So the first robot to talk about is called STriDER. It stands for Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot. It's a robot that has three legs, which is inspired by nature. But have you seen anything in nature, an animal that has three legs? Probably not. So why do I call this a biologically inspired robot? How would it work? But before that, let's look at pop culture. So, you know H.G. Wells's "War of the Worlds," novel and movie. And what you see over here is a very popular video game, and in this fiction, they describe these alien creatures and robots that have three legs that terrorize Earth. But my robot, STriDER, does not move like this.
我們首先談到的機器人叫 STriDER, 它的意思是 三腳動力實驗性機器人。 這是一個有三隻腳的機器人, 它的靈感是從自然界中所獲得的。 但是,你可曾看過自然界中 有三隻腳的生物嗎? 大概沒有,那爲什麽我稱這機器人為 被生物所啓發的機器人?這機器人是怎麼運作的呢? 在我解釋之前,讓我們先來看看流行文化, 都聽過 H.G.Wells 的世界大戰小說和電影吧。 你們現在在這邊所看到的是一個很熱門的 電腦遊戲。 在小說裏面,他們把這些襲擊地球的 外星生物描述成有三隻腳的機器人。 但是我的機器人 STriDER,不是這樣移動的。
This is an actual dynamic simulation animation. I'm going to show you how the robot works. It flips its body 180 degrees and it swings its leg between the two legs and catches the fall. So that's how it walks. But when you look at us human beings, bipedal walking, what you're doing is, you're not really using muscle to lift your leg and walk like a robot. What you're doing is, you swing your leg and catch the fall, stand up again, swing your leg and catch the fall. You're using your built-in dynamics, the physics of your body, just like a pendulum. We call that the concept of passive dynamic locomotion. What you're doing is, when you stand up, potential energy to kinetic energy, potential energy to kinetic energy. It's a constantly falling process. So even though there is nothing in nature that looks like this, really, we're inspired by biology and applying the principles of walking to this robot. Thus, it's a biologically inspired robot.
這是一個真正的動力學模擬動畫。 我將會向你們展示這個機器人是如何運作的。 它把自己翻了180度, 它通過甩動兩條腿中間的腿來防止自己跌倒。 看,它就是這樣走路的。但是,我們再看看自己, 人類 — 靠雙腿行走的生物, 我們並沒有用肌肉 抬起自己的腿,然後走得像個機器人,對吧? 你做的實際上是甩開你的腿來止住自己跌倒的趨勢, 重新站穩,并再次甩開腿。 通過運用我們身體內置的動力機制 — 身體的物理構造, 就像個鐘擺一般, 我們把這概念叫做消極動力運動。 你做的是,當你站立的時候, 位能轉化 為動能, 這是一個普通的下落過程。 所以,儘管自然界中沒有生物長成這樣, 我們仍然從生物學中受到啓發, 并製造出機器人的這種行走模式。 所以,這是一個受生物所啓發的機器人。 你們現在所看到的這個,則是我們接下來想要做的。
What you see here, this is what we want to do next. We want to fold up the legs and shoot it up for long-range motion. And it deploys legs -- it looks almost like "Star Wars" -- so when it lands, it absorbs the shock and starts walking. What you see over here, this yellow thing, this is not a death ray.
我們想把腿折起來,然後把它射出去以做長距離的移動。 它叉開它的腿,這讓它看起來像電影星際大戰裡面的角色。 當它降落的時候,它能吸收震盪,并開始行走。 你們在這邊所看到的這個,這黃色的東西,這不是死光。 這只是用來告訴你,機器人上是否具備相機,
(Laughter)
This is just to show you that if you have cameras or different types of sensors, because it's 1.8 meters tall, you can see over obstacles like bushes and those kinds of things.
或別種感測器, 因為它很高,它有 1.8 公尺高, 所以你可以穿過像灌木叢這樣的障礙物來觀察前方。 我們做了兩個原型機,
So we have two prototypes. The first version, in the back, that's STriDER I. The one in front, the smaller, is STriDER II. The problem we had with STriDER I is, it was just too heavy in the body. We had so many motors aligning the joints and those kinds of things. So we decided to synthesize a mechanical mechanism so we could get rid of all the motors, and with a single motor, we can coordinate all the motions. It's a mechanical solution to a problem, instead of using mechatronics. So with this, now the top body is lighted up; it's walking in our lab. This was the very first successful step. It's still not perfected, its coffee falls down, so we still have a lot of work to do.
第一版,後面的那個,這是 STriDER I, 這在前面的,更小的,是 STriDER II. STriDER I 的問題是 身體過重。因為你知道,我們要 連接許多關節,所以安裝上很多馬達一類的東西。 所以,我們決定想出一種機械原理, 以擺脫所有的馬達,只需使用單一馬達, 我們就可以連貫所有動作。 我們運用了機械原理來解決問題,而不是使用電子機械。 現在,機器人的上身輕得足夠讓它在實驗室行走。 這只是邁向成功的第一步。 它仍然是不完美的。它拿著的咖啡掉了, 所以,我們仍然有很多工作要做。
The second robot I want to talk about is called IMPASS. It stands for Intelligent Mobility Platform with Actuated Spoke System. It's a wheel-leg hybrid robot. So think of a rimless wheel or a spoke wheel, but the spokes individually move in and out of the hub; so, it's a wheel-leg hybrid. We're literally reinventing the wheel here. Let me demonstrate how it works. So in this video we're using an approach called the reactive approach. Just simply using the tactile sensors on the feet, it's trying to walk over a changing terrain, a soft terrain where it pushes down and changes. And just by the tactile information, it successfully crosses over these types of terrains.
我要介紹的第二個機器人叫 IMPASS。 它的意思是輪輻驅動系統的智慧型移動平臺, 這是個輪、腳混合的機器人。 試著想像一個沒輪框的輪子, 或者一個有輻條的輪子, 但是輪輻獨立地在輪軸裡外運動, 所以就成了輪、腳混合, 事實上,我們相當於重新發明了一種輪子。 讓我來示範一下它是如何運作的。 在這個影片裡,我們用了一種方法, 叫反應途徑。 只要運用它腳上的觸覺感應器, 它正嘗試穿過一個不停改變的地形, 一個柔軟的地形,它會受壓變形。 僅憑藉它的觸覺訊息, 它成功地穿越了這些地形。
But, when it encounters a very extreme terrain -- in this case, this obstacle is more than three times the height of the robot -- then it switches to a deliberate mode, where it uses a laser range finder and camera systems to identify the obstacle and the size. And it carefully plans the motion of the spokes and coordinates it so it can show this very impressive mobility. You probably haven't seen anything like this out there. This is a very high-mobility robot that we developed called IMPASS. Ah, isn't that cool?
但,當它遭遇了一個十分嚴峻的地形,比如說: 在它前面的障礙是 它身高的3倍多, 它就會轉到一種思考模式, 這個模式使用一種鐳射找尋器, 以及相機系統,來確定障礙和它的體積, 然後它會做計劃,小心的計劃它輪輻的移動, 並協調其移動,因此,它就能夠做出這些 十分讓人驚歎的移動能力。 你可能在外頭從沒看過類似這樣的東西。 這是我們所開發的一種有 很高移動能力的機器人,叫做 IMPASS。 啊...這不是很酷嗎?
When you drive your car, when you steer your car, you use a method called Ackermann steering. The front wheels rotate like this. For most small-wheeled robots, they use a method called differential steering where the left and right wheel turn the opposite direction. For IMPASS, we can do many, many different types of motion. For example, in this case, even though the left and right wheels are connected with a single axle rotating at the same angle of velocity, we simply change the length of the spoke, it affects the diameter, then can turn to the left and to the right. These are just some examples of the neat things we can do with IMPASS.
當你開車的時候, 當你駕駛你的汽車的時候,你用一種 叫做 Ackermann 的方法, 來做前輪驅動,像這樣。 對於大多數的小輪子機器人, 它們用一種叫差速齒輪方法, 即左右兩個輪分別轉向相反方向。 對於 IMPASS 來說,我們可以做很多不同類型的動作。 舉例來說,在這裡,儘管左輪和右輪通過 單一輪軸相連,以相同的角速度在旋轉, 我們只要簡單的改變輪輻的長度, 它影響了直徑,然後它就會向左轉,再向右轉。 所以,這只是一些 IMPASS 可以做到的美妙的例子。
This robot is called CLIMBeR: Cable-suspended Limbed Intelligent Matching Behavior Robot. I've been talking to a lot of NASA JPL scientists -- at JPL, they are famous for the Mars rovers -- and the scientists, geologists always tell me that the real interesting science, the science-rich sites, are always at the cliffs. But the current rovers cannot get there. So, inspired by that, we wanted to build a robot that can climb a structured cliff environment.
這個機器人叫 CLIMBeR, 吊索智能行為協調機器人。 我曾和很多 NASA JPL 的科學家交談過, 他們是 JPL 登月機器人的專家。 這些科學家,地理學家總是告訴我, 真正有趣的科學研究, 富有研究價值的地點,總是在懸崖邊緣才能發現。 但是,現在的登月機器人到不了那些地方。 因此,受到這對話的啟發,我們想建一個機器人, 能夠攀爬懸崖峭壁,
So this is CLIMBeR. It has three legs. It's probably difficult to see, but it has a winch and a cable at the top. It tries to figure out the best place to put its foot. And then once it figures that out, in real time, it calculates the force distribution: how much force it needs to exert to the surface so it doesn't tip and doesn't slip. Once it stabilizes that, it lifts a foot, and then with the winch, it can climb up these kinds of cliffs. Also for search and rescue applications as well.
於是,我們有了 CLIMBeR。 來看看它是如何做到的,它有三條腿,這大概很難看到, 它有個絞盤和繩索在頂部, 它會嘗試找到最好的地方落腳。 一旦找到了這地方, 它即時計算力量的分佈。 它需要多大的力氣才能在表面站穩, 而不至於會摔倒或者滑到。 一旦它穩定後,就會抬起一條腿, 然後,使用絞盤,它可以爬上這種東西。 這種技術用於搜索和救難同樣有用。
Five years ago, I actually worked at NASA JPL during the summer as a faculty fellow. And they already had a six-legged robot called LEMUR. So this is actually based on that. This robot is called MARS: Multi-Appendage Robotic System. It's a hexapod robot. We developed our adaptive gait planner. We actually have a very interesting payload on there. The students like to have fun. And here you can see that it's walking over unstructured terrain.
五年前的一個夏天我在 NASA JPL 兼任暑期教職。 他們已經有一個六支腳的機器人,叫 LEMUR。 這機器人其實是以 LEMUR 為基礎的,它叫 MARS, 多附加機器人工程系統。是的,這是個六足機器人, 我們開發了自己的適應性步伐平台, 實際上,我們放了一個很有趣的貨物在它上面。 學生們喜歡有趣的東西。這裡你可以看到它 走過沒有結構可言的地形。 它正嘗試穿過這粗糙的地形,
(Motor sound)
It's trying to walk on the coastal terrain, a sandy area, but depending on the moisture content or the grain size of the sand, the foot's soil sinkage model changes, so it tries to adapt its gait to successfully cross over these kind of things. It also does some fun stuff. As you can imagine, we get so many visitors visiting our lab. So when the visitors come, MARS walks up to the computer, starts typing, "Hello, my name is MARS. Welcome to RoMeLa, the Robotics Mechanisms Laboratory at Virginia Tech."
沙地, 根據濕度大小或者沙子顆粒大小, 它腳的泥土陷入模式會改變, 所以,它嘗試把它的步伐調整到能成功地穿過這些地方。 因此,可以想像,它會做出一些有趣的動作, 很多人會到我們的實驗室參觀, 當有參觀者來的時候,MARS 會走到電腦前, 開始打字:「嗨,我叫 MARS。」 歡迎來到 RoMeLa, 在維吉尼亞理工的機器人工程實驗室。
(Laughter)
這是個阿米巴機器人,
This robot is an amoeba robot. Now, we don't have enough time to go into technical details, I'll just show you some of the experiments. These are some of the early feasibility experiments. We store potential energy to the elastic skin to make it move, or use active tension cords to make it move forward and backward. It's called ChIMERA. We also have been working with some scientists and engineers from UPenn to come up with a chemically actuated version of this amoeba robot. We do something to something, and just like magic, it moves. "The Blob."
們沒有時間詳細討論技術細節, 我將直接展示一些實驗給你們看。 這是我們一些早期的可行性實驗。 我們在它的彈性皮膚上儲存位能用以驅動它。 或者用一個彈簧索來讓它 向前或者向後移動。它叫做 ChiMERA. 我們也曾和一些來自賓大的 科學家和工程師合作 開發了一個這阿米巴機器人的 化學能驅動版本。 我們這兒加點,那兒也加點。 就像魔術一樣,結果,它動了,這小圓塊。
This robot is a very recent project. It's called RAPHaEL: Robotic Air-Powered Hand with Elastic Ligaments. There are a lot of really neat, very good robotic hands out there on the market. The problem is, they're just too expensive -- tens of thousands of dollars. So for prosthesis applications it's probably not too practical, because it's not affordable. We wanted to tackle this problem in a very different direction. Instead of using electrical motors, electromechanical actuators, we're using compressed air. We developed these novel actuators for the joints, so it's compliant. You can actually change the force, simply just changing the air pressure. And it can actually crush an empty soda can. It can pick up very delicate objects like a raw egg, or in this case, a lightbulb. The best part: it took only 200 dollars to make the first prototype.
這機器人是一個非常新的計畫,叫 RAPHaEL, 有彈性韌帶的空氣驅動手機器人。 市面上有很多很好,很巧妙地機械手, 問題是,它們都過於昂貴,每個需要成千上萬的美金。 所以,應用在義肢上可能並不會太實用, 因為大多數人負擔不起。 我們希望能從一個十分不同的角度來解決這個問題, 我們不再用電動馬達和其它的機電驅動, 我們使用壓縮空氣, 我們開發了這些新型的關節驅動器, 它的兼容性很高。你可以簡單地 通過改變氣壓改變力度, 它可以壓扁空的易開罐。 也可以撿起像生雞蛋這樣易碎的物體。 或像這邊,一個燈泡。 最妙的是,它只需要二百美金,就能做出第一台原型機。
This robot is actually a family of snake robots that we call HyDRAS, Hyper Degrees-of-freedom Robotic Articulated Serpentine. This is a robot that can climb structures. This is a HyDRAS's arm. It's a 12-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm. But the cool part is the user interface. The cable over there, that's an optical fiber. This student, it's probably her first time using it, but she can articulate it in many different ways. So, for example, in Iraq, the war zone, there are roadside bombs. Currently, you send these remotely controlled vehicles that are armed. It takes really a lot of time and it's expensive to train the operator to operate this complex arm. In this case, it's very intuitive; this student, probably his first time using it, is doing very complex manipulation tasks, picking up objects and doing manipulation, just like that. Very intuitive.
這機器人其實屬於蛇形機器人系列, 我們稱它為 HyDRAS, 蛇形高自由度機器人。 這機器人可以攀爬。 這是 HyDRAS 的手臂, 這是有 12 個自由度的機械手臂。 但最酷的還是使用者界面。 電纜在那兒,這是一條光纖, 而這學生,大概是第一次用, 但她可以通過不同方式清楚傳達她的意思。 舉個例子,在伊拉克,你知道,是個戰場, 那裡路邊有炸彈。 目前你可以派這 武裝的遙控載具過去, 這真的會花費很多時間和金錢 去訓練操縱員操作這複雜的機械手臂, 而這邊則是十分直覺的。 這學生,大概是第一次用,正在進行十分複雜的操縱任務, 撿起物體,並進行操控, 像這樣,非常直觀。
Now, this robot is currently our star robot. We actually have a fan club for the robot, DARwIn: Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence. As you know, we're very interested in human walking, so we decided to build a small humanoid robot. This was in 2004; at that time, this was something really, really revolutionary. This was more of a feasibility study: What kind of motors should we use? Is it even possible? What kinds of controls should we do? This does not have any sensors, so it's an open-loop control. For those who probably know, if you don't have any sensors and there's any disturbances, you know what happens.
這個機器人是我們的明星級機器人。 我們的 DARwin 機器人有一個粉絲團, 人形動力智能機器人。 如你所知,我們對人形機器人, 以及人類行走非常感興趣, 所以,我們打算做一個小型的人形機器人。 那是在 2004 年, 在當時,這計畫非常、非常的有革命性。 這更像是一項可行性研究, 我們應該用怎麼樣的馬達呢? 這真的可行嗎?我們要如何控制呢? 沒有任何的感應器, 開環控制, 你們中一些人可能會知道,如果你沒有任何感應器, 而同時又有干擾的時候,會有什麽事情發生。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Based on that success, the following year we did the proper mechanical design, starting from kinematics. And thus, DARwIn I was born in 2005. It stands up, it walks -- very impressive. However, still, as you can see, it has a cord, an umbilical cord. So we're still using an external power source and external computation.
所以,基於這些成就,後面一年 我們做了適當的機械設計, 從運動學開始。 最後,DARwin 一代在 2005 年誕生。 它站起來了,還能走了,十分讓人震驚。 儘管如此,你還是能看到, 它有條電線,臍帶,我們仍然使用外部電源 和外部的計算。
So in 2006, now it's really time to have fun. Let's give it intelligence. We give it all the computing power it needs: a 1.5 gigahertz Pentium M chip, two FireWire cameras, rate gyros, accelerometers, four forced sensors on the foot, lithium polymer batteries -- and now DARwIn II is completely autonomous. It is not remote controlled. There's no tethers. It looks around, searches for the ball ... looks around, searches for the ball, and it tries to play a game of soccer autonomously -- artificial intelligence. Let's see how it does. This was our very first trial, and ...
所以,到了 2006 年,是時候來點有趣的了。 我們給了它智能,我們給了它所有它需要的計算能力, 1.5千兆赫的奔騰M晶片, 兩個火線攝影機,八個陀螺儀,加速度計, 四個腳上的扭矩感應器,鋰電池。 現在的 DARwin 二代完全自動化了, 它不再是遙控的了。 沒有外部繫繩。看,它朝四處看,尋找那個球, 不停地看,搜索那個球,而且它嘗試著去踢足球, 這就是自動化的,人工智能。 讓我們來看它是怎樣做到的。這是我們第一次的嘗試, 影片:進了!
(Video) Spectators: Goal!
Dennis Hong: There is actually a competition called RoboCup. I don't know how many of you have heard about RoboCup. It's an international autonomous robot soccer competition. And the actual goal of RoboCup is, by the year 2050, we want to have full-size, autonomous humanoid robots play soccer against the human World Cup champions and win.
這其實是一個叫作 RoboCup 的比賽。 我不知道你們有多少人聽過 RoboCup, 這是一個國際性的自動化機器人足球比賽。 RoboCup 真正的目標是, 到 2050 年, 我們會有全尺寸、自動化的人形機器人 足球隊與人類世界杯冠軍對壘, 而且,還要打贏人類。
(Laughter)
這是個千真萬確的目標,也是個十分有野心的目標,
It's a true, actual goal. It's a very ambitious goal, but we truly believe we can do it.
但我們確信,我們可以做到。
This is last year in China. We were the very first team in the United States that qualified in the humanoid RoboCup competition. This is this year in Austria. You're going to see the action is three against three, completely autonomous.
這是去年在中國, 我們是美國第一個獲得 人形機器人競賽參賽資格的隊伍。 而今年,在奧地利。 你們即將看到這比賽,是三對三, 完全地自動化。
(Video) (Crowd groans)
進了!耶!
DH: There you go. Yes! The robots track and they team-play amongst themselves. It's very impressive. It's really a research event, packaged in a more exciting competition event. What you see here is the beautiful Louis Vuitton Cup trophy. This is for the best humanoid. We'd like to bring this, for the first time, to the United States next year, so wish us luck.
機器人跟著球跑,而且它們能有組織地踢, 完全由它們自己組織。 這讓人十分驚訝。這其實是一個包裝在 讓人興奮地比賽活動裡的研究項目。 你在這裡看到的,真是漂亮, Louis Vuitton Cup 獎盃。 這是給最佳人形機器人的, 我們很高興能將這個獎盃首次捧回美國, 下一年,希望我們也能夠如此幸運。
(Applause)
謝謝。
Thank you.
(掌聲)
(Applause)
DARwin 還有很多其它技能。
DARwIn also has a lot of other talents. Last year, it actually conducted the Roanoke Symphony Orchestra for the holiday concert. This is the next generation robot, DARwIn IV, much smarter, faster, stronger. And it's trying to show off its ability: "I'm macho, I'm strong."
去年,在假日音樂會上, 它指揮了 Roanoke 交響樂團。 這是下一代機器人,DARwin 四代, 更聰明,更快,更強。 它正炫耀它的本領。 「看我強壯又威武。」
(Laughter)
「我也可以做一些成龍
"I can also do some Jackie Chan-motion, martial art movements."
電影裡的武術動作啊」
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
And it walks away. So this is DARwIn IV. Again, you'll be able to see it in the lobby. We truly believe this will be the very first running humanoid robot in the United States. So stay tuned.
然後,它走掉了,這,就是 DARwin 四代, 你們會有機會在門廳再一次看到它的。 我們真的相信這會是美國第一個 能奔跑的人型機器人,所以拭目以待吧。 我已經展示一些我們工作上所製作的激動人心的機器人。
All right. So I showed you some of our exciting robots at work. So, what is the secret of our success? Where do we come up with these ideas? How do we develop these kinds of ideas? We have a fully autonomous vehicle that can drive into urban environments. We won a half a million dollars in the DARPA Urban Challenge. We also have the world's very first vehicle that can be driven by the blind. We call it the Blind Driver Challenge, very exciting. And many, many other robotics projects I want to talk about. These are just the awards that we won in 2007 fall from robotics competitions and those kinds of things.
那麼我們成功的秘密是什麽呢? 我們這些創意從哪兒來的呢? 我們是如何開發這些創意的呢? 我們有一輛全自動的車, 這車可以開到城市里。結果我們在 DARPA 城市挑戰賽中贏了 50 萬美金。 我們也研發了世界上首台 能被盲人駕駛的汽車。 我們叫這做盲人司機挑戰賽,非常好玩, 還有很多很多其它我想介紹的機器人計畫。 這些只是我們在 2007 年秋天贏得的獎項, 是機器人比賽之類的。
So really, we have five secrets. First is: Where do we get inspiration? Where do we get this spark of imagination? This is a true story, my personal story. At night, when I go to bed, at three, four in the morning, I lie down, close my eyes, and I see these lines and circles and different shapes floating around. And they assemble, and they form these kinds of mechanisms. And I think, "Ah, this is cool." So right next to my bed I keep a notebook, a journal, with a special pen that has an LED light on it, because I don't want to turn on the light and wake up my wife.
我們有五個秘訣。 首先是我們的啓發從哪兒來? 我們從哪兒得到靈機一動的瞬間? 這是一個真實的故事,我自己的故事。 當我晚上上床時,凌晨三、四點吧, 我躺在床上,閤上眼睛,我看到這些線條和圓圈, 還有其它的形狀一直在周圍浮動, 然後,它們組合起來,形成這樣的機械組件。 我覺得,「啊,這超酷的。」 我一般都在我床頭準備一本筆記本, 一個有著一支帶 LED 燈的筆在上面的筆記本, 因為我不想打開燈吵醒我妻子。
So I see this, scribble everything down, draw things, and go to bed. Every day in the morning, the first thing I do, before my first cup of coffee, before I brush my teeth, I open my notebook. Many times it's empty; sometimes I have something there. If something's there, sometimes it's junk. But most of the time, I can't read my handwriting. Four in the morning -- what do you expect, right? So I need to decipher what I wrote. But sometimes I see this ingenious idea in there, and I have this eureka moment. I directly run to my home office, sit at my computer, I type in the ideas, I sketch things out and I keep a database of ideas. So when we have these calls for proposals, I try to find a match between my potential ideas and the problem. If there's a match, we write a research proposal, get the research funding in, and that's how we start our research programs.
就這樣,我記下所有東西,畫好它, 再上床睡覺。 每天早晨 我做的第一件事,不是給自己倒杯咖啡, 不是刷牙,而是打開我的筆記本。 很多時候,它是空的, 有時候,有東西了,卻是垃圾, 更多時候,我不能看懂我自己寫的東西。 而且,凌晨四點,你還能要求什麽呢?對吧? 所以,我需要幫我所寫的東西解碼。 但是,有時候,我能看到一些絕妙的主意在這裡面, 於是,靈光一閃, 我直接跑到我家裡的辦公室,坐在我電腦旁, 把這些想法打進電腦,把它們理清楚, 我有個點子資料庫。 所以,當我們有提案的需求時, 我會嘗試在我的資料庫裡 找到匹配的可能想法 和問題,如果我們找到匹配的,我們會寫個研究提案, 找到研究資金,然後開始我們的研究項目。 但只有靈機一動時候的創意是不足夠的。
But just a spark of imagination is not good enough. How do we develop these kinds of ideas? At our lab RoMeLa, the Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory, we have these fantastic brainstorming sessions. So we gather around, we discuss problems and solutions and talk about it. But before we start, we set this golden rule. The rule is: nobody criticizes anybody's ideas. Nobody criticizes any opinion. This is important, because many times, students fear or feel uncomfortable about how others might think about their opinions and thoughts.
我們怎樣改進這些創意呢? 在我們的 RoMeLa,機器人機械實驗室, 我們有超棒的腦力激盪時間, 我們會聚在一起,討論有關問題 和社會問題,並分析它們。 在我們開始之前,我們定下了鐵則, 規則是: 不可以批評別人的想法、 不可以批評任何觀點、 這很重要,因為很多時候,學生們會因為在乎 別人對自己的觀點和思想的想法 而害怕或者感到不舒服
So once you do this, it is amazing how the students open up. They have these wacky, cool, crazy, brilliant ideas, and the whole room is just electrified with creative energy. And this is how we develop our ideas.
當我們實施了這措施以後,我們很驚訝地發現 學生們開始暢所欲言了。 他們有很多怪誕的,但是很酷很瘋狂的妙點子, 整個房間都被創意能量激發了, 這就是我們改進想法的方法。
Well, we're running out of time. One more thing I want to talk about is, you know, just a spark of idea and development is not good enough. There was a great TED moment -- I think it was Sir Ken Robinson, was it? He gave a talk about how education and school kill creativity. Well, actually, there's two sides to the story. So there is only so much one can do with just ingenious ideas and creativity and good engineering intuition. If you want to go beyond a tinkering, if you want to go beyond a hobby of robotics and really tackle the grand challenges of robotics through rigorous research, we need more than that. This is where school comes in.
我們的時間不多了,我還想說的一件事就是 你知道,只有瞬間的靈光一閃和改進是不夠的。 曾有一個很好的 TED 演講, 是 Ken Robinson 爵士,對吧? 他的演講是有關教育和學校 如何扼殺創意。 其實這個故事有兩面, 對於直率的想法、 創造力和好的工程直覺 一個人能做的就這麼點兒。 如果你不只想做個貪玩的孩子, 如果你不只想讓機器人成為你的興趣, 而是真的想在這方面通過進行精確的 研究來挑戰自我 我們需要更多,這才是學校的目的。 蝙蝠俠,和壞人鬥爭,
Batman, fighting against the bad guys, he has his utility belt, he has his grappling hook, he has all different kinds of gadgets. For us roboticists, engineers and scientists, these tools are the courses and classes you take in class. Math, differential equations. I have linear algebra, science, physics -- even, nowadays, chemistry and biology, as you've seen. These are all the tools we need. So the more tools you have, for Batman, more effective at fighting the bad guys, for us, more tools to attack these kinds of big problems. So education is very important.
他有實用的皮帶,有強大抓力的攀牆鉤, 有各種不同的小配件。 對於我們機器人學家,工程師和科學家, 這些工具就是你在課堂上學的課程, 數學、微分方程、 線性代數、科學、物理, 今天還有,化學和生物。 這些就是我們需要的工具。 對於蝙蝠俠來說,有更多的工具 對付壞人的時候會更有效, 對於我們,就是用更多的工具對付這些大難題。 所以教育十分重要。
Also -- it's not only about that. You also have to work really, really hard. So I always tell my students, "Work smart, then work hard." This picture in the back -- this is three in the morning. I guarantee if you come to our lab at 3, 4am, we have students working there, not because I tell them to, but because we are having too much fun. Which leads to the last topic: do not forget to have fun. That's really the secret of our success, we're having too much fun. I truly believe that highest productivity comes when you're having fun, and that's what we're doing. And there you go.
當然也不止這麼簡單, 最重要的,還是要努力學習。 我經常告訴我的學生 先求明智地工作,再認真地工作, 這後面的照片是在凌晨三點拍的。 我能保證如果你凌晨三、四點來我們實驗室, 還能看到有學生在那工作, 不是因為我叫他們這樣,而是他們覺得這樣很好玩。 這就把我們帶到最後一個話題, 不要忘記給自己點樂趣, 這是我們成功最重要的秘密,我們真的覺得很好玩, 我真的相信最高的效率來自於當你找到樂趣的時候。 這就是我們所做的成果。 謝謝。
Thank you so much.
(掌聲)
(Applause)