav potreban luksuz, kao npr. kupaonice. Ovo je košara u kutu dnevne sobe i moram vam reći da ju neki ljudi oklijevaju koristiti. Nismo još riješili zvučnu izolaciju. (Smijeh) Još je mnogo stvari na kojima radimo, ali ono što sam naučila jest da je bambus jako koristan ako ga znate ispravno koristiti.
It's actually a wild grass. It grows on otherwise unproductive land -- deep ravines, mountainsides. It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight, and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world, we use just seven of them.
On je zapravo divlja trava. Raste na neplodnoj zemlji -- dubokim tjesnacima, planinskim obroncima. Preživljava na kišnici, slatkoj vodi, suncu i od 1450 vrsta bambusa koje rastu diljem svijeta mi koristimo samo njih sedam.
That's my dad. He's the one who got me building with bamboo, and he is standing in a clump of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago. Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots. That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week, so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.
Ovo je moj tata. Zbog njega sam počela graditi bambusom i stoji među skupinom Dendrocalamus asper niger bambusa koje je posadio prije samo sedam godina. Svake se godine pojavi nova generacija mladica. Ovu smo mladicu prošli tjedan gledali kako izrasta jedan metar u tri dana, tako da govorimo o održivom deblu u tri godine.
Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps. Betung, as we call it, it's really long, up to 18 meters of usable length. Try getting that truck down the mountain. And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel, the compressive strength of concrete. Slam four tons straight down on a pole, and it can take it. Because it's hollow, it's lightweight, light enough to be lifted by just a few men, or, apparently, one woman.
Mi beremo iz stotina skupina bambusa koje su u obiteljskom vlasništvu. Betung, kako ga nazivamo, veoma je dug, ima čak do 18 m iskoristive dužine. Pokušajte tim kamionom ići niz planinu. I snažan je: ima vlačnu čvrstoću čelika, a tlačnu čvrstoću betona. Nabacite četiri tone na stup i on će to izdržati. Zato što je šupalj, lagan je, i to dovoljno da ga podigne samo nekoliko muškaraca, ili, očito, jedna žena.
(Laughter) (Applause)
(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
And when my father built Green School in Bali, he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus, because he saw it as a promise. It's a promise to the kids. It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of. And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago, I just thought, this makes perfect sense. It is growing all around us. It's strong. It's elegant. It's earthquake-resistant. Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?
Kad je moj otac gradio Zelenu školu u Baliju, izabrao je bambus za gradnju svih zgrada u kampusu zato što je to vidio kao obećanje. Obećanje djeci. To je održiv materijal kojeg im nikada neće ponestati. Kada sam prije 6 godina prvi put vidjela ove strukture u procesu izgradnje pomislila sam kako to ima smisla. Raste svuda oko nas. Jak je. Elegantan. Otporan na zemljotres. Zašto se ovo nije dogodilo ranije i što možemo iduće učiniti s njim?
So along with some of the original builders of Green School, I founded Ibuku. Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth, and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers, and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building. Over the past five years together, we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali. Nine of them are at Green Village -- you've just seen inside some of these homes -- and we fill them with bespoke furniture, we surround them with veggie gardens, we would love to invite you all to come visit someday. And while you're there, you can also see Green School -- we keep building classrooms there each year -- as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.
Zajedno s nekim od izvornih graditelja Zelene škole osnovala sam Ibuku. Ibu znači "majka", a ku "moje" tako da predstavlja moju Majku Zemlju, a mi u Ibukuu smo tim obrtnika, arhitekata i dizajnera i zajedno stvaramo nov način gradnje. Tijekom zadnjih pet godina zajedno smo izgradili preko 50 jedinstvenih struktura, većinu na Baliju. Devet je njih u Zelenom selu -- vidjeli ste unutrašnjost nekih od ovih domova -- i ispunjavamo ih naručenim namještajem, okružimo ih povrtnjacima, i voljeli bismo vas sve pozvati u posjet jednog dana. I kada već budete tamo, možete vidjeti i Zelenu školu -- nastavili smo graditi učionice svake godine - i ažurirali kuću čarobnu gljivu.
We're also working on a little house for export. This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated, right down to the details and textiles. A restaurant with an open-air kitchen. It looks a lot like a kitchen, right? And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.
Također radimo i na maloj kući za izvoz. Ovo je tradicionalna sumbaška kuća čiju smo repliku napravili, sve smo pogodili, detalje i tekstil. Restoran s kuhinjom na otvorenom. Sliči na kuhinju, jel' da? I most preko rijeke dugačak 22 metra.
Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new. From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java, bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world for literally tens of thousands of years. There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts. But until recently, it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects, and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone. Unprotected bamboo weathers. Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust. And so that's why most people, especially in Asia, think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want to live in a bamboo house.
Ovo što radimo nije u potpunosti novo. Od malih koliba do složenih mostova poput ovoga u Javi, bambus se koristi u tropskim regijama diljem svijeta doslovno već desetke tisuća godina. Postoje otoci i kontinenti do kojih se prvo došlo splavovima od bambusa. Ali donedavno, bilo je gotovo nemoguće bambus učinkovito zaštititi od kukaca, tako da je gotovo sve što je bilo izgrađeno od bambusa nestalo. Nezaštićeni bambus u različitim uvjetima propada. Netretirani bambus postaje prašina. I zato većina ljudi, posebno u Aziji, misle da ne možeš biti dovoljno siromašan ili ruralan da zaista poželiš živjeti u kući od bambusa.
And so we thought, what will it take to change their minds, to convince people that bamboo is worth building with, much less worth aspiring to?
Tako smo mi počeli razmišljati kako promijeniti njihovo mišljenje, kako ih uvjeriti u to da je bambus dobar građevni materijal kojem treba težiti.
First, we needed safe treatment solutions. Borax is a natural salt. It turns bamboo into a viable building material. Treat it properly, design it carefully, and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.
Prvo su nam trebali sigurni načini tretiranja. Boraks je prirodna sol. Pretvara bambus u održiv građevinski materijal. Uz dobro postupanje i pažljiv dizajn struktura od bambusa može trajati doživotno.
Second, build something extraordinary out of it. Inspire people. Fortunately, Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship. It values the artisan. So combine those with the adventurous outliers from new generations of locally trained architects and designers and engineers, and always remember that you are designing for curving, tapering, hollow poles. No two poles alike, no straight lines, no two-by-fours here. The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture do not apply here. We have had to invent our own rules. We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become, and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths, protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.
Drugo, izgradite nešto izvanredno od njega. Inspirirajte ljude. Srećom, balijska kultura njeguje zanatstvo. Cijeni obrtnike. Kada se to kombinira s avanturističkim pogledom novih generacija lokalnih arhitekata, dizajnera i inženjera, a uvijek imajte na umu da dizajnirate s vijugavim, šupljim, uskim stupovima. Ne postoje dva ista stupa, nema ravnih linija, nema 2x4 u ovom slučaju. Iskušane i istinite pouzdane formule i rječnik arhitekture ovdje nisu primjenjive. Morali smo smišljati vlastita pravila. Pitamo bambus u čemu je dobar, što želi postati, a on nam kaže da ga poštujemo, dizajniramo da se istaknu jake strane, zaštitimo ga od vode i što bolje iskoristimo njegovu vijugavost.
So we design in real 3D, making scale structural models out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house. And bamboo model-making, it's an art, as well as some hardcore engineering.
Dizajniramo u stvarnom 3D okruženju, stvaramo strukturne modele od istog materijala koji ćemo kasnije koristiti za izgradnju kuće. Izrada modela od bambusa je umjetnost, ali i ozbiljno inženjerstvo.
So that's the blueprint of the house.
Ovo je nacrt kuće.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And we bring it to site, and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole, and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile to replicate that house on site.
I donosimo ga na gradilište i pomoću sitnih ravnala mjerimo svaki stup, uzimajući u obzir svaku krivulju i biramo komad bambusa s hrpe za replikaciju te kuće na gradilištu.
When it comes down to the details, we consider everything. Why are doors so often rectangular? Why not round? How could you make a door better? Well, its hinges battle with gravity, and gravity will always win in the end, so why not have it pivot on the center where it can stay balanced? And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?
Što se detalja tiče, sve uzimamo u obzir. Zašto su vrata često pravokutna? Zašto nisu okrugla? Kako poboljšati vrata? Njihove se šarke bore s gravitacijom, a gravitacija na kraju uvijek pobijedi, tako da, zašto osovinu ne postaviti na sredinu gdje će ostati uravnotežena? I kad smo već kod toga, zašto ih ne oblikovati kao suze?
To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints of this material, we have really had to push ourselves, and within that constraint, we have found space for something new. It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling if you don't have any flat boards to work with? Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood. (Laughter) But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen and itsy bitsy little splits, weave that ceiling together, stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it. How do you design durable kitchen countertops that do justice to this curving structure you've just built? Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread, hand-carve each to fit the other, leave the crusts on, and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade. The structural connections of our buildings are reinforced by steel joints, but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins. There are thousands of pins in each floor. This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin. You can feel the texture under bare feet.
Za iskorištavanje određenih koristi i rad unutar ograničenja ovog materijala zaista smo se morali potruditi, a unutar tih ograničenja pronašli smo prostor za novitete. To je izazov: kako napraviti strop ako ne radite s ravnim plohama? Iskreno, ponekad sanjam o gipsanim pločama i šperpločama. (Smijeh) Ali ako imate vješte zanatlije i vrlo sitne dijeliće, istkajte taj strop, prekrijte ga platnom i nalakirajte. Kako dizajnirati dugotrajne kuhinjske radne površine koje će se uklapati u ovu vijugavu strukturu koju ste upravo izgradili? Narežite stijenu kao štrucu kruha, ručno izrežite svaku da odgovara drugoj, ostavite koru, i gotovo je sve potpuno ručno izrađeno. Strukturni su spojevi naših građevina ojačani čeličnim spojnicama, ali koristimo i puno ručno izrađenih igli od bambusa. U svakom se podu nalaze tisuće igli. Ovaj je pod izrađen od sjajne i izdržljive kože bambusa. Možete osjetiti teksturu pod bosom nogom.
And the floor that you walk on, can it affect the way that you walk? Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world? I remember being nine years old and feeling wonder, and possibility, and a little bit of idealism. And we've got a really long way to go, there's a lot left to learn, but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment, you can create beauty and comfort and safety and even luxury out of a material that will grow back.
Može li pod utjecati na način na koji hodate? Može li promijeniti trag koji ćete vi ostaviti na svijetu? Sjećam se kada sam imala 9 godina i čudila se, razmišljala o mogućnostima, i malo idealizirala. A ostalo nam je još toliko toga, mnogo toga moramo naučiti, ali jednu stvar znam, a ta je da kreativnošću i predanošću možete stvoriti ljepotu i udobnost, sigurnost, pa čak i luksuz od materijala koji će ponovno narasti.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)