Diana Reiss: You may think you're looking through a window at a dolphin spinning playfully, but what you're actually looking through is a two-way mirror at a dolphin looking at itself spinning playfully. This is a dolphin that is self-aware. This dolphin has self-awareness. It's a young dolphin named Bayley. I've been very interested in understanding the nature of the intelligence of dolphins for the past 30 years. How do we explore intelligence in this animal that's so different from us? And what I've used is a very simple research tool, a mirror, and we've gained great information, reflections of these animal minds. Dolphins aren't the only animals, the only non-human animals, to show mirror self-recognition. We used to think this was a uniquely human ability, but we learned that the great apes, our closest relatives, also show this ability. Then we showed it in dolphins, and then later in elephants. We did this work in my lab with the dolphins and elephants, and it's been recently shown in the magpie.
Diana Reiss: 从窗户这看过去 你可能以为是一只海豚为了找乐子,旋身打转 但其实你正透过一面双面镜 看到一只海豚 对着镜子转着玩 这只海豚意识到自己 是有自我意识的 这只小海豚名叫贝利 (Bayley) 过去 30 年来,我对海豚的智能特质 一直很有兴趣 我们要如何探讨这种与我们 截然不同的生物所拥有的智力? 我用过的研究工具非常简单 光是一面镜子,便透漏出许多 反映动物思维的讯息 人类以外,海豚并不是唯一 能认得镜中自己的动物 我们曾经认为这是人类独有的能力, 但人类近亲猩猩 也表现出了这种能力 海豚和大象 都展现了这种能力 我们在实验室以大象和海豚进行研究 最近发现喜鹊也具备这样的能力
Now, it's interesting, because we've embraced this Darwinian view of a continuity in physical evolution, this physical continuity. But we've been much more reticent, much slower at recognizing this continuity in cognition, in emotion, in consciousness in other animals.
有趣的是,我们向来拥护 达尔文认为形体进化有延续性的观点 相对于这种形体延续性 我们比较有所保留的是 其他动物在认知、情感 其他动物在认知、情感
Other animals are conscious. They're emotional. They're aware. There have been multitudes of studies with many species over the years that have given us exquisite evidence for thinking and consciousness in other animals, other animals that are quite different than we are in form. We are not alone. We are not alone in these abilities. And I hope, and one of my biggest dreams, is that, with our growing awareness about the consciousness of others and our relationship with the rest of the animal world, that we'll give them the respect and protection that they deserve. So that's a wish I'm throwing out here for everybody, and I hope I can really engage you in this idea.
和知觉也有演化延续性 牠们有感情,有意识 多年来,已有许多物种研究 提供精确的证据 证明其他外型与我们非常不同的动物 也有意识,还能思考 这方面 我们并非得天独厚 我最大的梦想 就是随着我们对其他动物意识 的了解加深 加上我们与其他物种关系更加密切 我们会给牠们 应有的尊重和保护 这就是我要和大家分享的愿望 希望藉此获得各位认同
Now, I want to return to dolphins, because these are the animals that I feel like I've been working up closely and personal with for over 30 years. And these are real personalities. They are not persons, but they're personalities in every sense of the word. And you can't get more alien than the dolphin. They are very different from us in body form. They're radically different. They come from a radically different environment. In fact, we're separated by 95 million years of divergent evolution. Look at this body. And in every sense of making a pun here, these are true non-terrestrials.
回到海豚的主题 我和这些动物 已经密切合作了 大概30 多年 牠们的确通人性 虽不是人类,但从任何角度来看 牠们都很有个性 没有比海豚更独特的生物了 就形体来说,跟人类就很不一样 截然不同的牠们,来自一个很特殊的环境 事实上, 9500 万年前我们就在演化上 分道扬镳 看看这副形体 有句各方面都很贴切的双关语 海豚真的不是陆(地球)上的生物
I wondered how we might interface with these animals. In the 1980s, I developed an underwater keyboard. This was a custom-made touch-screen keyboard. What I wanted to do was give the dolphins choice and control. These are big brains, highly social animals, and I thought, well, if we give them choice and control, if they can hit a symbol on this keyboard -- and by the way, it was interfaced by fiber optic cables from Hewlett-Packard with an Apple II computer. This seems prehistoric now, but this was where we were with technology. So the dolphins could hit a key, a symbol, they heard a computer-generated whistle, and they got an object or activity.
我曾思索人类和牠们沟通的可能方式 在八十年代,我研发出水底键盘 是特制的触控键盘 我要的就是让海豚选择和控制 海豚是有高智能的群居动物 所以我想,如果让他们选择和控制 如果他们能敲击键盘上的符号 补充说明一下,键盘是以HP的光纤电缆 连接Apple II 计算机 现在看来很落伍 卻是當時我們可用的科技 海豚可敲的每个按键都代表一个符号 然后听到计算机产生的某种哨音 接着得到物件或活动
Now here's a little video. This is Delphi and Pan, and you're going to see Delphi hitting a key, he hears a computer-generated whistle -- (Whistle) -- and gets a ball, so they can actually ask for things they want. What was remarkable is, they explored this keyboard on their own. There was no intervention on our part. They explored the keyboard. They played around with it. They figured out how it worked. And they started to quickly imitate the sounds they were hearing on the keyboard. They imitated on their own.
请看这段短片 Delphi 和Pan,我们要观察的是Delphi 碰按键,听到计算机哨音……拿到球 所以他们真的可要求想要的东西 值得注意的是,他们会自己摸索尝试 我们并未加以干涉 牠们摸索玩弄键盘 找出运作机制 随即便能模仿计算机哨音 牠们聆听键盘对应的哨音 然后模仿
Beyond that, though, they started learning associations between the symbols, the sounds and the objects. What we saw was self-organized learning, and now I'm imagining, what can we do with new technologies? How can we create interfaces, new windows into the minds of animals, with the technologies that exist today? So I was thinking about this, and then, one day, I got a call from Peter.
不只如此,他们还悟出 符号、声音 和物件间的关系 牠们所展现的是自主学习 所以我开始假想 我们是否可用新科技作些应用? 我们要怎样利用现代科技 建立窥探动物思绪的介面 在构思过程中的某一天 我接到Peter的电话
Peter Gabriel: I make noises for a living. On a good day, it's music, and I want to talk a little bit about the most amazing music-making experience I ever had. I'm a farm boy. I grew up surrounded by animals, and I would look in these eyes and wonder what was going on there? So as an adult, when I started to read about the amazing breakthroughs with Penny Patterson and Koko, with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Kanzi, Panbanisha, Irene Pepperberg, Alex the parrot, I got all excited. What was amazing to me also was they seemed a lot more adept at getting a handle on our language than we were on getting a handle on theirs. I work with a lot of musicians from around the world, and often we don't have any common language at all, but we sit down behind our instruments, and suddenly there's a way for us to connect and emote.
Peter Gabriel:我的职业是制造噪音 运气好的时候就会产生音乐 我想谈谈 我最棒的音乐制作经验 在农场长大的我,自小便与动物为伍 我会注视牠们的眼睛并好奇 他们在想甚么? 长大后,当我读到一些重大发现 像Penny Patterson和Koko(金刚猩猩) Sue Savage-Rumbaugh 及黑猩猩Kanzi和Panbanisha Irene Pepperberg及Alex(鹦鹉) 这些研究让我备觉兴奋 也很令人惊奇的是 相较于我们对动物语言的认识 牠们对人类使用的语言 似乎更能进入状况 我和世界各地的音乐家合作时 往往语言不通 但当我们演奏时 彼此间忽然就能沟通抒情
So I started cold-calling, and eventually got through to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, and she invited me down. I went down, and the bonobos had had access to percussion instruments, musical toys, but never before to a keyboard. At first they did what infants do, just bashed it with their fists, and then I asked, through Sue, if Panbanisha could try with one finger only.
之后我到处拜访致电 最后终于联络上Sue Savage-Rumbaugh 她便邀我过去 我去拜访时 那些黑猩猩已学会打击乐玩具 但尚未接触过键盘 起初黑猩猩就像婴儿般 用拳头猛敲键盘 然后我请Sue 要求Panbanisha用一根手指弹
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh: Can you play a grooming song? I want to hear a grooming song. Play a real quiet grooming song.
Sue:弹一首抚慰心灵的歌好吗? 我想听轻柔的歌曲 弹一首宁静抚慰的歌给我听
PG: So groom was the subject of the piece.
Peter:抚慰是这音乐的主题
(Music)
(弹奏音乐)
So I'm just behind, jamming, yeah, this is what we started with. Sue's encouraging her to continue a little more.
当时我在后面忙 这是我们当时播放的音乐 Sue 鼓励她多弹一会
(Music)
(Panbanisha弹琴)
She discovers a note she likes, finds the octave. She'd never sat at a keyboard before. Nice triplets.
牠发现了喜欢的音 还找到八度音 牠从未弹过琴 三连音弹得不错
SSR: You did good. That was very good.
Sue: 很棒!弹得真好!
PG: She hit good.
牠弹得很棒!
(Applause)
(掌声)
So that night, we began to dream, and we thought, perhaps the most amazing tool that man's created is the Internet, and what would happen if we could somehow find new interfaces, visual-audio interfaces that would allow these remarkable sentient beings that we share the planet with access? And Sue Savage-Rumbaugh got excited about that, called her friend Steve Woodruff, and we began hustling all sorts of people whose work related or was inspiring, which led us to Diana, and led us to Neil.
當晚我们就因此想像 也许人類創造的工具中 最令人驚奇的就是是互联网 如果我们能发现某种 新视听界面 好让这些 与我们共享地球 有非凡感官特质的生物使用 Sue 对此构想觉得很兴奋 就打电话给她的朋友Steve Woodruff 于是我们热切寻找 在相关领域或工作引人入胜的人 而Diana和Neil 正是我们要找的人
Neil Gershenfeld: Thanks, Peter. PG: Thank you.
Neil Gershenfeld: 谢啦! Peter Peter: 谢谢!
(Applause)
(掌声)
NG: So Peter approached me. I lost it when I saw that clip. He approached me with a vision of doing these things not for people, for animals. And then I was struck in the history of the Internet. This is what the Internet looked like when it was born and you can call that the Internet of middle-aged white men, mostly middle-aged white men.
Neil: Peter找我的时候 那段视频简直匪夷所思 他来找我谈这些事的愿景 不是为了人类,而是动物 不过互联网的历史让我灵机一动 这是互联网剛問世的样子 或可称为中年白人的互联网 或许这样比较好记 像照片中多是中年白种男性
Vint Cerf: (Laughs)
Vint Cerf: (笑)
(Laughter)
(笑聲持續)
NG: Speaking as one.
Neil: 我就是其中一个
Then, when I first came to TED, which was where I met Peter, I showed this. This is a $1 web server, and at the time that was radical. And the possibility of making a web server for a dollar grew into what became known as the Internet of Things, which is literally an industry now with tremendous implications for health care, energy efficiency. And we were happy with ourselves. And then when Peter showed me that, I realized we had missed something, which is the rest of the planet.
那时我首次出席TED 遇到Peter并给他看这个 我手中拿的是1 元的 网络 服务器 当时这算很先进了! 用一元美金制造服务器的可能性 最后演变成所谓的网络 现在这产业的实质影响深远 所及包含卫生保健、能源效率 我们也乐在其中 所以当Peter给我看他的构想时 我知道我们遗漏了一些东西 就是地球上的其他生物
So we started up this interspecies Internet project. Now we started talking with TED about how you bring dolphins and great apes and elephants to TED, and we realized that wouldn't work. So we're going to bring you to them. So if we could switch to the audio from this computer, we've been video conferencing with cognitive animals, and we're going to have each of them just briefly introduce them. And so if we could also have this up, great. So the first site we're going to meet is Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, with orangutans. In the daytime they live outside. It's nighttime there now. So can you please go ahead?
于是我们着手跨物种的互联网计划 于是我们跟TED谈论 如何把海豚、大猩猩和大象带来现场 不过我们后来觉得行不通 所以我们要把你们带到牠们面前 若我们将这计算机切换到音效模式 事实上我们和有认知能力的动物视讯过 我们会和提过的每一种动物接触 简短介绍一下牠们 接着…还有画面,太好了! 我们首先要联机的地点是 威科市(Waco)喀麦隆保护区动物园(Cameron Park Zoo)的红毛猩猩 牠们白天在户外,不过当地现在是晚上 妳先说
Terri Cox: Hi, I'm Terri Cox with the Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, Texas, and with me I have KeraJaan and Mei, two of our Bornean orangutans. During the day, they have a beautiful, large outdoor habitat, and at night, they come into this habitat, into their night quarters, where they can have a climate-controlled and secure environment to sleep in. We participate in the Apps for Apes program Orangutan Outreach, and we use iPads to help stimulate and enrich the animals, and also help raise awareness for these critically endangered animals. And they share 97 percent of our DNA and are incredibly intelligent, so it's so exciting to think of all the opportunities that we have via technology and the Internet to really enrich their lives and open up their world. We're really excited about the possibility of an interspecies Internet, and K.J. has been enjoying the conference very much.
Terri Cox:嗨,我是威科市喀麦隆保护区动物园的 泰瑞‧寇克斯 在我身边的是凯拉乔(KeraJaan)和梅(Mei) 牠们是婆罗洲猩猩(Bornean orangutans) 白天他们有个优美的 大型户外栖息地 晚上则回到这里 的夜间休息处 这里气候适宜 环境安全,可以睡覺 我们加入Orangutan Outreach(红毛猩猩推广组织)的 猿类应用程序计划,通过iPad帮助 激发并丰富动物的生活 同时唤醒社会对 濒危动物的认知 牠们的DNA 和我们有 97%相同 而且很聪明 所以,想到可借机通过网络和科技手段 让他们生活更丰富,视野更开阔 我就觉得很兴奋 我们对跨物种网络的潜力 非常期待 凯拉乔(K.J.)对视讯始终非常投入
NG: That's great. When we were rehearsing last night, he had fun watching the elephants. Next user group are the dolphins at the National Aquarium. Please go ahead.
Neil:这是好事!我们昨晚彩排时 他兴趣盎然地看着大象 下一组用户是国家水族馆的海豚 请说吧
Allison Ginsburg: Good evening. Well, my name is Allison Ginsburg, and we're live in Baltimore at the National Aquarium. Joining me are three of our eight Atlantic bottlenose dolphins: 20-year-old Chesapeake, who was our first dolphin born here, her four-year-old daughter Bayley, and her half sister, 11-year-old Maya. Now, here at the National Aquarium we are committed to excellence in animal care, to research, and to conservation. The dolphins are pretty intrigued as to what's going on here tonight. They're not really used to having cameras here at 8 o'clock at night. In addition, we are very committed to doing different types of research. As Diana mentioned, our animals are involved in many different research studies.
Allison Ginsburg: 晚上好。 我是艾利森-金斯伯格(Allison Ginsburg) 我们在巴尔的摩的国家水族馆 我身后是我们八只大西洋宽吻海豚中的三只 彻萨皮克(Chesapeake)20 岁,是这里出生的第一只海豚 她4岁的女儿贝利(Chesapeake) 还有她同母异父的姐姐,11 岁的玛雅(Maya) 这里是国家水族馆 我们竭力提升 动物照看、研究和保护 海豚对今晚的事很好奇 他们不太习惯 晚间八点上镜头 此外,我们还致力于 不同类型的研究 如Diana所说,我们的动物都参与了 许多不同的研究
NG: Those are for you. Okay, that's great, thank you. And the third user group, in Thailand, is Think Elephants. Go ahead, Josh.
Neil:就这些 好的,不错!谢谢! 下面是来自泰国的第三组用户 国际关怀大象组织的Josh,换你了!
Josh Plotnik: Hi, my name is Josh Plotnik, and I'm with Think Elephants International, and we're here in the Golden Triangle of Thailand with the Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation elephants. And we have 26 elephants here, and our research is focused on the evolution of intelligence with elephants, but our foundation Think Elephants is focused on bringing elephants into classrooms around the world virtually like this and showing people how incredible these animals are. So we're able to bring the camera right up to the elephant, put food into the elephant's mouth, show people what's going on inside their mouths, and show everyone around the world how incredible these animals really are.
Josh Plotnik: 嗨,我的名字是Josh Plotnik 我在国际关怀大象组织(TEI)工作 我们目前在泰国金三角的 金三角亚洲象基金会 这里有 26 头大象 我们的研究重点是大象智力的演进 不过国际关怀大象组织认更注重 让大象融入全球各地的教学现场 就像现场这样展示 这些动物有多不可思议 我们可以近距离拍摄大象 喂他食物 让人了解大象咀嚼的过程 让全球的人知道 大象有多棒
NG: Okay, that's great. Thanks Josh. And once again, we've been building great relationships among them just since we've been rehearsing. So at that point, if we can go back to the other computer, we were starting to think about how you integrate the rest of the biomass of the planet into the Internet, and we went to the best possible person I can think of, which is Vint Cerf, who is one of the founders who gave us the Internet. Vint?
Neil: 这真的很不错!谢谢Josh 同样,从彩排开始我们就在建立 他们之间的密切关系 假设那时我们可看到其他计算机 当时我们就想,要如何 以网络整合地球上的其他生物 于是我们找了我能想到的最佳人选 文特-瑟夫(Vint Cerf) 网络的创始者之一。文特?
VC: Thank you, Neil.
VC: 谢谢你,Neil
(Applause)
(掌声)
A long time ago in a galaxy — oops, wrong script. Forty years ago, Bob Kahn and I did the design of the Internet. Thirty years ago, we turned it on. Just last year, we turned on the production Internet. You've been using the experimental version for the last 30 years. The production version, it uses IP version 6. It has 3.4 times 10 to the 38th possible terminations. That's a number only that Congress can appreciate. But it leads to what is coming next.
久远前的星系…… 哎呀,拿错稿子了! 40年前,我和鲍勃-卡恩(Bob Kahn) 共同设计网络 10年后,我们使之开启 就在去年,我们启动了正式版网络 过去的30年来 大众使用的其实是试验版 正式版用的是因特网通讯协议第6版(IPv6) 支持约3.4 ×10^38个可能的地址 这种数字只有美国国会喜欢 但攸关未来发展
When Bob and I did this design, we thought we were building a system to connect computers together. What we very quickly discovered is that this was a system for connecting people together. And what you've seen tonight tells you that we should not restrict this network to one species, that these other intelligent, sentient species should be part of the system too.
鲍勃和我当初的设计 是要建立连接计算机的系统 但我们随即发现 事实上这是一个连接人群的系统 而各位今晚所见 告诉大家我们不应将网络 局限于单一物种 其他有感官智能的物种 也应涵盖在内
This is the system as it looks today, by the way. This is what the Internet looks like to a computer that's trying to figure out where the traffic is supposed to go. This is generated by a program that's looking at the connectivity of the Internet, and how all the various networks are connected together. There are about 400,000 networks, interconnected, run independently by 400,000 different operating agencies, and the only reason this works is that they all use the same standard TCP/IP protocols.
目前的网络系统就是这样子的,还有 这也是计算机演绎出的互联网架构 这架构试图找出 网络连结的方式 这图是由一个 观察网络连接的程序算出 这程序也观察不同网络间的连接方式 大约有40万,分别由40万不同机构独立运作 的网络互相连结 这模式能运作的唯一解释 就是他们使用相同标准的TCP/IP 通讯协议
Well, you know where this is headed. The Internet of Things tell us that a lot of computer-enabled appliances and devices are going to become part of this system too: appliances that you use around the house, that you use in your office, that you carry around with yourself or in the car. That's the Internet of Things that's coming. Now, what's important about what these people are doing is that they're beginning to learn how to communicate with species that are not us but share a common sensory environment. We're beginning to explore what it means to communicate with something that isn't just another person. Well, you can see what's coming next. All kinds of possible sentient beings may be interconnected through this system, and I can't wait to see these experiments unfold.
各位知道这发展的趋势 物联网(The Internet of Things)的启示就是 很多计算机兼容的装置设备 将成为此系统的一部分 像家电 办公设备 随身电器或汽车装置 这就是即将来临的物联网 而这些人目前所做的事之所以重要 是因为他们正学着 如何与 人类以外、与我们共享 感官环境的物种沟通 我们开始探讨 与其他物种沟通 的意义 各位可以预料事情的发展 所有感官物种 皆可通过此系统相互连接 我恨不得立刻看到这些实验开始进行
What happens after that? Well, let's see. There are machines that need to talk to machines and that we need to talk to, and so as time goes on, we're going to have to learn how to communicate with computers and how to get computers to communicate with us in the way that we're accustomed to, not with keyboards, not with mice, but with speech and gestures and all the natural human language that we're accustomed to. So we'll need something like C3PO to become a translator between ourselves and some of the other machines we live with.
那么结果如何呢? 我们拭目以待 机器间需要传输沟通 我们也需要和机器沟通,因此 我们需要与时俱进 学习如何与计算机沟通 学习如何让计算机以我们习惯的方式 与我们对话 不是靠键盘或鼠标 而是通过说话和手势 以及所有人类惯用的沟通方式 因此我们需要 C3PO(星际大战中的金色机器人)这类的 帮我们与日常所用的 其他机器沟通
Now, there is a project that's underway called the interplanetary Internet. It's in operation between Earth and Mars. It's operating on the International Space Station. It's part of the spacecraft that's in orbit around the Sun that's rendezvoused with two planets. So the interplanetary system is on its way, but there's a last project, which the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which funded the original ARPANET, funded the Internet, funded the interplanetary architecture, is now funding a project to design a spacecraft to get to the nearest star in 100 years' time. What that means is that what we're learning with these interactions with other species will teach us, ultimately, how we might interact with an alien from another world. I can hardly wait.
目前有个进行中的计划 叫作星际互联网 它在地球和火星间运作 在国际太空站进行 是一艘宇宙飞船的组件 飞船绕行太阳轨道时曾与两行星会合 星际互联网尚在发展中 不过有个最近完成的计划 是国防高等研究计划署(DARPA) 也就是资助过初版阿帕网(APPANET)的单位 他们也资助互联网、 星际演绎程序 不过目前投资的是一艘航天器的设计 以达成100 年内抵达最近恒星的目标 其意义就是我们目前研究的范围 也就是跨物种沟通 最终会使我们明白 我们与外星人的可能互动方式 我已经迫不急待了!
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June Cohen: So first of all, thank you, and I would like to acknowledge that four people who could talk to us for full four days actually managed to stay to four minutes each, and we thank you for that. I have so many questions, but maybe a few practical things that the audience might want to know. You're launching this idea here at TED — PG: Today.
June Cohen: 首先,谢谢你们 我得承认你们四人 本来可以谈上整整四天的 但你们充分运用每人分配到的四分钟 我们对此心怀感激 我有很多问题想问 但观众也许想知道几个实际的问题 你们在此发表这个构想 Peter: 今天第一次
JC: Today. This is the first time you're talking about it. Tell me a little bit about where you're going to take the idea. What's next?
June:所以,今天是你们首次发表 能否透漏这构想的未来发展? 下一步呢?
PG: I think we want to engage as many people here as possible in helping us think of smart interfaces that will make all this possible.
Peter:我们希望尽可能有更多人加入 并协助我们 设计智能界面来实现这一切
NG: And just mechanically, there's a 501(c)(3) and web infrastructure and all of that, but it's not quite ready to turn on, so we'll roll that out, and contact us if you want the information on it. The idea is this will be -- much like the Internet functions as a network of networks, which is Vint's core contribution, this will be a wrapper around all of these initiatives, that are wonderful individually, to link them globally.
Neil:在制度方面 目前已有一非营利组织和 网络基础建设 尽管如此,一切尚未就绪 但我们会完成,如需相关信息 请和我们联系 这构想会很像互联网的功能 变成网络的网络 这正是文特投入最多的地方 将会是一个集大成的综合计划 连结全球杰出的个别计划
JC: Right, and do you have a web address that we might look for yet?
June:好的,你有网址吗? 说不定我们可以去浏览
NG: Shortly. JC: Shortly. We will come back to you on that. And very quickly, just to clarify. Some people might have looked at the video that you showed and thought, well, that's just a webcam. What's special about it? If you could talk for just a moment about how you want to go past that?
Neil:等会儿就给妳 JC::那待会再找你们 可否请你们再简单说明一下 有些人可能已看过现场播过的视频 而且认为这不过就是网络视频 到底哪里特别呢? 可否请你们再说明一下 要如何更上一层楼?
NG: So this is scalable video infrastructure, not for a few to a few but many to many, so that it scales to symmetrical video sharing and content sharing across these sites around the planet. So there's a lot of back-end signal processing, not for one to many, but for many to many.
Neil: 这套公共视讯系统是可扩展的 能提供多对多的服务,而非只是几个对几个而已 所以可经由全球据点扩充 来进行对等视频或内容共享 因此有许多的后端信号处理 不是一对多而已,而是多对多
JC: Right, and then on a practical level, which technologies are you looking at first? I know you mentioned that a keyboard is a really key part of this.
June:好的,再从实际来看 什么是你们最想开发的技术? 我知道你们提过键盘是很重要的部分
DR: We're trying to develop an interactive touch screen for dolphins. This is sort of a continuation of some of the earlier work, and we just got our first seed money today towards that, so it's our first project.
Diana:我们正尝试着研发海豚用的触控屏幕 其中有一些可以说是早期研究的延续 我们今天刚得到第一笔创投资金 这是我们的第一个计划
JC: Before the talk, even. DR: Yeah.
June:早在今天到现场之前就有了? Diana:没错?
JC: Wow. Well done. All right, well thank you all so much for joining us. It's such a delight to have you on the stage.
June:哇哦,做得不错呢! 非常感谢你们今年来到现场 听你们在台上分享,真是太棒了!
DR: Thank you. VC: Thank you.
Diana: 谢谢你! Vint: 谢谢!
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