Well, now we're going to the Bahamas to meet a remarkable group of dolphins that I've been working with in the wild for the last 28 years.
Sada ćemo otići na Bahame u susret izuzetnoj grupi delfina s kojima sam radila u divljini poslednjih 28 godina.
Now I'm interested in dolphins because of their large brains and what they might be doing with all that brainpower in the wild. And we know they use some of that brainpower for just living complicated lives, but what do we really know about dolphin intelligence?
Zanimaju me delfini, zbog svog velikog mozga i čemu bi taj mozak mogao da služi u divljini. Znamo da nešto te pameti koriste da bi živeli svojim komplikovanim životima, ali šta uopšte znamo o inteligenciji delfina?
Well, we know a few things. We know that their brain-to-body ratio, which is a physical measure of intelligence, is second only to humans. Cognitively, they can understand artificially-created languages. And they pass self-awareness tests in mirrors. And in some parts of the world, they use tools, like sponges to hunt fish. But there's one big question left: do they have a language, and if so, what are they talking about?
Znamo nekoliko stvari. Znamo da je odnos težine njihovog mozga i tela, a to je fizička mera inteligencije, na drugom mestu u odnosu na ljude. Kognitivno, oni mogu da razumeju veštački stvorene jezike i prolaze na testovima samosvesti u ogledalima. U nekim delovima sveta koriste oruđa kao što su sunđeri, da love ribu. Ali, ostaje veliko pitanje: da li imaju jezik i ako ga imaju o čemu pričaju?
So decades ago, not years ago, I set out to find a place in the world where I could observe dolphins underwater to try to crack the code of their communication system. Now in most parts of the world, the water's pretty murky, so it's very hard to observe animals underwater, but I found a community of dolphins that live in these beautiful, clear, shallow sandbanks of the Bahamas which are just east of Florida. And they spend their daytime resting and socializing in the safety of the shallows, but at night, they go off the edge and hunt in deep water.
Ne godinama, već decenijama ranije krenula sam u potragu za mestom gde bih mogla da posmatram delfine pod vodom da bih pokušala da dešifrujem njihov sistem za komunikaciju. U većem delu sveta, voda je prilično mutna, pa ih je teško posmatrati pod vodom, ali pronašla sam zajednicu delfina koja živi u ovim divnim, bistrim, plitkim peščanim sprudovima Bahama, nešto istočnije od Floride. Oni provode vreme odmarajući i družeći se u bezbednosti pllićaka, a noću idu da love u duboke vode.
Now, it's not a bad place to be a researcher, either. So we go out for about five months every summer in a 20-meter catamaran, and we live, sleep and work at sea for weeks at a time. My main tool is an underwater video with a hydrophone, which is an underwater microphone, and this is so I can correlate sound and behavior. And most of our work's pretty non-invasive. We try to follow dolphin etiquette while we're in the water, since we're actually observing them physically in the water. Now, Atlantic spotted dolphins are a really nice species to work with for a couple of reasons. They're born without spots, and they get spots with age, and they go through pretty distinct developmental phases, so that's fun to track their behavior. And by about the age of 15, they're fully spotted black and white.
Ni za istraživača tu nije loše. Svakoga leta smo približno pet meseci na 20-metarskom katamaranu, živimo, spavamo i radimo istovremeno, na moru nedeljama. Moje glavno oruđe je podvodna kamera s hidrofonom, što je podvodni mikrofon, jer na taj način mogu da opažam korelaciju između zvuka i ponašanja. Većina našeg rada je prilično neinvazivna. Trudimo se da pratimo pravila ponašanja delfina dok smo u vodi jer ih fizički i posmatramo u vodi. Pegavi atlantski delfini (Stenella frontalis) su stvarno lepa vrsta za posmatranje iz nekoliko razloga. Rađaju se bez pega koje dobijaju s godinama i prolaze kroz veoma različite razvojne faze, pa je zabavno pratiti njihovo ponašanje. Tek oko 15 godine su potpuno crno i belo pegavi.
Now the mother you see here is Mugsy. She's 35 years old in this shot, but dolphins can actually live into their early 50s. And like all the dolphins in our community, we photographed Mugsy and tracked her little spots and nicks in her dorsal fin, and also the unique spot patterns as she matured over time.
Ovde vidite majku Magzi. Ona ima 35 godina na ovom snimku, a delfini mogu da dožive svoje rane pedesete godine. Kao i sve delfine u našoj zajednici, fotografisali smo Magzi i pratili njene male pege i ureze u njenom leđnom peraju, kao i jedinstvenu pegavu šaru tokom njenog sazrevanja.
Now, young dolphins learn a lot as they're growing up, and they use their teenage years to practice social skills, and at about the age of nine, the females become sexually mature, so they can get pregnant, and the males mature quite a bit later, at around 15 years of age. And dolphins are very promiscuous, and so we have to determine who the fathers are, so we do paternity tests by collecting fecal material out of the water and extracting DNA. So what that means is, after 28 years, we are tracking three generations, including grandmothers and grandfathers. Now, dolphins are natural acousticians. They make sounds 10 times as high and hear sounds 10 times as high as we do. But they have other communication signals they use. They have good vision, so they use body postures to communicate. They have taste, not smell. And they have touch. And sound can actually be felt in the water, because the acoustic impedance of tissue and water's about the same. So dolphins can buzz and tickle each other at a distance.
Mladi delfini mnogo nauče u procesu odrastanja i u svojim tinejdžerskim godinama vežbaju društvene veštine, a sa približno 9 godina ženke seksualno sazrevaju i mogu zatrudneti, dok mužjaci sazrevaju dosta kasnije, oko 15. godine. Delfini su veoma promiskuitetni, pa moramo da utvrđujemo očinstvo, pa izvodimo testove prikupljajući fekalni materijal iz vode i izdvajamo DNK. To znači da posle 28 godina, pratimo tri generacije, uključujući babe i dede. Delfini su prirodni akustičari. Oni proizvode i čuju zvuke koji su 10 puta viši od onih koje mi čujemo. Međutim, koriste i druge komunikacione signale. Imaju dobar vid, pa koriste položaje tela za komunikaciju. Imaju čulo ukusa, ali ne i mirisa. Imaju čulo dodira. Zvuk je moguće osetiti u vodi jer je akustični otpor tkiva i vode otprilike jednak. Tako delfini mogu da zuje i da se golicaju sa razdaljine.
Now, we do know some things about how sounds are used with certain behaviors. Now, the signature whistle is a whistle that's specific to an individual dolphin, and it's like a name. (Dolphin whistling noises) And this is the best-studied sound, because it's easy to measure, really, and you'd find this whistle when mothers and calves are reuniting, for example.
Znamo nešto o tome kako se zvuci koriste uz određeno ponašanje. Postoji zvižduk obeležavanja, a to je zvižduk koji je specifičan za svakog delfina, pa je kao ime. (Zvuci zviždanja delfina) Ovo je najbolje proučen zvuk, jer ga je zaista lako izmeriti, a naićićete na taj zvižduk kada se majka i mladunčad ponovo okupljaju, na primer.
Another well studied sound are echolocation clicks. This is the dolphin's sonar. (Dolphin echolocation noises) And they use these clicks to hunt and feed. But they can also tightly pack these clicks together into buzzes and use them socially. For example, males will stimulate a female during a courtship chase. You know, I've been buzzed in the water. (Laughter) Don't tell anyone. It's a secret. And you can really feel the sound. That was my point with that. (Laughter)
Sledeći dobro prostudirani zvuci su eholokacijski zvuci. Ovo je delfinski sonar. (Delfinski eholokacijski zvuci) Oni koriste ta coktanja da love i da se hrane. Ali takođe mogu da to coktanje uviju u zujanje i da ih koriste za druženje. Npr. mužjaci će stimulisati ženke tokom udvaračke hajke. Znate, meni su zujali u vodi. (Smeh) Nemojte nikome reći. To je tajna. I stvarno osećate zvuk. To sam i htela reći. (Smeh)
So dolphins are also political animals, so they have to resolve conflicts. (Dolphin noises) And they use these burst-pulsed sounds as well as their head-to-head behaviors when they're fighting. And these are very unstudied sounds because they're hard to measure.
Delfini su takođe životinje koje se bave politikom, pa moraju da rešavaju konflikte. (Zvuci delfina) Koriste ove eksplozivne pulsirajuće zvuke pored čeonih položaja dok se svađaju. A ovo su neproučeni zvuci jer ih je teško izmeriti.
Now this is some video of a typical dolphin fight. (Dolphin noises) So you're going to see two groups, and you're going to see the head-to-head posturing, some open mouths, lots of squawking. There's a bubble. And basically, one of these groups will kind of back off and everything will resolve fine, and it doesn't really escalate into violence too much.
Ovo je snimak tipične borbe delfina. (Zvuci delfina) Videćete dve grupe i videćete položaje glava u glavu, neka otvorena usta, mnogo krike. Eno mehurića. U stvari, jedna od tih grupa će se nekako povući i sve će se dobro rešiti, ne eskalira u nasilje previše.
Now, in the Bahamas, we also have resident bottlenose that interact socially with the spotted dolphins. For example, they babysit each other's calves. The males have dominance displays that they use when they're chasing each other's females. And the two species actually form temporary alliances when they're chasing sharks away. And one of the mechanisms they use to communicate their coordination is synchrony. They synchronize their sounds and their body postures to look bigger and sound stronger. (Dolphins noises) Now, these are bottlenose dolphins, and you'll see them starting to synchronize their behavior and their sounds. (Dolphin noises) You see, they're synchronizing with their partner as well as the other dyad. I wish I was that coordinated.
Na Bahamima su takođe nastanjeni kljunasti delfini koji se druže sa pegavim delfinima. Npr. jedni drugima čuvaju mladunce. Mužjaci istupaju dominantno kada jure jedni drugima za ženkama. Te dve vrste prave privremena savezništva kada teraju ajkule. Jedan od mehanizama koji koriste za komunikaciju koordinacije je sinhronizacija. Oni sinhronizuju svoje zvuke i položaje tela da bi izgledali veći i zvučali jače. (Zvuci delfina) Ovo su ti obični kljunasti delfini i videćete ih kako počinju da sinhronizuju svoje ponašanje i zvuke. (Zvuci delfina) Vidite, sinhronizuju se sa svojim partnerom jednako kao i drugi parovi. Volela bih da sam tako koordinirana.
Now, it's important to remember that you're only hearing the human-audible parts of dolphin sounds, and dolphins make ultrasonic sounds, and we use special equipment in the water to collect these sounds. Now, researchers have actually measured whistle complexity using information theory, and whistles rate very high relative to even human languages. But burst-pulsed sounds is a bit of a mystery.
Važno je da zapamtite da čujete samo delove delfinskih zvukova koje ljudi čuju, jer delfini proizvode i ultrazvuke, pa koristimo specijalnu opremu u vodi za prikupljanje tih zvukova. Istraživači su merili složenost zvižduka korišćenjem teorije informacije i zvižduci su procenjeni veoma visoko u odnosu čak i na ljudski govor. Ali eksplozivno-pulsirajući zvuci su pomalo tajanstveni.
Now, these are three spectragrams. Two are human words, and one is a dolphin vocalizing. So just take a guess in your mind which one is the dolphin. Now, it turns out burst-pulsed sounds actually look a bit like human phonemes.
Ovo su tri spektrograma. Dva su ljudske reči, a jedan je delfinska vokalizacija. Pogađajte koji je delfin. Ispostavlja se da eksplozivno-pulsirajući zvuci izgledaju pomalo kao ljudski fonemi.
Now, one way to crack the code is to interpret these signals and figure out what they mean, but it's a difficult job, and we actually don't have a Rosetta Stone yet. But a second way to crack the code is to develop some technology, an interface to do two-way communication, and that's what we've been trying to do in the Bahamas and in real time. Now, scientists have used keyboard interfaces to try to bridge the gap with species including chimpanzees and dolphins. This underwater keyboard in Orlando, Florida, at the Epcot Center, was actually the most sophisticated ever two-way interface designed for humans and dolphins to work together under the water and exchange information. So we wanted to develop an interface like this in the Bahamas, but in a more natural setting. And one of the reasons we thought we could do this is because the dolphins were starting to show us a lot of mutual curiosity. They were spontaneously mimicking our vocalizations and our postures, and they were also inviting us into dolphin games. Now, dolphins are social mammals, so they love to play, and one of their favorite games is to drag seaweed, or sargassum in this case, around. And they're very adept. They like to drag it and drop it from appendage to appendage. Now in this footage, the adult is Caroh. She's 25 years old here, and this is her newborn, Cobalt, and he's just learning how to play this game. (Dolphin noises) She's kind of teasing him and taunting him. He really wants that sargassum. Now, when dolphins solicit humans for this game, they'll often sink vertically in the water, and they'll have a little sargassum on their flipper, and they'll sort of nudge it and drop it sometimes on the bottom and let us go get it, and then we'll have a little seaweed keep away game. But when we don't dive down and get it, they'll bring it to the surface and they'll sort of wave it in front of us on their tail and drop it for us like they do their calves, and then we'll pick it up and have a game.
Jedan od načina za dešifrovanje jeste tumačenje ovih signala i odgonetanje njihovog značenja, što je težak posao i još uvek nemamo ključ. No, drugi način za dešifrovanje jeste razvijanje neke tehnologije, interfejsa za dvosmernu komunikaciju i to pokušavamo da uradimo na Bahamima u realnom vremenu. Naučnici su koristili tastaturu da bi premostili jaz među različitim vrstama uključujući šimpanze i delfine. Ova podvodna tastatura u Orlandu na Floridi, u Epkot centru, bila je u stvari dotad najsofisticiraniji dvosmerni interfejs napravljen za rad ljudi s delfinima pod vodom i za razmenjivanje informacija. Zato smo želeli da razvijemo takav interfejs na Bahamima, ali u prirodnijem okruženju. Jedan od razloga koji nas je na to naveo jeste da su delfini počeli da ispoljavaju veliku uzajamnu radoznalost. Spontano su oponašali našu vokalizaciju i naše položaje, te su nas takođe pozivali u delfinske igre. Delfini su druželjubivi sisari i rado se igraju, a jedna od njihovih omiljenih igara je da vuku unaokolo morsku travu, u ovom slučaju sargasum. I veoma su vešti. Rado ga povlače i ispuštaju od jednog do drugog peraja. Na ovom snimku, odrasli delfin je Karoh. Ima 25 godina, a ovo je njeno novorođenče, Kobalt i on uči kako da igra tu igru. (Delfinski zvuci) Оna kao da ga zadirkuje i ruga mu se. On zaista želi taj sargasum. Kada delfini traže ljude za ovu igru, često će vertikalno uroniti u vodu i imaće mali sargasum na peraju i nekako će ga gurnuti i ispustiti ponekad na dno i pustiti nas da idemo po njega i tako ćemo se igrati s morskom travom. Ali kada ne zaronimo i ne donesemo je oni će je doneti na površinu i mahaće njom na repu ispred nas i pustiće je za nas, kao što rade s mladuncima i tada ćemo je pokupiti igre radi.
And so we started thinking, well, wouldn't it be neat to build some technology that would allow the dolphins to request these things in real time, their favorite toys? So the original vision was to have a keyboard hanging from the boat attached to a computer, and the divers and dolphins would activate the keys on the keypad and happily exchange information and request toys from each other. But we quickly found out that dolphins simply were not going to hang around the boat using a keyboard. They've got better things to do in the wild. They might do it in captivity, but in the wild --
Tako smo počeli da razmišljamo da bi bilo lepo da naravimo tehnologiju koja bi omogućila delfinima da zahtevaju te stvari, svoje omiljene igračke, u realnom vremenu. Originalna vizija je bila da imamo tastaturu koja visi sa broda priključena na kompjuter, pa bi ronioci i delfini aktivirali tastere na tastaturi i veselo razmenjivali informacije tražeći igračke jedni od drugih. Ali smo ubrzo otkrili da delfini jednostavno neće da se motaju oko broda i da koriste tastaturu. Imaju pametnije stvari da rade u divljini. To mogu raditi u zarobljeništvu, ali ne i u divljini -
So we built a portable keyboard that we could push through the water, and we labeled four objects they like to play with, the scarf, rope, sargassum, and also had a bow ride, which is a fun activity for a dolphin. (Whistle) And that's the scarf whistle, which is also associated with a visual symbol. And these are artificially created whistles. They're outside the dolphin's normal repertoire, but they're easily mimicked by the dolphins. And I spent four years with my colleagues Adam Pack and Fabienne Delfour, working out in the field with this keyboard using it with each other to do requests for toys while the dolphins were watching. And the dolphins could get in on the game. They could point at the visual object, or they could mimic the whistle.
Pa smo izgradili prenosnu tastaturu, koju bismo mogli gurati kroz vodu i označili smo 4 objekta sa kojima vole da se igraju, maramu, konopac, sargasum i motorni čamac takođe koji je zabavna aktivnost za delfine. (Zvižduk) To je zvižduk za maramu, povezan takođe s vizuelnim simbolom. A to su veštački stvoreni zvižduci. Oni su izvan normalnog delfinskog repertoara, ali ih delfini lako imitiraju. Provela sam 4 godine sa svojim kolegama Adamom Pakom i Fabijanom Delforom radeći na terenu s ovom tastaturom, koristeći je između sebe da tražimo igračke dok su delfini posmatrali. Delfini su mogli da učestvuju u igri. Mogli su da pokazuju na vizuelni objekt ili su mogli da oponašaju zvižduk.
Now this is video of a session. The diver here has a rope toy, and I'm on the keyboard on the left, and I've just played the rope key, and that's the request for the toy from the human. So I've got the rope, I'm diving down, and I'm basically trying to get the dolphin's attention, because they're kind of like little kids. You have to keep their attention. I'm going to drop the rope, see if they come over. Here they come, and then they're going to pick up the rope and drag it around as a toy. Now, I'm at the keyboard on the left, and this is actually the first time that we tried this. I'm going to try to request this toy, the rope toy, from the dolphins using the rope sound. Let's see if they might actually understand what that means. (Whistle) That's the rope whistle. Up come the dolphins, and drop off the rope, yay. Wow.
Ovo je snimak jedne sesije. Ovde ronilac ima konopac igračku, ja sam na tastaturi levo i upravo sam odsvirala zvuk konopca, a to je znak da ljudi traže igračku. Tako sam dobila konopac i uronjavam pokušavajući da zadobijem pažnju delfina jer su oni pomalo slični maloj deci. Morate da im održavate pažnju. Ispustiću konopac da vidim da li će doći. Evo ih dolaze i sada će pokupiti konopac i vući će ga unaokolo kao igračku. Sada sam na tastaturi levo, ovo je zapravo prvi put da smo to probali. Pokušaću da zatražim tu igračku, konopac igračku od delfina pomoću zvuka konopca. Pa da vidimo da li mogu da shvate šta to znači. (Zvižduk) To je zvižduk konopca. Gore dolaze delfini i ostavljaju konopac, da.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
So this is only once. We don't know for sure if they really understand the function of the whistles. Okay, so here's a second toy in the water. This is a scarf toy, and I'm trying to lead the dolphin over to the keyboard to show her the visual and the acoustic signal. Now this dolphin, we call her "the scarf thief," because over the years she's absconded with about 12 scarves. In fact, we think she has a boutique somewhere in the Bahamas. So I'm reaching over. She's got the scarf on her right side. And we try to not touch the animals too much, we really don't want to over-habituate them. And I'm trying to lead her back to the keyboard. And the diver there is going to activate the scarf sound to request the scarf. So I try to give her the scarf. Whoop. Almost lost it. But this is the moment where everything becomes possible. The dolphin's at the keyboard. You've got full attention. And this sometimes went on for hours. And I wanted to share this video with you not to show you any big breakthroughs, because they haven't happened yet, but to show you the level of intention and focus that these dolphins have, and interest in the system.
Ovo je samo jedanput. Ne znamo pouzdano da li oni zaista razumeju funkciju zvižduka. Dobro, evo ovde je druga igračka u vodi. Ovo je marama igračka i pokušavam da odvedem delfina do tastature da joj pokažem vizuelni i zvučni signal. Ovu delfinku zovemo "maramokradica", jer je tokom godina pobegla sa oko 12 marama. U stvari, mislimo da ima butik negde na Bahamima. Pružam joj. Dobila je maramu na svojoj desnoj strani. Trudimo se da životinje ne dodirujemo previše, ne želimo da se previše naviknu. Pokušavam da je odvedem nazad prema tastaturi. I ronilac će aktivirati zvuk marame da zatraži maramu. Zato se trudim da joj dam maramu. Ups. Skoro ju je izgubila. Ali ovo je momenat kad sve postaje moguće. Delfin je na tastaturi. Imate punu pažnju. I to je nekad trajalo satima. Želela sam da podelim ovaj snimak sa vama, ne da bih vam pokazala neke velike pomake, jer još se nisu dogodili, već da vam pokažem nivo volje i pažnje koje ovi delfini imaju i interes za sistem.
And because of this, we really decided we needed some more sophisticated technology. So we joined forces with Georgia Tech, with Thad Starner's wearable computing group, to build us an underwater wearable computer that we're calling CHAT. [CHAT: Cetacean Hearing And Telemetry] Now, instead of pushing a keyboard through the water, the diver's wearing the complete system, and it's acoustic only, so basically the diver activates the sounds on a keypad on the forearm, the sounds go out through an underwater speaker, if a dolphin mimics the whistle or a human plays the whistle, the sounds come in and are localized by two hydrophones. The computer can localize who requested the toy if there's a word match. And the real power of the system is in the real-time sound recognition, so we can respond to the dolphins quickly and accurately.
Zbog toga smo odlučili da su nam potrebne neke sofisticiranije tehnologije. Pa smo udružili snage sa Tehničkim institutom iz Džordžije sa T. Starnerovom kompjuterskom grupom za nosive kompjutere da nam naprave podvodni nosivi kompjuter koji nazivamo ČAT. [CHAT: Cetacean Hearing And Telemetry] Sada umesto guranja tastature kroz vodu, ronioci obuku kompletan sistem, koji je samo akustičan, pa kada ronilac aktivira zvuk na maloj tastaturi na podlaktici, zvuci izlaze kroz podvodni zvučnik, ako delfin imitira zvižduk, ili ako ljudi puste zvižduk, zvuci ulaze i lokalizuju se pomoću dva hidrofona. Kompjuter može lokalizovati ko je zatražio igračku ako se reči poklapaju. Stvarna snaga sistema je u momentalnom prepoznavanju zvuka, pa možemo odgovoriti delfinima brzo i precizno.
And we're at prototype stage, but this is how we hope it will play out. So Diver A and Diver B both have a wearable computer and the dolphin hears the whistle as a whistle, the diver hears the whistle as a whistle in the water, but also as a word through bone conduction. So Diver A plays the scarf whistle or Diver B plays the sargassum whistle to request a toy from whoever has it. What we hope will happen is that the dolphin mimics the whistle, and if Diver A has the sargassum, if that's the sound that was played and requested, then the diver will give the sargassum to the requesting dolphin and they'll swim away happily into the sunset playing sargassum for forever.
U fazi smo prototipa, ali nadamo se da će se ovako odvijati. Dakle, ronilac A i ronilac B oboje imaju nosivi kompjuter i delfin čuje zvižduk kao zvižduk, ronilac čuje zvižduk kao zvižduk u vodi, ali i kao reč putem koštane provodljivosti. Dakle, ronilac A odsvira zvižduk marame ili ronilac B odsvira zvižduk sargasuma da zatraži igračku od bilo koga ko je ima. Nadamo se sledećem, da će delfin imitirati zvižduk i ako ronilac A ima sargasum, ako je to zvuk koji je odsviran i zatražen, onda će ronilac dati sargasum delfinu koji ga je zatražio i oni će veselo otplivati u zalazak sunca svirajući sargasum zauvek.
Now, how far can this kind of communication go? Well, CHAT is designed specifically to empower the dolphins to request things from us. It's designed to really be two-way. Now, will they learn to mimic the whistles functionally? We hope so and we think so. But as we decode their natural sounds, we're also planning to put those back into the computerized system. For example, right now we can put their own signature whistles in the computer and request to interact with a specific dolphin. Likewise, we can create our own whistles, our own whistle names, and let the dolphins request specific divers to interact with.
Koliko daleko može ova vrsta komunikacije da ide? Pa, ČAT je napravljen specijalno da osposobi delfine da od nas traže stvari. Osmišljen je da zaista bude dvosmeran. Da li će naučiti da funkcionalno imitiraju zvižduke? Nadamo se i mislimo da hoće. Ali kao što smo dekodirali njihove prirodne zvuke, takođe planiramo da ih vratimo u kompjuterizovan sistem. Na primer već sada možemo da ubacimo njihov svojstveni zvižduk u kompjuter i da zahtevamo komunikaciju sa određenim delfinom. Na taj način možemo da napravimo naše zvižduke, naša zvižduk imena i omogućimo delfinima da potraže komunikaciju sa određenim roniocem.
Now it may be that all our mobile technology will actually be the same technology that helps us communicate with another species down the road. In the case of a dolphin, you know, it's a species that, well, they're probably close to our intelligence in many ways and we might not be able to admit that right now, but they live in quite a different environment, and you still have to bridge the gap with the sensory systems.
Može se desiti da će nam naša mobilna tehnologija jednako poslužiti za komuniciranje i sa drugim vrstama. Što se delfina tiče, oni jesu vrsta bliska našoj inteligenciji na mnogo načina iako možda ne možemo da to već sada priznamo, ali oni žive u sasvim drukčijem okruženju, pa je potrebno premostiti razlike čulnih sistema.
I mean, imagine what it would be like to really understand the mind of another intelligent species on the planet.
Hoću reći, zamislite kako bi to bilo kada bismo zaista razumeli um druge inteligentne vrste na planeti.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)