It has been a chaotic year with COVID-19 causing more disruption than any other event in recent history, not only for public health but also for the global energy system. Although global emissions are projected to bounce back slower than after the 2008 financial crisis, a sustainable recovery is a long way off. What remains to be seen is whether responses from governments to this upheaval will help or hinder efforts to accelerate clean energy transitions and reach international energy and climate goals.