So the first robot to talk about is called STriDER. It stands for Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot. It's a robot that has three legs, which is inspired by nature. But have you seen anything in nature, an animal that has three legs? Probably not. So why do I call this a biologically inspired robot? How would it work? But before that, let's look at pop culture. So, you know H.G. Wells's "War of the Worlds," novel and movie. And what you see over here is a very popular video game, and in this fiction, they describe these alien creatures and robots that have three legs that terrorize Earth. But my robot, STriDER, does not move like this.
Dakle, prvi robot o kojem ću govoriti se zove STriDER. To je kratica za Samopobuđen Tronožni Dinamički Eksperimentalni Robot. To je robot koji ima tri noge, inspiriran prirodom. Ali jeste li vidjeli ikada u prirodi životinju koja ima tri noge ? Najvjerojatnije ne. Pa zašto ja to zovem biološki inspiriranim robotom? Kako radi? Ali prije toga, bacimo pogled na pop kulturu. Znate za novelu i film H.G. Wellsa Rat svjetova. I ovo što vidite je jako popularna video igra. U fikciji obično opisuju ove strane kreature kao robote koji imaju tri noge i teroriziraju Zemlju. Ali moj robot, STriDER se ne miče tako.
This is an actual dynamic simulation animation. I'm going to show you how the robot works. It flips its body 180 degrees and it swings its leg between the two legs and catches the fall. So that's how it walks. But when you look at us human beings, bipedal walking, what you're doing is, you're not really using muscle to lift your leg and walk like a robot. What you're doing is, you swing your leg and catch the fall, stand up again, swing your leg and catch the fall. You're using your built-in dynamics, the physics of your body, just like a pendulum. We call that the concept of passive dynamic locomotion. What you're doing is, when you stand up, potential energy to kinetic energy, potential energy to kinetic energy. It's a constantly falling process. So even though there is nothing in nature that looks like this, really, we're inspired by biology and applying the principles of walking to this robot. Thus, it's a biologically inspired robot.
I ovo je zapravo animacija dinamičke simulacije. Sad ću vam pokazati kako robot radi. Okreće svoje tijelo za 180 stupnjeva. Njiše svoju nogu između dvije noge kako bi prihvatio pad. I tako hoda. Ali kada pogledate nas ljude, dvonožno hodanje, ono što radite nije stvarno korištenje mišića kako bi digli svoju nogu i hodali poput robota. Točno? Ono što zapravo radite je da zamahnete nogom kako bi prihvatili pad, natrag se digli, zamahnuli nogom i prihvatili pad. Koristeći ugrađenu dinamiku, fiziku vašeg tijela, kao njihalo. Mi to zovemo koncept pasivno dinamičkog kretanja. Ono što radite, kada ustanete je pretvaranje, potencijalne energije u kinetičku, potencijalne energije u kinetičku. To je konstantan proces padanja. I tako, makar ništa u prirodi ne izgleda poput ovog, mi smo zapravo inspirirani biologijom i primjenjujemo principe hodanja u ovom robotu, pa je to biološki inspiriran robot. Ovo što vidite ovdje, je ono što bi željeli napraviti slijedeće.
What you see here, this is what we want to do next. We want to fold up the legs and shoot it up for long-range motion. And it deploys legs -- it looks almost like "Star Wars" -- so when it lands, it absorbs the shock and starts walking. What you see over here, this yellow thing, this is not a death ray.
Mi želimo svinuti noge i rastegnuti ih za veliki domet. I želimo sklopiti noge, otprilike kako izgleda u Ratovima zvijezda. Kada se spusti, absorbira šok i počne hodati. Ovo što vidite ovdje, ova žuta stvar, to nije zraka smrti. To je samo da pokažemo ako imate kamere
(Laughter)
This is just to show you that if you have cameras or different types of sensors, because it's 1.8 meters tall, you can see over obstacles like bushes and those kinds of things.
ili različite vrste senzora zato jer je visok, visok je 1,8 metara, može vidjeti preko prepreka poput grmlja i slično. Imamo dva prototipa.
So we have two prototypes. The first version, in the back, that's STriDER I. The one in front, the smaller, is STriDER II. The problem we had with STriDER I is, it was just too heavy in the body. We had so many motors aligning the joints and those kinds of things. So we decided to synthesize a mechanical mechanism so we could get rid of all the motors, and with a single motor, we can coordinate all the motions. It's a mechanical solution to a problem, instead of using mechatronics. So with this, now the top body is lighted up; it's walking in our lab. This was the very first successful step. It's still not perfected, its coffee falls down, so we still have a lot of work to do.
Prva verzija, u pozadini, to je STriDER I. Ova naprijed, manja, je STriDER II. Problem koji smo imali sa STriDERom I je da je imao preteško tijelo. Imamo toliko motora, znate, za pomicanje zglobova, i slično. Tako, odlučili smo sintetizirati mehanički mehanizam kako bi se mogli riješiti svih tih motora, i s jednim motorom možemo koordinirati sve pokrete. To je mehaničko riješenje problema, umjesto korištenja mehatronike. I tako, s ovim sad, tijelo je dosta lagano da može hodati u laboratoriju. Ovo je bio prvi uspješan korak. Još nije savršen. Kava mu ispada, i još imamo mnogo posla.
The second robot I want to talk about is called IMPASS. It stands for Intelligent Mobility Platform with Actuated Spoke System. It's a wheel-leg hybrid robot. So think of a rimless wheel or a spoke wheel, but the spokes individually move in and out of the hub; so, it's a wheel-leg hybrid. We're literally reinventing the wheel here. Let me demonstrate how it works. So in this video we're using an approach called the reactive approach. Just simply using the tactile sensors on the feet, it's trying to walk over a changing terrain, a soft terrain where it pushes down and changes. And just by the tactile information, it successfully crosses over these types of terrains.
Drugi robot o kojem želim pričati se zove IMPASS. To je kratica za Inteligentna Mobilna Platforma sa Sustavom Šipaka. I to je hibridni robot s kotačima i nogama. Pomislite na kotač bez okvira, ili kotač sa šiljcima. Ali se šiljci zasebno miču unutra i van. I tako, to je hibrid s kotačima i nogama. Doslovno smo ovdje ponovno izmislili kotač. Da vam demonstriram kako radi. Dakle, u ovom videu koristimo pristup kojeg zovemo reaktivni pristup. Samo jednostavno koristimo osjetilne senzore na nogama, pokušava hodati preko promjenjivog terena, mekog terena koji se savija i mijenja. I uz pomoć osjetilnih informacija uspješno prelazi preko ovih vrsta terena.
But, when it encounters a very extreme terrain -- in this case, this obstacle is more than three times the height of the robot -- then it switches to a deliberate mode, where it uses a laser range finder and camera systems to identify the obstacle and the size. And it carefully plans the motion of the spokes and coordinates it so it can show this very impressive mobility. You probably haven't seen anything like this out there. This is a very high-mobility robot that we developed called IMPASS. Ah, isn't that cool?
Ali kada naleti na vrlo ekstreman teren, u ovom slučaju, ova prepreka je više od tri puta visine samog robota, tada se prebaci u slobodan mod gdje koristi laserski tragač, i sustav kamera kako bi identificirao prepreku i veličinu, i planira, pažljivo planira kretanje šiljaka, i kordinira ih tako da može pokazati ovu vrlo vrlo impresivnu pokretljivost. Sigurno niste vidjeli ništa poput ovoga. Ovo je vrlo visoko mobilan robot kojeg smo razvili, i zove se IMPASS. Ah! Nije li to kul?
When you drive your car, when you steer your car, you use a method called Ackermann steering. The front wheels rotate like this. For most small-wheeled robots, they use a method called differential steering where the left and right wheel turn the opposite direction. For IMPASS, we can do many, many different types of motion. For example, in this case, even though the left and right wheels are connected with a single axle rotating at the same angle of velocity, we simply change the length of the spoke, it affects the diameter, then can turn to the left and to the right. These are just some examples of the neat things we can do with IMPASS.
Kada vozite svoj auto, kada upravljate autom, koristite metodu zvanu Ackermannovo upravljanje. Prednji kotači se ovako rotiraju. Za većinu robota s malim kotačima koriste metodu zvanu diferencijalno upravljanje gdje se lijevi i desni kotač okreću u suprotne smjerove. Za IMPASS možemo napraviti mnogo različitih tipova kretanja. Na primjer, u ovom slučaju, čak iako su lijevi i desni kotač povezani s jednom osovinom, rotiranje s istim kutom brzine. Samo jednostavno produžimo duljinu šiljka. Utječe na promjer, i tada okreće lijevo, okreće desno. I, to su samo neki primjeri zgodnih stvari koje možemo raditi s IMPASS-om.
This robot is called CLIMBeR: Cable-suspended Limbed Intelligent Matching Behavior Robot. I've been talking to a lot of NASA JPL scientists -- at JPL, they are famous for the Mars rovers -- and the scientists, geologists always tell me that the real interesting science, the science-rich sites, are always at the cliffs. But the current rovers cannot get there. So, inspired by that, we wanted to build a robot that can climb a structured cliff environment.
Ovaj robot se zove CLIMBeR, Inteligentan robot s udovima povezan kabelom. I tako, razgovarao sam s dosta NASA JPL znanstvenicima, u JPL-u su poznati po Mars roverima. I znanstvenici, geolozi mi uvijek govore da je prava zanimljiva znanost, da su znanstveno značajna nalazišta uvijek na uzvisinama. Ali trenutni roveri ne mogu doći do tamo. Inspirirani time željeli smo napraviti robota koji se može penjati po strukturiranom brdovitom okolišu.
So this is CLIMBeR. It has three legs. It's probably difficult to see, but it has a winch and a cable at the top. It tries to figure out the best place to put its foot. And then once it figures that out, in real time, it calculates the force distribution: how much force it needs to exert to the surface so it doesn't tip and doesn't slip. Once it stabilizes that, it lifts a foot, and then with the winch, it can climb up these kinds of cliffs. Also for search and rescue applications as well.
I tako, to je CLIMBeR. Ono što radi, ima tri noge. Teško je za vidjeti, ali je povezan kabelom na vrhu. I pokušava razaznati koje je najbolje mjesto da stavi svoju nogu. I kada jednom to shvati u stvarnom vremenu izračuna distribuciju sila. Koliko je sile potrebno da se digne s površine a da se ne posklizne i ne pade. Jednom kad stabilizira to da diže nogu, i tada se uz pomoć klatna može popesti po takvim stvarima. Također za primjenu kod potraga i spašavanja.
Five years ago, I actually worked at NASA JPL during the summer as a faculty fellow. And they already had a six-legged robot called LEMUR. So this is actually based on that. This robot is called MARS: Multi-Appendage Robotic System. It's a hexapod robot. We developed our adaptive gait planner. We actually have a very interesting payload on there. The students like to have fun. And here you can see that it's walking over unstructured terrain.
Prije pet godina sam zapravo i radio za NASA JPL preko ljeta kao stažist. I oni su već imali šestero nožnog robota pod imenom LEMUR. I, ovo je zapravo bazirano na tome. Ovaj robot se zove MARS, Robotski sustav sa više udova. To je zapravo šestero nožni robot. Razvili smo naš planer adaptacije. I zapravo imamo vrlo zanimljiv teret ovdje. Studenti se vole zabavljati. I ovdje možete vidjeti da hoda preko nestrukturiranog terena. Pokušava hodati po neravnom terenu,
(Motor sound)
It's trying to walk on the coastal terrain, a sandy area, but depending on the moisture content or the grain size of the sand, the foot's soil sinkage model changes, so it tries to adapt its gait to successfully cross over these kind of things. It also does some fun stuff. As you can imagine, we get so many visitors visiting our lab. So when the visitors come, MARS walks up to the computer, starts typing, "Hello, my name is MARS. Welcome to RoMeLa, the Robotics Mechanisms Laboratory at Virginia Tech."
pješćanom području, ali ovisno o vlagi i veličini zrna pjeska model propadanja noga se mijenja. I, tako se pokušava prilagoditi da uspješno prođe preko takvih stvari. I također, radi neke zabavne stvari, kao što možete zamisliti. Dolaze nam mnogi posjetitelji u naš labaratorij. I kada posjetitelji dođu, MARS hoda do računala, i počne tipkati "Zdravo, moje ime je MARS" Dobrodošli u RoMeLu, Laboratorij robotskih mehanizama na sveučilištu Virgina Tech.
(Laughter)
Ovaj robot je ameba robot.
This robot is an amoeba robot. Now, we don't have enough time to go into technical details, I'll just show you some of the experiments. These are some of the early feasibility experiments. We store potential energy to the elastic skin to make it move, or use active tension cords to make it move forward and backward. It's called ChIMERA. We also have been working with some scientists and engineers from UPenn to come up with a chemically actuated version of this amoeba robot. We do something to something, and just like magic, it moves. "The Blob."
Sada, nemamo dosta vremena za ulaženje u tehničke detalje, pokazati ću vam samo neke od eksperimenata. I tako, ovo su neki od ranih izvedivih eksperimenata. Spremamo potencijalnu energiju u elastičnu kožu kako bi se pomicala. Ili koristimo aktivne napete žice kako bi ih pomicali naprijed i natrag. Zove se ChIMERA. Također smo radili s nekim znanstvenicima i inžinjerima iz UPenna kako bi došli do kemijski usavršene verzije ovog ameba robota. Pretvaramo nešto u nešto. I to je poput magije, kreće se. Grudica.
This robot is a very recent project. It's called RAPHaEL: Robotic Air-Powered Hand with Elastic Ligaments. There are a lot of really neat, very good robotic hands out there on the market. The problem is, they're just too expensive -- tens of thousands of dollars. So for prosthesis applications it's probably not too practical, because it's not affordable. We wanted to tackle this problem in a very different direction. Instead of using electrical motors, electromechanical actuators, we're using compressed air. We developed these novel actuators for the joints, so it's compliant. You can actually change the force, simply just changing the air pressure. And it can actually crush an empty soda can. It can pick up very delicate objects like a raw egg, or in this case, a lightbulb. The best part: it took only 200 dollars to make the first prototype.
Ovaj robot je vrlo nedavni projekt. Zove se RAPHaEL. Robotska zračno pogonjena ruka s elastičnim ligamentima. Postoji mnogo zgodnih, vrlo dobrih robotskih ruka na tržištu. Problem je u tome da su previše skupe, u desecima tisućama dolara. Tako da primjena za prostetiku nije previše praktična, zato jer nije dostupna. Željeli smo se primiti tog problema sa sasvim drugačijeg smjera. Umjesto korištenja električnih motora, elektromehaničkih pokretača, koristimo komprimirani zrak. Uveli smo ove novitetne pokretače za zglobove. Usuglašen je. Možete zapravo mijenjati silu, jednostavno samo promjenom tlaka zraka. I zapravo može smrskati praznu limenku od soka. Može podići vrlo delikatne objekte poput sirovog jaja, ili u ovom slučaju, sijalice. Najbolja stvar je da je koštalo samo oko 200 dolara da se izradi prvi prototip.
This robot is actually a family of snake robots that we call HyDRAS, Hyper Degrees-of-freedom Robotic Articulated Serpentine. This is a robot that can climb structures. This is a HyDRAS's arm. It's a 12-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm. But the cool part is the user interface. The cable over there, that's an optical fiber. This student, it's probably her first time using it, but she can articulate it in many different ways. So, for example, in Iraq, the war zone, there are roadside bombs. Currently, you send these remotely controlled vehicles that are armed. It takes really a lot of time and it's expensive to train the operator to operate this complex arm. In this case, it's very intuitive; this student, probably his first time using it, is doing very complex manipulation tasks, picking up objects and doing manipulation, just like that. Very intuitive.
Ovaj robot je zapravo pripadnik obitelji zmijolikih robota koje zovemo HyDRAS, Robotski artikulirani gmaz s više stupnjeva slobode. Ovo je robot koji se može penjati po strukturama. Ovo je ruka HyDRAS-e. To je robotska ruka s 12 stupnjeva slobode. Ali cool dio je korisničko sučelje. Ovaj kabel, to je optičko vlakno. I ova studentica, koja ga najvjerojatnije koristi prvi put, može upravljati u mnogo različitih smjerova. I, na primjer u Iraku, znate, u ratnoj zoni, postoje bombe kraj ceste. Trenutno šaljemo ovo opremljeno daljinski upravljano vozilo. Treba mnogo vremena i skupo je naučiti operatera da upravlja ovom kompleksnom rukom. U ovom slučaju sučelje je vrlo intuitivno. Ovaj student, koji ga najvjerojatnije prvi put koristi, radi vrlo kompleksne manipulacije, podiže predmete, i manipulira, samo tako, vrlo intuitivno.
Now, this robot is currently our star robot. We actually have a fan club for the robot, DARwIn: Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence. As you know, we're very interested in human walking, so we decided to build a small humanoid robot. This was in 2004; at that time, this was something really, really revolutionary. This was more of a feasibility study: What kind of motors should we use? Is it even possible? What kinds of controls should we do? This does not have any sensors, so it's an open-loop control. For those who probably know, if you don't have any sensors and there's any disturbances, you know what happens.
I sada, ovaj robot je naša zvijezda. Zapravo imamo klub obožavatelja robota pod imenom DARwIn, Dinamčki Antropomorfički Robot s Inteligencijom. I kako dobro znate mi smo zainteresirani za humanoidne robote, ljudski hod, i tako smo odlučili izgraditi malog humanoidnog robota. To je bilo 2004., u to vrijeme to je bilo nešto stvarno, stvarno revolucionarno. To je bila više studija izvedivosti, koje motore da koristimo? Je li uopće moguće? Kakve kontrole bi trebali napraviti? I, ovo nema nikakvih senzora. U otvorenoj kontroli petlje je. I za one koji najvjerojatnije znaju, ako nemate nikakvih senzora i postoji smetnja, znate što se dešava.
(Laughter)
(smijeh)
Based on that success, the following year we did the proper mechanical design, starting from kinematics. And thus, DARwIn I was born in 2005. It stands up, it walks -- very impressive. However, still, as you can see, it has a cord, an umbilical cord. So we're still using an external power source and external computation.
I, tako temeljeno na tom uspjehu, slijedeće godine smo napravili pravi mehanički dizajn počevši od kinetike. I tako, DARwIn je bio rođen 2005. Ustaje. Hoda, vrlo impresivno. Ipak, još, kao što možete vidjeti, ima žicu, pupčanu vrpcu. I, mi još koristimo vanjski izvor napajanja, i vanjske proračune.
So in 2006, now it's really time to have fun. Let's give it intelligence. We give it all the computing power it needs: a 1.5 gigahertz Pentium M chip, two FireWire cameras, rate gyros, accelerometers, four forced sensors on the foot, lithium polymer batteries -- and now DARwIn II is completely autonomous. It is not remote controlled. There's no tethers. It looks around, searches for the ball ... looks around, searches for the ball, and it tries to play a game of soccer autonomously -- artificial intelligence. Let's see how it does. This was our very first trial, and ...
I, 2006., sad je stvarno vrijeme za zabavu. Dajmo mu inteligenciju. Dajemo mu računalnu snagu koju treba, 1,5 gigahercni Pentium M čip, dvije Firewire kamere, osam žiroskopa, akcelerometar, četiri senzora pritiska na nogama, litijske baterije. I sada DARwIn II je u potpunosti autonoman. Daljinski je upravljan. Nije povezan. Gleda okolo, traži loptu, gleda okolo, traži loptu, i pokušava odigrati partiju nogometa, autonomno, umjetna inteligencija. Da vidimo kako to radi. Ovo je naš prvi pokušaj, i... Video: Gol!
(Video) Spectators: Goal!
Dennis Hong: There is actually a competition called RoboCup. I don't know how many of you have heard about RoboCup. It's an international autonomous robot soccer competition. And the actual goal of RoboCup is, by the year 2050, we want to have full-size, autonomous humanoid robots play soccer against the human World Cup champions and win.
I, tako zapravo postoji natjecanje pod imenom RoboCup. Znam da su mnogi od vas čuli za RoboCup. To je internacionalno nogomentno natjecanje autonomnih robota. I cilj RoboCupa, pravi cilj je, do 2050. godine želimo imati autuonomnog humanoidnog robota prave veličine koji bi igrao protiv ljudskih prvaka Svjetskog prvenstva i pobjedio.
(Laughter)
To je stvarni cilj. To je vrlo ambiciozan cilj,
It's a true, actual goal. It's a very ambitious goal, but we truly believe we can do it.
ali stvarno vjerujemo da to možemo napraviti.
This is last year in China. We were the very first team in the United States that qualified in the humanoid RoboCup competition. This is this year in Austria. You're going to see the action is three against three, completely autonomous.
I tako, ovo je prošle godine u Kini. Bili smo prvi tim iz Sjedinjenih država koji se kvalificirao u natjecanju humanoidnih robota. Ove godine, ovo je bilo u Austriji. Vidjet ćete akcije, tri protiv tri, u potpunosti autonomni.
(Video) (Crowd groans)
Evo vidite. Da!
DH: There you go. Yes! The robots track and they team-play amongst themselves. It's very impressive. It's really a research event, packaged in a more exciting competition event. What you see here is the beautiful Louis Vuitton Cup trophy. This is for the best humanoid. We'd like to bring this, for the first time, to the United States next year, so wish us luck.
Roboti prate i igraju, tim međusobno dodaje. To je vrlo impresivno. To je stvarno istraživački događaj upakiran u uzbudljiv natjecateljski događaj. Ovo što vidite ovdje, ovo je prekrasan trofej Kupa Louisa Vuittona. I, ovo je za najboljeg humanoida, i voljeli bi ovo dovesti po prvi put u Sjedinjene države, slijedeće godine, zaželite nam sreću.
(Applause)
Hvala vam.
Thank you.
(Pljesak)
(Applause)
DARwIn također ima i mnogo drugih talenata.
DARwIn also has a lot of other talents. Last year, it actually conducted the Roanoke Symphony Orchestra for the holiday concert. This is the next generation robot, DARwIn IV, much smarter, faster, stronger. And it's trying to show off its ability: "I'm macho, I'm strong."
Prošle godine je zapravo dirigirao Roanoke simfonijskim orkestrom za blagdanski koncert. Ovo je robot nove generacije, DARwIn IV, ali pametniji, brži, jači. I pokušava pokazati svoje sposobnosti. "Ja sam mačo, ja sam jak."
(Laughter)
Može raditi i neke pokrete u stilu Jackie Chanovih
"I can also do some Jackie Chan-motion, martial art movements."
borilačkih pokreta.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And it walks away. So this is DARwIn IV. Again, you'll be able to see it in the lobby. We truly believe this will be the very first running humanoid robot in the United States. So stay tuned.
I odlazi. Dakle, ovo je DARwIn IV, opet, možete ga vidjeti u predvorju. Mi stvarno vjerujemo da će ovo biti prvo natjecanje, humanoidnih robota u Sjedinjenim državama. Pratite nas. Dobro, pokazao sam vam nekoliko naših uzbudljivih robota na djelu.
All right. So I showed you some of our exciting robots at work. So, what is the secret of our success? Where do we come up with these ideas? How do we develop these kinds of ideas? We have a fully autonomous vehicle that can drive into urban environments. We won a half a million dollars in the DARPA Urban Challenge. We also have the world's very first vehicle that can be driven by the blind. We call it the Blind Driver Challenge, very exciting. And many, many other robotics projects I want to talk about. These are just the awards that we won in 2007 fall from robotics competitions and those kinds of things.
Dakle, što je tajna našeg uspjeha? Kako dolazimo do takvih ideja? Kako razvijamo takve ideje? Imamo u potpunosti autonomno vozilo koje se može voziti u urbanom okruženju. Osvojili smo pola milijuna dolara u DARPA-inom Urbanom Izazovu. Mi također imamo prvo svjetsko vozilo koje mogu voziti slijepi. Zovemo ih izazov za slijepe vozače, vrlo uzbudljivo, i mnogo drugih projekata robotike o kojima vam želim pričati. Ovo su samo nagrade koje smo osvojili na jesen 2007. godine na robotskim natjecanjima i sličnim događajima.
So really, we have five secrets. First is: Where do we get inspiration? Where do we get this spark of imagination? This is a true story, my personal story. At night, when I go to bed, at three, four in the morning, I lie down, close my eyes, and I see these lines and circles and different shapes floating around. And they assemble, and they form these kinds of mechanisms. And I think, "Ah, this is cool." So right next to my bed I keep a notebook, a journal, with a special pen that has an LED light on it, because I don't want to turn on the light and wake up my wife.
I, mi stvarno imamo pet tajni. Prvo je gdje dobivamo inspiraciju, gdje dobivamo tu iskru imaginacije? Ovo je istinita priča, moja osobna priča. Kada idem u krevet, 3 ili 4 ujutro, legnem, zatvorim oči, i onda vidim ove linije i kružnice i različite oblike koji lete okolo, i onda se spoje i formiraju ovakve mehanizme. I onda pomislim, "Ah, ovo je kul." I, pokraj kreveta držim notes, dnevnik, sa specijalnom olovkom koja ima svijetlo na sebi, LED svijetlo, zato jer ne želim paliti svjetlo i probuditi ženu.
So I see this, scribble everything down, draw things, and go to bed. Every day in the morning, the first thing I do, before my first cup of coffee, before I brush my teeth, I open my notebook. Many times it's empty; sometimes I have something there. If something's there, sometimes it's junk. But most of the time, I can't read my handwriting. Four in the morning -- what do you expect, right? So I need to decipher what I wrote. But sometimes I see this ingenious idea in there, and I have this eureka moment. I directly run to my home office, sit at my computer, I type in the ideas, I sketch things out and I keep a database of ideas. So when we have these calls for proposals, I try to find a match between my potential ideas and the problem. If there's a match, we write a research proposal, get the research funding in, and that's how we start our research programs.
Tako, vidite ovo, zapišem sve, nacrtam stvari, i odem u krevet. Svaki dan ujutro, prva stvar koju napravim prije prve šalice kave, prije nego što operem zube, otvorim svoj notes. Mnogo puta je prazan, nekad imam nešto što je smeće, ali većinu vremena ne mogu niti čitati svoj rukopis. Ipak, 4 ujutro, što možete očekivati? Dakle, trebam dešifrirati što sam napisao. Ali ponekad vidim odličnu ideju, i imam taj eureka trenutak. Direktno otrčim do svog ureda u kući, sjedem za računalo, utipkam ideje, skiciram stvari, i sačuvam bazu ideja. I tako, dok imamo pozive za zahtjeve pokušavam naći poveznicu između mojih potencijalnih ideja i problema, ako postoji veza, pišemo istraživački zahtjev, tražimo finaciranje istraživanja, i tako započinjemo naše istraživačke programe. Ali samo iskra imaginacije nije dovoljna.
But just a spark of imagination is not good enough. How do we develop these kinds of ideas? At our lab RoMeLa, the Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory, we have these fantastic brainstorming sessions. So we gather around, we discuss problems and solutions and talk about it. But before we start, we set this golden rule. The rule is: nobody criticizes anybody's ideas. Nobody criticizes any opinion. This is important, because many times, students fear or feel uncomfortable about how others might think about their opinions and thoughts.
Kako razvijamo takve ideje? U našem laboratoriju RoMeLa, laboratoriju robotskih mehanizama, imamo fantastične seanse brainstorminga. Dakle, svi se okupimo, i diskutiramo o problemima i socijalnim problemima i pričamo o tome. Ali prije nego što počnemo postavimo ovo zlatno pravilo. Pravilo je: Nitko ne kritizira ničiju ideju. Nitko ne kritizira ničije mišljenje. To je važno, jer se mnogo puta, studenti, oni se boje ili se osjećaju nelagodno u vezi onoga što bi drugi mislili o njihovim stavovima i mislima.
So once you do this, it is amazing how the students open up. They have these wacky, cool, crazy, brilliant ideas, and the whole room is just electrified with creative energy. And this is how we develop our ideas.
I, jednom dok se to napravi, nevjerojatno je kako se studenti otvore. Imaju lude kul brilijantne ideje, cijela soba je jednostavno elektrificirana s kreativnom energijom. I to je način na koji razvijamo svoje ideje.
Well, we're running out of time. One more thing I want to talk about is, you know, just a spark of idea and development is not good enough. There was a great TED moment -- I think it was Sir Ken Robinson, was it? He gave a talk about how education and school kill creativity. Well, actually, there's two sides to the story. So there is only so much one can do with just ingenious ideas and creativity and good engineering intuition. If you want to go beyond a tinkering, if you want to go beyond a hobby of robotics and really tackle the grand challenges of robotics through rigorous research, we need more than that. This is where school comes in.
Dobro, vrijeme nam prolazi, samo još jedna stvar o kojoj vam želim govoriti je znate, samo iskra ideje i razvoja nije dovoljna. To je bio odličan TED trenutak, mislim da je to bio Sir Ken Robinson, zar ne? On je govorio kako obrazovanje i škola ubijaju kreativnost. Zapravo, tu su dvije strane priče. Dakle, ograničeno je ono što jedna osoba može napraviti s odličnom idejom i kreativnošću i dobrom inžinjerskom intuicijom. Ako želite ići dalje od razmišljanja, ako želite ići dalje od hobija robotike i stvarno se suočiti s velikim izazovima robotike kroz rigorozno istraživanje mi trebamo više od toga. To je gdje škole dolaze. Batman, kad se bori protiv zločinaca,
Batman, fighting against the bad guys, he has his utility belt, he has his grappling hook, he has all different kinds of gadgets. For us roboticists, engineers and scientists, these tools are the courses and classes you take in class. Math, differential equations. I have linear algebra, science, physics -- even, nowadays, chemistry and biology, as you've seen. These are all the tools we need. So the more tools you have, for Batman, more effective at fighting the bad guys, for us, more tools to attack these kinds of big problems. So education is very important.
ima svoj remen sa stvarima, ima kuku za primanje, i različite vrste gadgeta. Za nas, robotičare, inžinjere i znanstvenike, ti alati, to su sve tečajevi i predavanja koja se uče u razredu. Matematika, diferencijalne jednadžbe. Imamo linearnu algebru, znanost, fiziku, i danas, kemiju i biologiju, kao što ste vidjeli. To su sve alati koje trebamo. Tako, što više alata imate, za Batmana je efikasnija borba protiv zločina, za nas, više alata za napad na velike probleme. I tako, obrazovanje je vrlo važno.
Also -- it's not only about that. You also have to work really, really hard. So I always tell my students, "Work smart, then work hard." This picture in the back -- this is three in the morning. I guarantee if you come to our lab at 3, 4am, we have students working there, not because I tell them to, but because we are having too much fun. Which leads to the last topic: do not forget to have fun. That's really the secret of our success, we're having too much fun. I truly believe that highest productivity comes when you're having fun, and that's what we're doing. And there you go.
Također, nije o tome, nije samo o tome, važno je vrlo vrlo mnogo raditi. I, uvijek govorim svojim studentima, radite pametno, a onda radite teško. Ova slika u pozadini je u 3 ujutro. Garantiram ako dođete u laboratorij u 3, 4 ujutro tamo će biti studenti koji će raditi, ne zato jer im tako velim, nego zato jer se vrlo dobro zabavljaju. I to vodi do posljednje teme. Ne zaboravite se zabavljati. To je stvarno tajna našeg uspjeha. Previše nam je zabavno. Stvarno vjerujem da najveća produktivnost dolazi kada se zabavljate. I to je ono što radimo. Evo. Puno vam hvala.
Thank you so much.
(Pljesak)
(Applause)