I'm going to speak to you about the global refugee crisis and my aim is to show you that this crisis is manageable, not unsolvable, but also show you that this is as much about us and who we are as it is a trial of the refugees on the front line.
Ninaenda kuongea nanyi kuhusu janga la kidunia la wakimbizi na lengo langu ni kuwaonyesha kwamba janga hili Linaweza kusimamiwa, halishindikani kutatuliwa, lakini pia kuwaonyesha kwamba hili jambo ni zaidi kuhusu sisi na vile tulivyo kama lilivyo ni jaribu kwa wakimbizi waliopo mstari wa mbele.
For me, this is not just a professional obligation, because I run an NGO supporting refugees and displaced people around the world. It's personal.
Kwangu mimi, hili sio jukumu la kikazi tu, kwa vile ninaendesha taasisi isiyo ya kiserikali inayoshughululika na wakimbuzi duniani kote. nachukulia kama jukumu la kibinafsi.
I love this picture. That really handsome guy on the right, that's not me. That's my dad, Ralph, in London, in 1940 with his father Samuel. They were Jewish refugees from Belgium. They fled the day the Nazis invaded. And I love this picture, too. It's a group of refugee children arriving in England in 1946 from Poland. And in the middle is my mother, Marion. She was sent to start a new life in a new country on her own at the age of 12. I know this: if Britain had not admitted refugees in the 1940s, I certainly would not be here today.
Naipenda picha hii. Yule kijana mtanashati sana upande wa kulia, yule sio mimi. Ni baba yangu, Ralph, akiwa London, mwaka 1940 akiwa na baba yake Samwel. Walikuwa wakimbizi wa Kiyahudi tokea Ubelgiji. Walikimbia siku ambazo Nazi wa Ujerumani walivamia. Na naipenda picha hii, pia. Ni kundi la watoto wakimbizi walipowasili Uingereza mwaka 1946 kutokea Poland. Na katikati ni mama yangu, Marion. Alitumwa kwenda kuanza maisha mapya katika nchi mpya yeye mwenyewe akiwa na miaka 12. Najua hili; Kama Waingereza wasingeruhusu wakimbizi mwaka 1940, Nina uhakika nisingekuwa hapa leo.
Yet 70 years on, the wheel has come full circle. The sound is of walls being built, vengeful political rhetoric, humanitarian values and principles on fire in the very countries that 70 years ago said never again to statelessness and hopelessness for the victims of war. Last year, every minute, 24 more people were displaced from their homes by conflict, violence and persecution: another chemical weapon attack in Syria, the Taliban on the rampage in Afghanistan, girls driven from their school in northeast Nigeria by Boko Haram. These are not people moving to another country to get a better life. They're fleeing for their lives.
Bado katika miaka 70, gurudumu limezunguka kuwa kamili. Sauti za kuta ambazo zimejengwa, siasa za visasi, thamani ya ubinadamu na misingi katika moto katika nchi ambazo miaka 70 iliyopita zilisema hakuna tena kamwe wataokuwa bila mataifa na matumaini ambao ni wahanga wa vita. Mwaka uliopita, kila dakika, zaidi ya watu 24 walikuwa wakiondolewa kutoka majumbani mwao kwa mafarakano, machafuko na unyanyapaa wa kibaguzi: shambulio lingine la silaha za kemikali nchini Syria, Watalibani na machafuko nchini Afghanistan, wasichana waliotekwa na Boko Haram wakiwa shule Kaskazini- Mashariki mwa Nigeria. Hawa sio watu ambao wanahamia nchi nyingine kupata maisha bora. Wanahama kwa kuokoa maisha yao.
It's a real tragedy that the world's most famous refugee can't come to speak to you here today. Many of you will know this picture. It shows the lifeless body of five-year-old Alan Kurdi, a Syrian refugee who died in the Mediterranean in 2015. He died alongside 3,700 others trying to get to Europe. The next year, 2016, 5,000 people died. It's too late for them, but it's not too late for millions of others.
Ni jambo la kuhuzunisha mno kwamba mkimbizi maarufu duniani hawezi kuja kuongea hapa leo hii. Wengi wenu mtaitambua picha hii. Inaonyesha mwili usio na maisha mwa mvulana wa miaka mitano aitwaye Alan Kurdi, mkimbizi wa Syria aliyefariki Mediterenian mwaka 2015. Alifariki na wengine 3700 wakati wakijaribu kuingia Ulaya. Mwaka uliofata, 2016, Watu 5000 walifariki. Walikuwa wamechelewa mno, lakini ni mapema kwa wengine mamilioni.
It's not too late for people like Frederick. I met him in the Nyarugusu refugee camp in Tanzania. He's from Burundi. He wanted to know where could he complete his studies. He'd done 11 years of schooling. He wanted a 12th year. He said to me, "I pray that my days do not end here in this refugee camp."
Bado ni mapema kwa watu kama Frederick. Nilikutana nae katika kambi ya wakimbizi inayofahamika kama Nyarugusu nchini Tanzania. Anatokea Burundi. Alitaka kujua ni wapi angeweza kumaliza masomo yake. Amesoma madarasa 11, na alitaka malizia mwaka wa 12. Aliniambia, "Ninaomba kwa Mungu siku zangu zisiiishie hapa katika kambi hii ya wakimbizi."
And it's not too late for Halud. Her parents were Palestinian refugees living in the Yarmouk refugee camp outside Damascus. She was born to refugee parents, and now she's a refugee herself in Lebanon. She's working for the International Rescue Committee to help other refugees, but she has no certainty at all about her future, where it is or what it holds.
Na bado ni mapema kwa Halud. Wazazi wake walikuwa ni wakimbizi wa Kipalestina wanaoishi katika kambi ya Yarmouk nje ya mji mkuu wa Damascus. Alizaliwa wazazi wakimbizi, na sasa ni mkimbizi akiwa peke yake nchini Lebanon. Anafanya kazi katika kamati ya kimataifa ya kusaidia wakimbizi wengine, lakini hana uhakika wowote kuhusu maisha yake ya baadaye, yapo wapi na yana ahadi gani.
This talk is about Frederick, about Halud and about millions like them: why they're displaced, how they survive, what help they need and what our responsibilities are. I truly believe this, that the biggest question in the 21st century concerns our duty to strangers. The future "you" is about your duties to strangers. You know better than anyone, the world is more connected than ever before, yet the great danger is that we're consumed by our divisions. And there is no better test of that than how we treat refugees.
Hotuba hii ni kuhusu Frederick, na kuhusu Halud na kuhusu mamilioni ya wengine; na walikuwa wameondolewa, wanaishi vipi, msaada gani wanahitaji na majukumu yetu ni yapi. Ninaamini katika hili, kwamba swali kubwa katika karne ya 21 linahusu majukumu yetu kwa watu tusiowafahamu. Kesho yako inahusu majukumu yako kwa usiowafahamu. Unajua vyema kuliko mwingine yoyote, dunia imeunganishwa kirahisi sana kuliko miaka ya nyuma, lakini hatari kubwa ni kwamba tunatumia muda mwingi katika utengano wetu. Na hakuna jaribio bora kwa hilo kuliko jinsi tunavyowajali wakimbizi.
Here are the facts: 65 million people displaced from their homes by violence and persecution last year. If it was a country, that would be the 21st largest country in the world. Most of those people, about 40 million, stay within their own home country, but 25 million are refugees. That means they cross a border into a neighboring state. Most of them are living in poor countries, relatively poor or lower-middle-income countries, like Lebanon, where Halud is living. In Lebanon, one in four people is a refugee, a quarter of the whole population.
Huu ni ukweli: watu milioni 65 waliondolewa kutoka majumbani mwao kwa machafuko mwaka uliopita. Kama ingekuwa ni nchi, ingekuwa ni nchi kubwa kuliko zote duniani katika karne ya 21. Wengi ya hawa watu, takribani milioni 40, wanaishi katika nchi zao, lakini milioni 25 ni wakimbizi. Hii inamaanisha wanavuka mpaka kwenda nchi jirani. Wengi wao wanaishi katika nchi masikini, nchi za umasikini wa ulinganifu au zilizo na kipato cha chini cha kati, kama Lebanon, ambapo Halud anaishi. Nchini Lebanon, mtu mmoja kati ya wanne ni mkimbizi, robo ya watu wote.
And refugees stay for a long time. The average length of displacement is 10 years. I went to what was the world's largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya. It's called Dadaab. It was built in 1991-92 as a "temporary camp" for Somalis fleeing the civil war. I met Silo. And naïvely I said to Silo, "Do you think you'll ever go home to Somalia?" And she said, "What do you mean, go home? I was born here." And then when I asked the camp management how many of the 330,000 people in that camp were born there, they gave me the answer: 100,000. That's what long-term displacement means.
Na wakimbizi hukaa kwa muda mrefu. Muda wa wastani wa kukimbia ni miaka kumi. Nilikwenda katika kambi kubwa ya wakimbizi duniani, mashariki ya Kenya. Inafahamika kama Dadaab. Ilijengwa kati mwaka 1991 hadi 92 kama kambi ya muda kwa Wasomali waliokimbia kutokana na vita ya kisiasa. Nilikutana na Silo. Na nikajisemea kwa Silo, "Unadhani utaweza kurudi nyumbani Somalia?" Na alisema, "Unamaanisha nini, kurudi nyumbani? Nimezaliwa hapa." Na kisha nilipouliza utawala wa kambi ile ni wangapi kati ya watu 330,000 walizaliwa palepale kambini, Walinipa jibu; 100,000 Hii ndiyo maana ya ukimbizi wa muda mrefu.
Now, the causes of this are deep: weak states that can't support their own people, an international political system weaker than at any time since 1945 and differences over theology, governance, engagement with the outside world in significant parts of the Muslim world. Now, those are long-term, generational challenges. That's why I say that this refugee crisis is a trend and not a blip. And it's complex, and when you have big, large, long-term, complex problems, people think nothing can be done.
Sasa, chanzo cha haya matatizo kina kina kirefu; mataifa dhaifu ambayo hayawezi kujali watu wao, mfumo wa kimataifa wa siasa dhaifu kuliko muda wowote kuanzia 1945 na tofauti za imani za kidini, utawala, mahusiano na dunia ya nje katika sehemu muhimu ya dunia ya Kiislamu Sasa, hizi ni changamoto za vizazi ambazo ni za muda mrefu. Ndiyo maana ninasema hili janga la wakimbizi ni jambo ambalo ni muendelezo na sio la kushtukiza. Ni tata, na pale unapokuwa na matatizo ambayo ni makubwa, ya muda mrefu, watu hufikiri hamna jambo linaloweza fanyika.
When Pope Francis went to Lampedusa, off the coast of Italy, in 2014, he accused all of us and the global population of what he called "the globalization of indifference." It's a haunting phrase. It means that our hearts have turned to stone. Now, I don't know, you tell me. Are you allowed to argue with the Pope, even at a TED conference? But I think it's not right. I think people do want to make a difference, but they just don't know whether there are any solutions to this crisis. And what I want to tell you today is that though the problems are real, the solutions are real, too.
Wakati Papa Francis alipokwenda Lampedusa, katika pwani za Italia, mwaka 2014, alitushutumu sisi sote na dunia nzima ambapo aliita ni dunia ya "utandawazi wa wasiojali." Ni msemo ambao upo nasi mara zote. Ina maana kwamba mioyo yetu imegeuka kuwa ya mawe. Sasa, sifahamu, uniambie. Unatakiwa kulumbana na Papa, hata katika mkutano wa TED? Lakini nafikiri si sahihi. Nadhani watu wanataka kufanya mabadiliko, lakini hawajui kama kuna utatuzi wowote wa hili janga. Na ninachotaka kuwaambia leo Ni kwamba ingawa matatizo ni makubwa, na ufumbuzi wake ni mkubwa pia
Solution one: these refugees need to get into work in the countries where they're living, and the countries where they're living need massive economic support. In Uganda in 2014, they did a study: 80 percent of refugees in the capital city Kampala needed no humanitarian aid because they were working. They were supported into work.
Ufumbuzi wa kwanza: wakimbizi hawa wanatakiwa wajishughulishe katika nchi wanazoishi. na nchi ambazo wanaishi zinatakiwa kupewa msaada mkubwa wa kiuchumi. Mwaka 2014 nchini Uganda, walifanya utafiti: Asilimia 80 ya wakimbizi katika mji mkuu wa Kampala hawakuhitaji msaada wa kibinadamu kwa sababu walikuwa wakifanya kazi. Walikuwa wakisaidiwa katika kazi.
Solution number two: education for kids is a lifeline, not a luxury, when you're displaced for so long. Kids can bounce back when they're given the proper social, emotional support alongside literacy and numeracy. I've seen it for myself. But half of the world's refugee children of primary school age get no education at all, and three-quarters of secondary school age get no education at all. That's crazy.
Ufumbuzi namba mbili: elimu kwa watoto ni msingi wa maisha, sio starehe, Unapokuwa umekimbia kwa muda mrefu. Watoto wanaweza shindwa pale wanapopewa msaada sahihi wa kijamii na kihisia pamoja na maarifa Nimejionea mwenyewe. Lakini nusu wa wakimbizi watoto duniani walio katika umri wa elimu ya msingi hawapati elimu kabisa, na robo tatu ya umri wa shule ya sekondari hawapati elimu kabisa. Inachanganya akili sana!
Solution number three: most refugees are in urban areas, in cities, not in camps. What would you or I want if we were a refugee in a city? We would want money to pay rent or buy clothes. That is the future of the humanitarian system, or a significant part of it: give people cash so that you boost the power of refugees and you'll help the local economy.
Ufumbuzi namba tatu: wakimbizi wengi wapo katika maeneo ya mijini, katika majiji, na sio katika makambi. Ni kipi utachotaka au nitachotaka kama tungekuwa wakimbizi katika jiji? Tungehitaji fedha kwa ajili ya kulipa kodi na kununua nguo. Hiyo ni kesho ya mfumo wa kibinadamu, au nyanja muhimu: wape watu fedha ili uongeze nguvu ya wakimbizi na utasaidia uchumi wa eneo husika.
And there's a fourth solution, too, that's controversial but needs to be talked about. The most vulnerable refugees need to be given a new start and a new life in a new country, including in the West. The numbers are relatively small, hundreds of thousands, not millions, but the symbolism is huge. Now is not the time to be banning refugees, as the Trump administration proposes. It's a time to be embracing people who are victims of terror. And remember --
Na kuna ufumbuzi wa nne, pia, unatatiza lakini unatakiwa kuongelewa. Wale wakimbizi ambao wapo katika mazingira hatarishi wanatakiwa kupewa mwanzo mpya na maisha mapya katika nchi mpya, ukijumuisha na nchi za Magharibi. Takwimu ni ndogo sana ukilinganisha, mamia ya maelfu, na sio mamilioni, lakini ubaguzi ni mkubwa. Sasa sio muda wa kukataa wakimbizi, kama vile utawala wa Trump unavyohimiza. Ni muda wa kuwapa msaada wale ambao ni wahanga wa machafuko. Na kumbuka --
(Applause)
(Makofi)
Remember, anyone who asks you, "Are they properly vetted?" that's a really sensible and good question to ask. The truth is, refugees arriving for resettlement are more vetted than any other population arriving in our countries. So while it's reasonable to ask the question, it's not reasonable to say that refugee is another word for terrorist.
Kumbuka, kila anayekuuliza, "Wamechunguzwa vyema?" hilo ni swali muhimu mno kuuliza. Ukweli ni kwamba, wakimbizi wanaowasili kutokana na machafuko huchunguzwa kuliko wakimbizi wengine wote wanaoingia katika nchi. Kwa hiyo pale ambapo ina maana kuuliza swali, si sahihi kusema kwamba mkimbizi ni neno lingine linalomaanisha gaidi.
Now, what happens --
Sasa, kipi kinatokea --
(Applause)
(Makofi)
What happens when refugees can't get work, they can't get their kids into school, they can't get cash, they can't get a legal route to hope? What happens is they take risky journeys. I went to Lesbos, this beautiful Greek island, two years ago. It's a home to 90,000 people. In one year, 500,000 refugees went across the island. And I want to show you what I saw when I drove across to the north of the island: a pile of life jackets of those who had made it to shore. And when I looked closer, there were small life jackets for children, yellow ones. And I took this picture. You probably can't see the writing, but I want to read it for you. "Warning: will not protect against drowning." So in the 21st century, children are being given life jackets to reach safety in Europe even though those jackets will not save their lives if they fall out of the boat that is taking them there.
Kipi kinatokea kama wakimbizi hawawezi kupata kazi, hawawezi peleka watoto wao shuleni, hawawezi kupata fedha, hawawezi kupata njia halali ya matumaini? Kinachotokea ni kwamba wanaamua kufanya njia hatarishi. Nilikwenda Lesbos, kisiwa kizuri kilichopo Ugiriki, miaka miwili iliyopita. Kina wakazi 90,000. Katika mwaka mmoja, wakimbizi 500,000 walikwenda katika kisiwa hiki. Na ninataka kuwaonyesha nilichoshuhudia Nilipokuwa nikiendesha kuelekea kaskazini ya kisiwa: mrundikano wa makoti ya kuokoa maisha ya wale waliofankiwa kufika katika kile kisiwa. Na nilipoangalia kwa ukaribu, kulikuwa na makoti madogo ya kuokoa maisha ya watoto, ya rangi ya njano. Na nikachukua picha hii. Huwezi kuona maandishi, lakini nataka nikusomee. "Ilani: haitakukinga na dhidi za kuzama." Katika katika karne ya 21, watoto wanapewa makoti ya kuokoa maisha ili kufika salama Ulaya hata kama yale makoti hayawezi kuokoa maisha yao kama wataanguka kutoka katika mtumbwi ambao unawavusha.
This is not just a crisis, it's a test. It's a test that civilizations have faced down the ages. It's a test of our humanity. It's a test of us in the Western world of who we are and what we stand for. It's a test of our character, not just our policies. And refugees are a hard case. They do come from faraway parts of the world. They have been through trauma. They're often of a different religion. Those are precisely the reasons we should be helping refugees, not a reason not to help them. And it's a reason to help them because of what it says about us. It's revealing of our values. Empathy and altruism are two of the foundations of civilization. Turn that empathy and altruism into action and we live out a basic moral credo.
Hili sio janga, ni jaribio. Ni jaribio kwamba ustaarabu unaangalia chini. Ni jaribio la ubinadamu wetu. Ni jaribio la sisi tuliopo dunia ya Magharibi ya jinsi tulivyo na msimamo wetu. Ni jaribio la tabia zetu, sio sera zetu. Na wakimbizi ni kesi ngumu. Wanatokea mbali katika pande za dunia. Wamepitia magumu. Wengi wao ni wa dini tofauti. Hizi ni sababu sahihi ambazo zinatupasa kuwasaidia wakimbizi, na sio sababu za kutowasaidia. Na ni sababu ya kuwasaidia kwa sababu ya vile inavyosema kuhusu sisi. Inaonyesha thamani yetu. Uelewa na kujali ni misingi miwili ya ustaarabu. Badili uelewa na kujali katika vitendo na tutaishi katika mila ya kistaarabu.
And in the modern world, we have no excuse. We can't say we don't know what's happening in Juba, South Sudan, or Aleppo, Syria. It's there, in our smartphone in our hand. Ignorance is no excuse at all. Fail to help, and we show we have no moral compass at all.
Na katika dunia ya sasa, hatuwezi toa sababu. Hatuwezi sema hatufahamu kinachotokea Juba, Sudani Kusini au Aleppo, Syria. Kipo hapa, katika simujanja zetu zilizopo mikononi mwetu. Ukosefu wa maarifa sio sababu kabisa. Kushindwa kusaidia, tutaonyesha hatuna dira ya ustaarabu kabisa.
It's also revealing about whether we know our own history. The reason that refugees have rights around the world is because of extraordinary Western leadership by statesmen and women after the Second World War that became universal rights. Trash the protections of refugees, and we trash our own history. This is --
Na pia inaonyesha kuhusu pengine kama tunatambua historia yetu. Sababu ya kwamba wakimbizi wana haki duniani kote. ni kwa sababu ya uongozi usio wa kawaida ya Magharibi wa viongozi wake kwa waume baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia ikaja kuwa haki ya wote. Ukitupa jalalani ulinzi wa wakimbizi, unatupa historia yetu pia. Hii ni --
(Applause)
(Makofi)
This is also revealing about the power of democracy as a refuge from dictatorship. How many politicians have you heard say, "We believe in the power of our example, not the example of our power." What they mean is what we stand for is more important than the bombs we drop. Refugees seeking sanctuary have seen the West as a source of hope and a place of haven. Russians, Iranians, Chinese, Eritreans, Cubans, they've come to the West for safety. We throw that away at our peril.
Hii inadhihirisha nguvu ya demokrasia kama kimbilio kutokana na udikteta. Ni wanasiasa wangapi umewahi kuwasikia wakisema, "Tunaamini katika nguvu ya mifano yetu, na sio mifano ya nguvu yetu." Wanachomaanisha ndicho tunachoamini ni muhimu sana kuliko mabomu tunayodondosha. Wakimbizi wanaotafuta utakatifu wameona Magharibi ndiyo chanzo cha matumaini na bandari salama. Warusi, Wairan, Wachina, Waeritrea, Wakyuba, wamekuja magharibi kwa ajili ya usalama. Hatujali ili kuepuka maafa.
And there's one other thing it reveals about us: whether we have any humility for our own mistakes. I'm not one of these people who believes that all the problems in the world are caused by the West. They're not. But when we make mistakes, we should recognize it. It's not an accident that the country which has taken more refugees than any other, the United States, has taken more refugees from Vietnam than any other country. It speaks to the history. But there's more recent history, in Iraq and Afghanistan. You can't make up for foreign policy errors by humanitarian action, but when you break something, you have a duty to try to help repair it, and that's our duty now.
Na kuna kitu kimoja kingine kinachodhihirisha kuhusu sisi: kama tuna unyenyekevu wowote kutokana na makosa yetu. Mimi sio mmoja ya watu hawa ambae naamini kwamba matatizo yote ya dunia yanasababishwa na nchi za Magharibi. Hapana. Lakini tunapofanya makosa, lazima tuyatambue. Sio ajali kwamba nchi ambayo imechukua wakimbizi wengi zaidi kuliko nchi nyingine, Marekani, imechukua wakimbizi wengi zaidi kutoka Vietnam kuliko nchi yoyote ile. Inaongea katika historia. Lakini kuna historia ya hivi karibuni, nchini Iraq na Afghanistan. Huwezi rekebisha makosa ya siasa za nje kwa kutumia hatua za kibinadamu, lakini unapovunja kitu fulani, una jukumu la kusaidia katika kujaribu kukiunga tena, na ni jukumu letu sasa.
Do you remember at the beginning of the talk, I said I wanted to explain that the refugee crisis was manageable, not insoluble? That's true. I want you to think in a new way, but I also want you to do things. If you're an employer, hire refugees. If you're persuaded by the arguments, take on the myths when family or friends or workmates repeat them. If you've got money, give it to charities that make a difference for refugees around the world. If you're a citizen, vote for politicians who will put into practice the solutions that I've talked about.
Unakumbuka mwanzo wa hii hotuba yangu, Nilisema nataka kueleza kwamba janga la wakimbizi linaweza kusimamiwa, na sio lisiloshindikana? Ni ukweli, Nataka muwaze katika namna mpya, lakini pia nataka mfanye vitu. Kama wewe ni mwajiri, ajiri mkimbizi. Kama unapitishwa katika malumbano, waza mambo ya nyuma pale familia au marafiki au wafanyakazi wenzio wanaporudia. Kama una hela, toa kama msaada inaleta utofauti kwa wakimbizi wote duniani. Kama wewe ni mwananchi, mpigie kura mwanasiasa ambaye atafanyia kazi utatuzi wa haya niliyoongelea.
(Applause)
(Makofi)
The duty to strangers shows itself in small ways and big, prosaic and heroic. In 1942, my aunt and my grandmother were living in Brussels under German occupation. They received a summons from the Nazi authorities to go to Brussels Railway Station. My grandmother immediately thought something was amiss. She pleaded with her relatives not to go to Brussels Railway Station. Her relatives said to her, "If we don't go, if we don't do what we're told, then we're going to be in trouble." You can guess what happened to the relatives who went to Brussels Railway Station. They were never seen again. But my grandmother and my aunt, they went to a small village south of Brussels where they'd been on holiday in the decade before, and they presented themselves at the house of the local farmer, a Catholic farmer called Monsieur Maurice, and they asked him to take them in. And he did, and by the end of the war, 17 Jews, I was told, were living in that village.
Jukumu la asiyejulikana hujionyesha katika njia ndogo na kubwa, kawaida na kishujaa. Mwaka 1942, shangazi yangu na bibi yangu walikuwa wakiishi Brussels chini ya utawala wa Ujerumani. Walipokea wito kutoka katika mamlaka ya Nazi, kwenda katika stesheni ya reli ya Brussels. Bibi yangu mara moja alitambua kwamba kuna kitu hakipo. Aliwasihi ndugu zake wasiende stesheni ya reli ya Brussels. Ndugu zake walimwambia, "Kama hatutakwenda, kama hatutafanya tulichoambiwa, tutakuwa katika hatari kubwa." Unaweza tabiri nini kilitokea kwa wale ndugu waliokwenda stesheni ya reli ya Brussels. Hawakuonekana tena. Lakini bibi yangu na shangazi yangu, walikwenda katika kijiji kidogo kusini mwa Brussels ambapo walishawahi kwenda likizo muongo mmoja uliopita, na walifikia katika nyumba ya mwanakijiji ambaye ni mkulima, wa Kikatoliki aliyeitwa Monsieur Maurice, na waliomba kuishi pale. na aliwakubalia, na baada ya vita kuisha, Wayahudi 17, niliambiwa, walikuwa wakiishi katika kijiji kile.
And when I was teenager, I asked my aunt, "Can you take me to meet Monsieur Maurice?" And she said, "Yeah, I can. He's still alive. Let's go and see him." And so, it must have been '83, '84, we went to see him. And I suppose, like only a teenager could, when I met him, he was this white-haired gentleman, I said to him, "Why did you do it? Why did you take that risk?" And he looked at me and he shrugged, and he said, in French, "On doit." "One must." It was innate in him. It was natural. And my point to you is it should be natural and innate in us, too. Tell yourself, this refugee crisis is manageable, not unsolvable, and each one of us has a personal responsibility to help make it so. Because this is about the rescue of us and our values as well as the rescue of refugees and their lives.
Na nilipokuwa kijana, nilimuuliza shangazi yangu, "Unaweza nipeleka nikamuone Monsieur Maurice?" Na alisema, "Ndiyo, ninaweza. Bado yupo hai. Twende ukamuone." Hivyo, ilikuwa ni mwaka '83,'84 tulikwenda kumuona. Na tuseme, kama kijana tu ningeweza, pale nilipoonana nae, alikuwa ni mwanaume mstaarabu aliye na mvi, Nikamwambia, "Kwanini ulifanya vile? Kwanini ulikubali kuingia katika hatari?" Aliniangalia na akasema, katika lugha ya Kifaransa, "On doit." ikimaanisha "Yatupasa." Ilikuwa ndani yake. Ni asili. Na hoja yangu kwenu inatakiwa halisi na asili ndani yetu, pia. Iambie nafsi yako, hili janga la wakimbizi linaweza simamiwa, lina ufumbuzi, na kila mmoja wetu ana jukumu binafsi la kuhakikisha jambo hili linafanikiwa. Kwa sababu hili jambo ni kuhusu wokozi wetu na thamani yetu vile vile na wokozi wa wakimbizi na maisha yao.
Thank you very much indeed.
Asante sana.
(Applause)
(Makofi)
Bruno Giussani: David, thank you. David Miliband: Thank you.
Bruno Giussani: David, asante. David Miliband: Asante.
BG: Those are strong suggestions and your call for individual responsibility is very strong as well, but I'm troubled by one thought, and it's this: you mentioned, and these are your words, "extraordinary Western leadership" which led 60-something years ago to the whole discussion about human rights, to the conventions on refugees, etc. etc. That leadership happened after a big trauma and happened in a consensual political space, and now we are in a divisive political space. Actually, refugees have become one of the divisive issues. So where will leadership come from today?
BG: Haya ni mapendekezo yenye nguvu na wito wako kwa kila mmoja ni wenye nguvu pia, lakini ninatatizwa na wazo moja, ni hili hapa: umetaja, na haya ni maneno yako,"utawala usio wa kawaida wa Magharibi" ambao umeongoza kwa miaka 60 hivi iliyopita kuhusu majadiliano mazima kuhusu haki za binadamu, hadi kwenye makongamano kuhusu wakimbizi, kadhalika na kadhalika. Uongozi huu ulitokea baada ya mkanganyiko mkubwa na ulitokea katika nafasi ya makubaliano ya kisiasa, na sasa tupo mgawanyiko wa kisiasa. Kiuhalisia, wakimbizi wamekuwa moja ya jambo la mgawanyiko. Kwa hiyo ni wapi uongozi utatokea leo hii?
DM: Well, I think that you're right to say that the leadership forged in war has a different temper and a different tempo and a different outlook than leadership forged in peace. And so my answer would be the leadership has got to come from below, not from above. I mean, a recurring theme of the conference this week has been about the democratization of power. And we've got to preserve our own democracies, but we've got to also activate our own democracies. And when people say to me, "There's a backlash against refugees," what I say to them is, "No, there's a polarization, and at the moment, those who are fearful are making more noise than those who are proud." And so my answer to your question is that we will sponsor and encourage and give confidence to leadership when we mobilize ourselves. And I think that when you are in a position of looking for leadership, you have to look inside and mobilize in your own community to try to create conditions for a different kind of settlement.
DM: Ninadhani upo sahihi kusema uongozi uliozua vita una hasira tofauti na mwendo tofauti na muonekano tofauti pia kuliko uongozi uliozua amani. Na kwa hiyo jibu langu litakuwa kwamba uongozi unatakiwa kutokea chini, na sio juu. Ninamaanisha, maudhui yanayojirudia ya mkutano wiki hii yamekuwa kuhusu kuleta demokrasia katika nguvu. Na tunatakiwa kulinda demokrasia yetu, lakini pia tunatakiwa amsha demokrasia yetu wenyewe. Na pale watu wanaponiambia, "Kuna upinzani katika suala la wakimbizi," ninachowaambia ni hiki, "Hapana, kuna matabaka, na kwa wakati huu, wale ambao wanaogofya wanapiga kelele zaidi kuliko wale ambao wenye fahari." Kwa hiyo jibu langu kuhusu swali lako ni kwamba tutadhamini na kuhamasisha na kutoa ujasiri katika uongozi pale tunapoungana. Na ninadhani pale pale ambapo unakuwa katika nafasi ya kutafuta uongozi, unatakiwa kuangalia ndani na kuunganisha jamii yako kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ya tofauti kwa makazi.
BG: Thank you, David. Thanks for coming to TED.
BG: Asante, David. Asante kwa kuja TED.
(Applause)
(Makofi)