Mnogi vjeruju da je vožnja aktivnost koja je samo rezervisana za one koji vide. Sigurna i nezavisna vožnja slijepe osobe smatrala se nemogućim zadatkom, sve do sada. Zdravo, moje ime je Dennis Hong, i mi vam donosimo slobodnu i nezavisnost slijepima praveći vozilo za osobe sa oštećenim vidom.
Many believe driving is an activity solely reserved for those who can see. A blind person driving a vehicle safely and independently was thought to be an impossible task, until now. Hello, my name is Dennis Hong, and we're bringing freedom and independence to the blind by building a vehicle for the visually impaired.
Prije nego počnem pričati o ovom autu za slijepe, dopustite mi da vam kratko predstavim drugi projekat na kojem sam radio nazvan DARPA Urbani Izazov. Ovaj projekat je izgranja robotičkog auta koji vozi samostalno. Pritisnete start, niko ne dodiruje ništa više, a auto će samostalno doći do destinacije. Tako u 2007., naš tim je osvojio pola miliona dolara nagrade za treće mjesto u ovome takmičenju. Tako u tom vremenu, Nacionalna Federacija slijepih, ili NFS, izazvala je istraživački komitet pitanjem ko može da razvije auto koji bi dopustio slijepim osobama da ga voze potpuno sigurno i samostalno. Odlučili smo da pokušamo, jer smo mislili, hej, koliko to može biti teško. Već smo napravili samovozeće auto. Samo stavimo slijepu osobu iza volana takvog auta, i gotovi smo, zar ne? (Smijeh) Nismo mogli više pogriješiti. Ono što je NFS željela nije auto koje će voziti slijepu osobu okolo, već auto koje će učiniti vožnju slijepoj osobi akvinom odlukom i radnjom. Morali smo sve da bacimo kroz prozor i počnemo iz početka.
So before I talk about this car for the blind, let me briefly tell you about another project that I worked on called the DARPA Urban Challenge. Now this was about building a robotic car that can drive itself. You press start, nobody touches anything, and it can reach its destination fully autonomously. So in 2007, our team won half a million dollars by placing third place in this competition. So about that time, the National Federation of the Blind, or NFB, challenged the research committee about who can develop a car that lets a blind person drive safely and independently. We decided to give it a try, because we thought, "Hey, how hard could it be?" We have already an autonomous vehicle. We just put a blind person in it and we're done, right? (Laughter) We couldn't have been more wrong. What NFB wanted was not a vehicle that can drive a blind person around, but a vehicle where a blind person can make active decisions and drive. So we had to throw everything out the window and start from scratch.
Da bismo ispitali ovu ludu ideju, razvili smo mali bagi za pješčane dine, kao prototip vozila da bismo ispitali izvodivost. U ljeto 2009., pozvali smo desetine slijepih mladih osoba iz cijele države te im dali šansu da se provozaju. Bilo je zaista izvanredno iskustvo. Ali problem je bio taj da je auto bilo napravljeno da se vozi u jako kontrolisanim uslovima, na ravnom zatvorenom parkingu -- čak su i linije bile napravljene od crvenih saobraćajnih čunjeva.
So to test this crazy idea, we developed a small dune buggy prototype vehicle to test the feasibility. And in the summer of 2009, we invited dozens of blind youth from all over the country and gave them a chance to take it for a spin. It was an absolutely amazing experience. But the problem with this car was it was designed to only be driven in a very controlled environment, in a flat, closed-off parking lot -- even the lanes defined by red traffic cones.
Sa ovim uspjehom, odlučili smo da napravimo veliki pomak naprijed, i da razvijemo pravi auto koji će se moći voziti na pravim putevima. Kako to radi? Zapravo, sistem je jako komplikovan, ali dopustite mi da vam pokušam objasniti, i pojednostavniti. Imamo tri koraka. Imamo percepciju, proračun i ne-vizuelno povezivanje. Očigledno vozač ne može vidjeti, tako da sistem mora percipirati okolinu i prikupiti informacije za vozača. Za to, koristimo početnu jedinicu mjere. Ona mjeri ubrzanje, kutno ubrzanje poput ljudskog uha, unutrašnjeg uha. Tu informaciju pošaljemo u GPS jedinicu da dobijemo procjenu lokacije auta. Također koristimo dvije kamere da otkrijemo linije puta. A također koristimo tri lasera za pronalazak. Ovi laseri skeniraju okolinu da otkriju prepreke -- auto koje se približava sa prednje strane, sa zadnje strane, a također i bilo koje druge prepreke koje se mogu naći na putu, bilo koje prepreke oko auta.
So with this success, we decided to take the next big step, to develop a real car that can be driven on real roads. So how does it work? Well, it's a rather complex system, but let me try to explain it, maybe simplify it. So we have three steps. We have perception, computation and non-visual interfaces. Now obviously the driver cannot see, so the system needs to perceive the environment and gather information for the driver. For that, we use an initial measurement unit. So it measures acceleration, angular acceleration -- like a human ear, inner ear. We fuse that information with a GPS unit to get an estimate of the location of the car. We also use two cameras to detect the lanes of the road. And we also use three laser range finders. The lasers scan the environment to detect obstacles -- a car approaching from the front, the back and also any obstacles that run into the roads, any obstacles around the vehicle.
Ova velika količina podataka se šalje u kompjuter, a kompjuter može da učini dvije stvari. Jedna je, prije svega, da procesira ove informacije da bi se dobila slika okoline -- ovo čine linije puta, bilo koje prepreke -- te prenosi ove informacije vozaču. Sistem je dovoljno pametan da procjeni najsigurniji način upravljanja autom. Također stvaramo instrukcije o tome kako da se upravlja kontrolama vozila. Ali problem je ovo: kako da prenesemo ove informacije i instrukcije osobi koja ne vidi dovoljno brzo i tačno da zaista može voziti auto? Kao rješenje ovoga, razvili smo različite tipove ne-vizuelne tehnologije povezivanja. Počevši od tridimenzionalnog sistema zvučnih signala, vibracijskog prsluka, volana sa zvukovima i glasovnim komandama, nožnim navlakama, pa čak i cipele koja vrši pritisak na stopalo. Ali danas ćemo razgovarati o tri tehnologije ne-vizuelnog povezivanja.
So all this vast amount of information is then fed into the computer, and the computer can do two things. One is, first of all, process this information to have an understanding of the environment -- these are the lanes of the road, there's the obstacles -- and convey this information to the driver. The system is also smart enough to figure out the safest way to operate the car. So we can also generate instructions on how to operate the controls of the vehicle. But the problem is this: How do we convey this information and instructions to a person who cannot see fast enough and accurate enough so he can drive? So for this, we developed many different types of non-visual user interface technology. So starting from a three-dimensional ping sound system, a vibrating vest, a click wheel with voice commands, a leg strip, even a shoe that applies pressure to the foot. But today we're going to talk about three of these non-visual user interfaces.
Prvi se zove DriveGrip. Tako da postoje rukavice, koje imaju ugrađene vibracijske elemente na gornjoj strani, da biste dobili informacije o tome kako da okrećemo volan -- pravac i intenzitet. Drugi uređaj se naziva SpeedStrip. Ovo je stolica -- u stvari, to je stolica za masažu. Otvorili smo je, i preraspodjelili vibracijski sistem na drugačiji način. I podesili smo ih da prenose informacije o brzini, a ujedno i instrukcije kako da se koriste gas i kočnica. Dakle, ovdje možete vidjeti kako kompjuter razumije okolinu. I pošto ne možete vidjeti vibraciju, stavili smo crveno LED svjetlo na mjesto vozača, da može vidjeti šta se dešava. Ovo su osjetilni podaci, koji su preneseni do ovih uređaja kroz kompjuter.
Now the first interface is called a DriveGrip. So these are a pair of gloves, and it has vibrating elements on the knuckle part so you can convey instructions about how to steer -- the direction and the intensity. Another device is called SpeedStrip. So this is a chair -- as a matter of fact, it's actually a massage chair. We gut it out, and we rearrange the vibrating elements in different patterns, and we actuate them to convey information about the speed, and also instructions how to use the gas and the brake pedal. So over here, you can see how the computer understands the environment, and because you cannot see the vibration, we actually put red LED's on the driver so that you can see what's happening. This is the sensory data, and that data is transferred to the devices through the computer.
Ovo su ta dva uređaja, DriveGrip i SpeedStrip, vrlo su učinkovita. Ali problem je ovo su uređaji koji daju instrukcije. Nema prave slobode, zar ne? Kompjuter kaže kako da voziš -- skreni lijevo, skreni desno, ubrzaj, zaustavi se. Ovo nazivamo problemom vozača sa zadnjeg sjedišta. Ostavljamo ove uređaje koji daju instrukcije, te se više fokusiramo na uređaje za informacije. Dobar primjer ovih ne-vizuelnih tehnologija povezivanja se naziva AirPix. Zamislite ga kao monitor za slijepe. Mala tabla, sa puno rupa, iz kojih kompresovani zrak izlazi, tako da može stvarati slike. Tako da, iako ste slijepi, možete staviti ruku iznad, i vidjeti obrise linija puta i prepreke. Ustvari, možete promjeniti i frekvenciju zraka koji izlazi a moguće i temperaturu. Dakle to je višedimenzionalni uređaj. Ovdje vidite lijevu kameru, desnu kameru vozila i kako kompjuter tumači podatke i šalje informacije u AirPix. Za ovo, pokazujemo simulator, slijepa osoba koja koristi AirPix. Ovaj simulator je također bio jako koristan za trening slijepih vozača i također brzo testira različite ideje za različite ne-vizualne uređaje. Ovako to funkcioniše.
So these two devices, DriveGrip and SpeedStrip, are very effective. But the problem is these are instructional cue devices. So this is not really freedom, right? The computer tells you how to drive -- turn left, turn right, speed up, stop. We call this the "backseat-driver problem." So we're moving away from the instructional cue devices, and we're now focusing more on the informational devices. A good example for this informational non-visual user interface is called AirPix. So think of it as a monitor for the blind. So it's a small tablet, has many holes in it, and compressed air comes out, so it can actually draw images. So even though you are blind, you can put your hand over it, you can see the lanes of the road and obstacles. Actually, you can also change the frequency of the air coming out and possibly the temperature. So it's actually a multi-dimensional user interface. So here you can see the left camera, the right camera from the vehicle and how the computer interprets that and sends that information to the AirPix. For this, we're showing a simulator, a blind person driving using the AirPix. This simulator was also very useful for training the blind drivers and also quickly testing different types of ideas for different types of non-visual user interfaces. So basically that's how it works.
Prije mjesec dana 29tog januara otkrili smo ovaj auto publici po prvi put na svjetski poznatoj Daytona International brzoj cesti tokom Rolex 24 utrke. Također smo imali nekoliko iznenađenja. Pogledajte.
So just a month ago, on January 29th, we unveiled this vehicle for the very first time to the public at the world-famous Daytona International Speedway during the Rolex 24 racing event. We also had some surprises. Let's take a look.
(Muzika)
(Music)
(Video) Najavljivač: Ovo je historijski dan [nejasno]. Dolazi do gledališta, kolega Federistas.
(Video) Announcer: This is an historic day in January. He's coming up to the grandstand, fellow Federationists.
(Navijanje)
(Cheering)
(Trube)
(Honking)
Evo ga kod gledališta. I on [nejasno] prati ovaj kombi koji je ispred njega. Evo prve prepreke. Da vidimo kako će je Mark izbjeći. Izbjegao je. Prošao je sa desna. Treća kutija je zaobiđena. Četvrta također. Savršeno ide između ove dvije. Približava se kombiju da ga zaobiđe. Ovo je ono o čemu je riječ, ovaj tip dinamičkog prikaza odvažnosti i genijalnosti. Približava se kraju utrke, nalazi put između bačvi koje su ovdje postavljene.
There's the grandstand now. And he's [unclear] following that van that's out in front of him. Well there comes the first box. Now let's see if Mark avoids it. He does. He passes it on the right. Third box is out. The fourth box is out. And he's perfectly making his way between the two. He's closing in on the van to make the moving pass. Well this is what it's all about, this kind of dynamic display of audacity and ingenuity. He's approaching the end of the run, makes his way between the barrels that are set up there.
(Trube)
(Honking)
(Aplauz)
(Applause)
Dennis Hong: Sretan sam za vas. Mark će me odvesti nazad do hotela.
Dennis Hong: I'm so happy for you. Mark's going to give me a ride back to the hotel.
Mark Riccobono: Da.
Mark Riccobono: Yes.
(Aplauz)
(Applause)
DH: Od kako smo počeli ovaj projekat, dobili smo stotine pisama, emailova, telefonskih poziva od ljudi iz cijelog svijeta. Pisma zahvale, ali nekada dobijemo smiješna pisma poput ovoga: "Sada razumijem zašto postoji Brailovo pismo na "drive up" bankomatima (Smijeh) Ali nekada -- (Smijeh) Ali nekada dobijem i ne bih nazvao to pisma mržnje -- ali pisma koja izražavaju jaku zabrinutost: "Dr. Hong, vi ste ludi, pokušavate da stavite slijepe ljude na cestu? Mora da ste izvan pameti." Ali ovo vozilo je prototip vozila, i neće biti na cesti dok se ne dokaže da je sigurno kao, ili sigurnije od današnjih vozila. I istinski vjerujem da će se ovo desiti.
DH: So since we started this project, we've been getting hundreds of letters, emails, phone calls from people from all around the world. Letters thanking us, but sometimes you also get funny letters like this one: "Now I understand why there is Braille on a drive-up ATM machine." (Laughter) But sometimes -- (Laughter) But sometimes I also do get -- I wouldn't call it hate mail -- but letters of really strong concern: "Dr. Hong, are you insane, trying to put blind people on the road? You must be out of your mind." But this vehicle is a prototype vehicle, and it's not going to be on the road until it's proven as safe as, or safer than, today's vehicle. And I truly believe that this can happen.
Ali i dalje, da li će društvo, prihvatiti ovakve radikalne ideje? Kako ćemo pristupiti osiguranju? Kako ćemo izdavati vozačke dozvole? Postoji mnoštvo ovakvih problema osim tehnoloških izazova koje moramo riješiti prije nego ovo postane stvarnost. Naravno, glavni cilj ovog projekta je da se razvije auto za slijepe. Ali potencijalno još važnije od ovoga je velika vrijednost ove nove tehnologije koja može nastati iz ovog projekta. Senzori koji se koriste mogu vidjeti u mraku, magli i kiši. I zajedno sa ovim novim tipom povezivanja, možemo koristiti ove tehnologije i aplicirati ih da učinimo auta sigurnijim za sve. Ili za slijepe osobe, aparate iz kućne upotrebe -- u procesu obrazovanja, u uredu. Samo zamislite, u učionici učitelj piše po tabli a slijepi učenik može vidjeti šta je napisano i to pročitati koristeći ne-vizuelno povezivanje. Ovo je neprocjenjivo. Tako da danas, stvari koje smo vam pokazali danas, predstavljaju samo početak.
But still, will the society, would they accept such a radical idea? How are we going to handle insurance? How are we going to issue driver's licenses? There's many of these different kinds of hurdles besides technology challenges that we need to address before this becomes a reality. Of course, the main goal of this project is to develop a car for the blind. But potentially more important than this is the tremendous value of the spin-off technology that can come from this project. The sensors that are used can see through the dark, the fog and rain. And together with this new type of interfaces, we can use these technologies and apply them to safer cars for sighted people. Or for the blind, everyday home appliances -- in the educational setting, in the office setting. Just imagine, in a classroom a teacher writes on the blackboard and a blind student can see what's written and read using these non-visual interfaces. This is priceless. So today, the things I've showed you today, is just the beginning.
Hvala vam mnogo.
Thank you very much.
(Aplauz)
(Applause)