I'm from Detroit.
我來自底特律。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
A city that in the 1950s was the world's industrial giant, with a population of 1.8 million people and 140 square miles of land and infrastructure, used to support this booming, Midwestern urban center.
在五○年代,這個城市 是世界上的工業巨人, 有 180 萬人口, 以及 140 平方英哩的 土地和基礎建設, 用來支援這個興旺的 美國中西部都市中心。
And now today, just a half a century later, Detroit is the poster child for urban decay. Currently in Detroit, our population is under 700,000, of which 84 percent are African American, and due to decades of disinvestment and capital flight from the city into the suburbs, there is a scarcity in Detroit. There is a scarcity of retail, more specifically, fresh food retail, resulting in a city where 70 percent of Detroiters are obese and overweight, and they struggle. They struggle to access nutritious food that they need, that they need to stay healthy, that they need to prevent premature illness and diet-related diseases. Far too many Detroiters live closer to a fast food restaurant or to a convenience store, or to a gas station where they have to shop for food than they do a full-service supermarket. And this is not good news about the city of Detroit, but this is the news and the story that Detroiters intend to change. No, I'm going to take that back. This is the story that Detroiters are changing, through urban agriculture and food entrepreneurship.
而現今, 僅僅半世紀之後, 底特律成了都市衰退的典型代表。 目前,底特律的人口數不到 70 萬, 當中有 84% 是非裔美國人, 因為數十年來的撤資 以及資金外流, 從城市外流到郊區, 在底特律出現了蕭條。 零售業出現蕭條, 更明確來說, 是新鮮食物零售出現蕭條, 結果是,有 70% 的底特律人 肥胖或過重, 他們很辛苦。 他們要很辛苦才能找到 他們需要的營養食物, 他們需要這些食物來保持健康, 他們需要這些食物來預防過早 有身體不適及飲食相關的疾病。 太多太多底特律人 住的地方靠近速食餐廳、 或便利商店、或加油站, 他們必須在這些地方買食物, 而找不到完整服務的超市。 這對底特律而言並不是好消息, 但這是底特律人「打算」 要去改變的 消息和故事。 不,我收回那句話。 這是底特律人「正在」試著改變的故事, 透過都市農業 和食物企業經營來做改變。
Here's the thing: because of Detroit's recent history, it now finds itself with some very unique assets, open land being one of them. Experts say that the entire cities of Boston, San Francisco, and the borough of Manhattan will fit in the land area of the city of Detroit. They further go on to say that 40 square miles of the city is vacant. That's a quarter to a third of the city, and with that level of emptiness, it creates a landscape unlike any other big city. So Detroit has this -- open land, fertile soil, proximity to water, willing labor and a desperate demand for healthy, fresh food. All of this has created a people-powered grassroots movement of people in Detroit who are transforming this city from what was the capital of American industry into an agrarian paradise.
重點是這個: 因為底特律近期的歷史, 以致於現在, 它有著一些非常獨特的資產, 其中之一是開放的土地。 專家說,波士頓、舊金山, 和曼哈頓行政區全部相加的面積 還比底特律市的土地面積小。 他們進一步說, 該城市有 40 平方英哩的 空間是空著的。 那是城市面積的 四分之一到三分之一, 這麼空曠的程度, 創造出來的景色 也和其他大城市很不同。 所以,底特律有這些: 開放土地、肥沃土壤、 離水很近的位置、 勞動的意願、 以及對於新鮮健康食物的高度需求。 這一切加起來,創造出了 由人民推動的草根運動, 參與者是底特律的人, 他們在把這個城市做轉變, 從過去美國工業的首都, 變成農耕的天堂。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
You know, I think, out of all the cities in the world, Detroit, Michigan, is best positioned to serve as the world's urban exemplar of food security and sustainable development. In Detroit, we have over 1,500, yes, 1,500 gardens and farms located all across the city today. And these aren't plots of land where we're just growing tomatoes and carrots either. You understand, urban agriculture in Detroit is all about community, because we grow together. So these spaces are spaces of conviviality. These spaces are places where we're building social cohesion as well as providing healthy, fresh food to our friends, our families and our neighbors.
我認為,在全世界所有的城市中, 在食物安全以及永續發展方面, 密西根的底特律 最適合成為世界的都市典範。 現今,在底特律, 有 1500 個,是的, 1500 個花園和農田,遍及全市。 這些也不是只被我們 拿來種植蕃茄和蘿蔔的小塊土地。 你們要了解,底特律的 都市農業重點在於社群, 因為我們一起成長。 所以這些空間是歡快友好的空間。 我們在這些地方建立社會融和, 也把新鮮健康的食物 提供給我們的親朋好友和鄰居。
Come walk with me. I want to take you through a few Detroit neighborhoods, and I want you to see what it looks like when you empower local leadership, and when you support grassroots movements of folks who are moving the needle in low-income communities and people of color.
來跟我走一趟。 我想要帶你們走過 幾個底特律的鄰里, 我想要讓你們看看,當你們 將權力賦予地方的領導者、 支持由在低收入社區中有影響力的人 以及有色人種所進行的草根運動時, 情況會是什麼樣子。
Our first stop, Oakland Avenue Farms. Oakland Avenue Farms is located in Detroit's North End neighborhood. Oakland Avenue Farms is transforming into a five-acre landscape combining art, architecture, sustainable ecologies and new market practices. In the truest sense of the word, this is what agriculture looks like in the city of Detroit. I've had the opportunity to work with Oakland Avenue Farms in hosting Detroit-grown and made farm-to-table dinners. These are dinners where we bring folks onto the farm, we give them plenty of time and opportunity to meet and greet and talk to the grower, and then they're taken on a farm tour. And then afterwards, they're treated to a farm-to-table meal prepared by a chef who showcases all the produce on the farm right at the peak of its freshness. We do that. We bring people onto the farm, we have folks sitting around a table, because we want to change people's relationship to food. We want them to know exactly where their food comes from that is grown on that farm that's on the plate.
我們的第一站,奧克蘭大道農場。 奧克蘭大道農場位在 底特律北端的鄰坊中, 奧克蘭大道農場正在 轉變為五英畝的景色, 結合了藝術、建築、永續生態、 以及新的市場做法。 在最真實的意義上, 在底特律的農業 看起來就是這個樣子的。 我有機會和奧克蘭大道農場合作, 主辦「農場到餐桌」晚餐會, 用底特律種植及製作的食物。 在這些晚餐會, 我們會帶人們到農場來, 我們給予他們很足夠的時間和機會, 可以會見種植者, 和他們打招呼、聊天, 接著他們會被帶去參觀農場。 之後,他們能享用 「農場到餐桌」餐點, 餐點由一位主廚來準備, 他會讓農場所有的產物 在最新鮮的時候亮相。 我們是那樣做的。 我們把人們帶到農場, 我們讓人們圍著桌子坐下, 因為我們想要改變 人們與食物的關係。 我們希望他們能清楚 知道食物來自何處, 盤子中的食物, 正是在那個農場中生長的。
My second stop, I'm going to take you on the west side of Detroit, to the Brightmoor neighborhood. Now, Brightmoor is a lower-income community in Detroit. There's about 13,000 residents in Brightmoor. They decided to take a block-by-block-by-block strategy. So within the neighborhood of Brightmoor, you'll find a 21-block microneighborhood called Brightmoor Farmway. Now, what was a notorious, unsafe, underserved community has transformed into a welcoming, beautiful, safe farmway, lush with parks and gardens and farms and greenhouses. This tight-knit community also came together recently, and they purchased an abandoned building, an abandoned building that was in disrepair and in foreclosure. And with the help of friends and families and volunteers, they were able to take down the bulletproof glass, they were able to clean up the grounds and they transformed that building into a community kitchen, into a cafe, into a storefront. Now the farmers and the food artisans who live in Brightmoor, they have a place where they can make and sell their product. And the people in the community have some place where they can buy healthy, fresh food.
我的第二站, 我要帶你們去底特律的西區, 去布萊特摩爾區。 現在,布萊特摩爾是 底特律的低收入區。 布萊特摩爾的居民數大約 13000。 他們決定採用的策略是 一個街區一個街區來做。 所以,在布萊特摩爾的鄰坊中, 可以找到一個 21 街區的 微鄰坊,叫做布萊特摩爾農道。 這裡曾經是個惡名昭彰、不安全、 得不到充分服務的社區, 現在已轉變為一個歡迎人、 漂亮、安全的農道, 裡面滿是公園、花園、 農場,以及溫室。 這個緊室接合的社區 也是近期才建起來的, 他們買下了一棟廢棄的建築, 這棟廢棄的建築失修破損, 且喪失抵押品贖回權。 在朋友、家人、志工的協助下, 他們能夠把防彈玻璃拆除, 他們能夠把地板清理乾淨, 他們把那建築轉變成了社區廚房、 咖啡廳,以及店面。 現在,住在布萊特摩爾的 農夫以及食物工匠 有個地方可以讓他們製作 和販售他們的產品。 而社區內的人 也有地方可以購買新鮮健康的食物。
Urban agriculture -- and this is my third example -- can be used as a way to lift up the business cooperative model. The 1,500 farms and gardens I told you about earlier? Keep Growing Detroit is a nonprofit organization that had a lot to do with those farms. They distributed last year 70,000 packets of seeds and a quarter of a million transplants, and as a result of that last year, 550,000 pounds of produce was grown in the city of Detroit.
我的第三個例子是,都市農業 可以被用來當作是振興 這個企業合作模型的方式。 我先前告訴各位的 1500 個農場和花園? 「持續種植底特律」是個非營利組織, 那些農場和它很有關係。 去年,他們分發了七萬包種子、 25 萬株移植苗木, 而去年的成果是 有 55 萬磅的農產品 是在底特律種植的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
But aside from all of that, they also manage and operate a cooperative. It's called Grown in Detroit. It consists of about 70 farmers, small farmers. They all grow, and they sell together. They grow fruits, they grow vegetables, they grow flowers, they grow herbs in healthy soil, free of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified products -- healthy food. And when their product is sold all over the city of Detroit in local markets, they get a hundred percent of the proceeds from the sale.
但除了這些之外, 他們也想辦法營運了一間合作社。 叫做「種於底特律」。 成員有 70 位農夫, 都是小農夫。 他們都會種植,然後一起販售。 他們會種水果, 他們會種蔬菜, 他們會種花, 他們會在健康土壤上種藥草, 沒有化學物質、農藥、肥料、 基因改造產品, 這些都是健康食物。 當他們的產品在底特律 全市各處的當地市場中賣掉時, 他們從銷售得到的收益是 100%。
In a city like Detroit, where far too many, far too many African Americans are dying as a result of diet-related diseases, restaurants, they have a huge role to play in increasing healthy food access in the city of Detroit, culturally appropriate restaurants. Enter Detroit Vegan Soul. Yes, we have a vegan soul food restaurant in the city of Detroit.
在底特律這樣子的城市, 有太多太多非裔美國人的死於 飲食相關疾病, 因此餐廳扮演了很重要的角色, 來協助增加健康食物 在底特律的可得性, 在文化契合之餐廳中的可得性。 這就要談到「底特律 全素靈魂餐廳」了。 是的,在底特律也有賣傳統食物的素食餐廳了。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Yes, yes. Detroit Vegan Soul is providing Detroiters the opportunity to eat more plant-based meals and they've received an overwhelming response from Detroiters. Detroiters are hungry for culturally appropriate, fresh, delicious food. That's why we built a nonprofit organization called FoodLab Detroit, to help small neighborhood burgeoning food entrepreneurs start and scale healthy food businesses. FoodLab provides these entrepreneurs incubation, hands-on education, workshops, technical assistance, access to industry experts so that they can grow and scale. They're very small businesses, but last year, they had a combined revenue of over 7.5 million dollars, and they provided 252 jobs.
是的,是的。 「底特律全素靈魂」讓底特律人有機會 吃到更多素食餐點, 且底特律人對這間餐廳的反應非常棒。 底特律人很渴望能有文化契合的、 新鮮、好吃的食物。 因此我們建立了一個非營利組織, 叫做「底特律食物實驗室」, 來協助鄰坊中正在 快速發展的小型創業家, 開始做健康食物生意並擴展規模。 食物實驗室提供這些創業家籌劃、 實做教育訓練、工作坊、 技術協助,和產業專家接觸的門徑, 讓他們能夠成長和擴展。 他們的企業很小, 但去年,他們加起來的收益 超過 750 萬美金, 且他們提供了 252 個工作機會。
Listen.
聽著...
(Applause)
(掌聲)
These are just a few examples on how you expand opportunities so that everybody can participate and prosper, particularly those who come from neighborhoods that have been historically excluded from these types of opportunities.
這些只是少數的例子, 說明你要如何拓展機會, 讓每個人都可以參與, 一起昌盛, 特別是那些在歷史上 所住區域都沒有這類機會的人。
I know, I know. My city is a long way from succeeding. We're still struggling, and I'm not going to stand here on this stage and tell you that all of Detroit's problems and all of Detroit's challenges are going to be solved through urban agriculture. I'm not going to do that, but I will tell you this: urban agriculture has Detroit thinking about its city now in a different way, a city that can be both urban and rural. And yes, I know, these stories are small, these stories are neighborhood-based stories, but these stories are powerful. They're powerful because I'm showing you how we're creating a new society left vacant in the places and the spaces that was disintegration from the old. They're powerful stories because they're stories about love, the love that Detroiters have for one another, the love that we have for our community, the love that we have for Mother Earth, but more importantly, these stories are stories on how devastation, despair, decay never ever get the last word in the city of Detroit. When hundreds of thousands of people left Detroit, and they left us for dead, those who stayed had hope. They held on to hope. They never gave up. They always kept fighting. And listen, I know, transforming a big city like Detroit to one that is prosperous, one that's functional, one that's healthy, one that's inclusive, one that provides opportunities for all, I know it's tough, I know it's challenging, I know it's hard. But I just believe that if we start strengthening the social fabric of our communities, and if we kickstart economic opportunities in our most vulnerable neighborhoods, it all starts with healthy, accessible, delicious, culturally appropriate food.
我知道,我知道。 我的城市和成功的距離很遠。 我們仍然在掙扎, 我不會站在台上這裡告訴你們 底特律所有的問題和挑戰 都能透過都市農業來解決。 我不會這麼做, 但我會告訴你們這一點: 都市農業讓底特律 現在能夠用不同的方式 來看待這個城市, 這個城市能同時是都市又是郊區。 是的,我知道, 這些故事都是小故事, 這些故事都是鄰坊的故事, 但這些故事很強大。 它們很強大是因為, 我向各位展現出一個新的社會 是如何從一個曾在歷史洪流中 被遺忘瓦解的城市重生而出的。 這些故事強大, 因為它們是關於愛的故事, 底特律人對彼此的愛, 我們對社區的愛, 我們對大地之母的愛, 更重要的是,這些故事 是關於荒廢、絕望、衰落 在底特律市裡永遠不會取得決定權。 當數十萬人離開底特律時, 他們丟下我們等死, 而留下的人抱有希望。 他們緊抓著希望。 他們從不放棄。 他們總是持續奮戰。 聽著,我知道, 把底特律這麼大的城市 轉變成一個繁榮、 有功能性、健康、包容、 且能提供機會給所有人的城市, 我知道很艱難, 我知道很有挑戰,我知道很不容易。 但我就是相信, 如果我們能開始強化社區的社會結構, 如果我們在最脆弱的鄰坊中 推動經濟機會, 這一切都始於健康、可取得、 美味、與文化契合的食物。
Thank you very much.
非常謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Thank you.
謝謝。