I want you to envision a single piece of artwork generated by artificial intelligence. When most of us think of AI art, I bet we're imagining something like this. We're all probably picturing something totally different.
請你想像一件藝術品, 由人工智慧生成的藝術品。 大多數人想到 AI 藝術時, 我打賭都在想像類似這樣的東西。 我們可能都在心中想像截然不同的畫面。
Today, with machine learning models like DALL-E, Stable Diffusion and Midjourney, we've seen AI produce everything from strange life forms to imaginary influencers to entirely foreign, curious kinds of imagery. AI as a technology is fascinating to us because we're inherently drawn to things we cannot understand. And with neural networks processing data from thousands of other images made by people from every possible generation, every art movement, millions of images in one simple scan, they can produce visuals that are so familiar yet strikingly unfamiliar. More poetically, AI mirrors us.
如今,有了 DALL-E、Stable Diffusion 和 Midjourney 等機器學習模型, 我們已見識到 AI 所創造的 各種作品,從奇怪的生命形式, 到虛構的網紅, 甚至是全然陌生、稀奇的各種意象。 AI 作為一項科技, 對我們來說非常迷人, 因為我們天生就會被 無法理解的事物所吸引。 通過神經網絡, 處理來自數千張圖像的數據, 這些圖像由每個世代、 每個藝術時期的人們所創造, 一次掃描即可獲取數百萬張圖像, 它們既能生成如此熟悉的視覺效果, 卻又異常陌生。 更具詩意的是,AI 映照我們自己。
The world is beginning to change right before our very eyes, and it's basically divided into two schools of thought. There are pessimists who think AI poses a great threat to human creativity. And then optimists who see it as an extension of our creativity. So is it even possible to be truly original as an artist anymore? How do we begin to critically engage with artworks made by machines?
世界就在我們眼前開始改變, 人們基本上分持兩種觀點。 悲觀主義者認為 AI 對人類創造力 構成了巨大威脅。 然而樂觀主義者則將其視為 人類創造力的延伸。 藝術家是否還能做出真正獨創的作品? 我們如何開始批判性地 接觸機器所創作的藝術品?
We can start by looking at some metaphors, narratives and insights from artists who are truly pushing the boundaries of AI. Let's look to these moments of delight, surprise, confusion and wonder that give us just one small glimpse into the possibilities of encounter with this technology. Because as we've seen, this is a very moral and ethical encounter as much as an aesthetic one.
我們可以從一些藝術家的比喻、 敘事和見解中著手, 這些藝術家真正 拓展了 AI 的界限。 讓我們回顧一下這些帶來喜悅、 驚訝、困惑和驚奇的時刻, 這些時刻讓我們短暫感受 與這項科技相遇的各種可能性。 正如我們所見, 這不僅僅是美學上的相遇, 更是道德和倫理上的交鋒。
Mario Klingemann sold this piece on auction in 2019.
馬里奧·克林格曼(Mario Klingemann)
It is running an AI model trained on thousands of portraits from the 17th to 19th centuries. The model constantly reveals uncanny interpretations of the human face. Each one is unique, generated in real time as the machine reads its own output. For the viewer, it's almost like peering into the machine's hallucinations as it conjures each new portrait.
於 2019 年在拍賣會上賣出這件作品。 它運行著一個 AI 模型, 該模型由 17 到 19 世紀的 數千幅肖像畫訓練而成。 這個模型不斷呈現出人臉的離奇詮釋。 每個圖像都獨一無二, 在機器讀取本身的輸出時實時生成。 對觀畫者來說, 每當機器生成一張新的肖像, 幾乎就像是凝視著它的幻覺。
Sofia Crespo's series "Neural Zoo" uses neural network interpretations of the real world to generate unreal sea creatures and diverse biological forms. Frogs look like flowers. Translucent jellyfish have vivid internal organs. There’s no one real creature in these images, but AI allows us to envision otherworldly lifeforms in impossible detail.
索菲亞·克雷斯波的系列作品 「神經動物園」 使用神經網絡詮釋真實世界, 生成虛構的海洋生物 和各種不同的生物形態。 青蛙看起來像花朵。 半透明的水母有清楚的內臟器官。 這些圖像中沒有一個真實的生物, 但 AI 使我們得以想像 異世界的生物,帶有不可能的細節。
This abstract piece by Sara Ludy began as a digital painting. It was augmented to fit a 16-by-9 ratio, using a prompt for "torn edges" in DALL-E 2's Outpainting. Outpainting allows artists to extend their creativity beyond the frame using simple language prompts like "torn edges."
莎拉·盧迪(Sara Ludy)的這幅抽象作品 最初是一幅數位繪畫。 它經過調整, 以 16 比 9 的比例呈現, 使用 DALL-E 2 的 Outpainting 「撕裂邊緣」提示。 Outpainting 讓藝術家 透過簡單的語言提示, 如「撕裂邊緣」, 將創意延伸到畫框之外。
This piece by Ivona Tau might read as a photograph, but it is also the work of AI. It's the result of GAN training on thousands of images from the artist's personal photo collection. Tau curates from her own photographs, carefully choosing the inputs and outputs for the model. In many ways, AI art is a form of curation. It becomes the process of selecting from hundreds of images at a time. This video pulls from models trained on a massive data set of Tau's photos, resulting in a kind of algorithmic memory. But she also created a destructed data set for the model to symbolize forgetting or fleeting memory.
伊馮娜‧陶(Ivona Tau)的這幅作品 可能會被解讀為一張照片, 但這也是 AI 的作品。 這是對數千張圖像進行 生成對抗網路訓練的結果, 這些圖像來自藝術家的個人照片集。 伊馮娜‧陶從自己的照片中挑選素材, 精心選擇模型的輸入和輸出。 從很多方面來說, AI 藝術是一種策展形式。 它變成一次從數百張圖像中 進行選擇的過程。 這段視頻取材自對伊馮娜‧陶的照片 進行大數據訓練的模型, 從而產生了一種演算法記憶。 她也為這模型創建了 一個毀壞的數據集, 象徵著遺忘或瞬息即逝的記憶。
And finally, we have Claire Silver. Silver has called herself a “collaborative AI artist” in that she works intentionally with the machine to produce her art. Her process is constantly evolving as the tools evolve. She often works with inpainting techniques, masking and transforming just one small piece of an image. For this portrait, she shifted the opacity of various sections with an Apple pencil, transforming it bit by bit. She likens this technique to her version of glazing in oil painting. Silver feeds AI-generated images from one model into another, effectively creating new forms of language and understanding for the machine itself. Her work is half master painting, half digital art. Both old and new. This piece pulls inspiration from famed artists like John Singer Sargent, Evelyn De Morgan and Gustav Klimt, almost as an homage.
最後,還有克萊爾·西爾弗(Claire Silver)。 西爾弗自稱「AI 協作藝術家」, 因為她有意識地與機器合作創造藝術。 隨著工具的發展, 她的創作流程也不斷進化。 她經常以圖像修復的手法進行創作, 遮住、轉換圖像的一小部分。 這幅肖像,她使用蘋果觸控筆 調整了各個部分的透明度, 一點一點地改造它。 她將這種技術比作她的油畫上光版本。 她將由一個模型生成的 AI 圖像 餵給另一個模型, 有效地為機器本身創造了 新的語言和理解方式。 她的作品有一半是大師繪畫, 也有一半是數位創作, 既古老又新穎。 這件作品的靈感來自著名藝術家 像約翰·辛格·薩金特(ohn Singer Sargent)、 伊芙琳·德·摩根(Evelyn De Morgan) 和古斯塔夫·克里姆特(Gustav Klimt), 幾乎可以看作是對他們的致敬。
Because different AI models are trained on different sets of information, it's almost like they're all speaking different languages. AI is everywhere now. We are all now collectively co-creating with AI, whether we're aware of it or not. If we want to be a part of these worlds, we cannot design alone. If we want to be culturally literate in these new kinds of images and predictions and forms, then looking to the work of artists is a very productive place to start. We need to brace ourselves for an increasingly technological future, which is only going to multiply all the creative possibilities at our fingertips now.
因為不同的 AI 模型是 根據不同的數據集進行訓練的, 就好像他們都說著不同的語言。 現在,AI 無處不在。 無論我們是否意識到, 我們都在與 AI 共同創造, 如果我們想成為這些世界的一部分, 我們就不能獨自設計創作。 如果我們想在這些新型圖像、 預測和形式方面具備文化素養, 那麼從藝術家的作品中汲取啟發 會是富有成效的起點。 我們要為日益增長的 科技未來做好準備, 現在,創意的可能性倍增, 而且都觸手可及。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)