I was supposed to go in the very first session. And I had a plan. And that plan was I'd do TED, I'd see Vancouver, I'd chill out, I'd get this thing done, then I’d relax. I'd listen to other people's speeches, rob their best ideas, bring them home and sound incredibly, incredibly brainy. And then your man, Chris, rings me last weekend. He says, "You know that last thing, the first thing? Why don't you go last?" I'm like, "Oh, man." That brought to mind the words of the great American philosopher, Mike Tyson.
我本来是该在第一场会议演讲的。 我都已经计划好了, 来参加 TED 大会,在温哥华观光, 轻轻松松,把这个演讲说完, 然后我就可以休息了。 我会聆听其他人的演讲, 偷走他们最棒的观点, 把它们带回家, 然后我听上去就会非常聪明。 然后 TED 这边这位克里斯, 上周末给我打了个电话, 他说:“你知道,压轴的才是最好的吗? 要不你最后一个上台?” 我说:“哦,天呐。” 这让我想起了一位伟大的美国哲学家 迈克·泰森。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Who said of plans, "Everybody has a plan until they get a punch in the face."
说起计划,他说: “每个人都是有计划的,
(Laughter)
直到他脸上吃一记拳头。”
(笑声)
And of course, you know, doing the last gig at TED, it's not about the pressure, that's not the problem. The pressure isn't the problem. The problem is the sobriety.
当然,在 TED 压轴登台演讲, 压力并不是问题问题所在。 问题在于保持清醒。 (笑声)
(Laughter)
但之前的演讲都是很精彩的,对吧?
But the speeches have been amazing, right? And if I could kind of encapsulate them all, it's really been about, as far as I can see, the pace of change and what that's doing to us demographically, politically, socially, economically. Extraordinary stuff.
如果让我来概括, 以我看来,它们讲的是关于 变化的速度,以及其在人口、政治、 社会、经济上对我们的影响。 非常精彩的内容。
And I'd now like to quote from a great liberal, democrat, a friend of TED, Vladimir Lenin.
我现在想引用来自 一个伟大的自由主义者、民主主义者、 一位 TED 的朋友 弗拉基米尔·列宁的一句话。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Who said of change and crises that there are decades when nothing happens and there are weeks when decades happen. And we’re living through those weeks, you get that feeling, and it’s really difficult to know where to start to think about these ... How do you analyze this stuff? Now, if I was an American economist or a Canadian economist or, God forbid, an English economist -- Actually the nice thing is they're not good at economics anymore. It's so beautiful, isn't it?
关于变化和危机,他说, 有时候几十年里什么都不会发生, 有时候几周内会发生翻天覆地的变化。 你能感受到,我们正生活在那几周里。 而从哪里开始思考是一个难题。 应该如何分析这些事? 如果我是一个美国的经济学家, 或者一个加拿大的经济学家, 或者,千万不要,一个英国的经济学家, 其实好消息是, 他们已经不再擅长于经济领域。 太好了,不是吗?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Praise the Lord. Praise the Lord.
感谢上帝,感谢上帝。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
But I'd come here armed with the tools of my trade. You know, the graphs and the charts and the maths and all that good stuff. But I'm an Irish economist, so I'm only going to come here armed with some lines and some verses of poetry.
如果我是他们,我会 带着我的专业技能来到这里。 你知道的,像图表、图例和数字 这些好东西。 但我是一个爱尔兰的经济学家, 所以我来到这儿只带了 几句诗句。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Yeah.
真的。
(Applause)
(掌声)
Thank you very much, the poets in the corner. We're a small minority.
非常感谢您,坐在角落里的诗人。 我们是少数派。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
But perfectly formed. Now, I want to talk to you about a poem that was written in 1919 called "The Second Coming" by W.B. Yeats, our national poet. And the fascinating thing about crisis, so in 1919, 100-odd years ago -- the fascinating thing about crisis is that every generation feels that their crisis is the big one. We're kind of narcissistic about it, right? But every generation experiences crisis. Every generation, our parents, our grandparents, they all did. How we deal with the crisis is the definitive issue for our generation.
但我们麻雀虽小,五脏俱全。 我想和你们聊聊 一首写于 1919 年的诗。 题目是《再次降临》, 作者是威廉·巴特勒·叶芝, 我国的国宝诗人。 一件关于危机的趣事, 就在 1919 年, 距今一百零几年前, 关于危机的趣事是,每一代人 都认为他们经历的是最大的危机。 我们都有点自恋,对吧? 但是每一代人会经历危机。 每一代人,我们的父母,祖父母, 他们都经历过。 如何应对危机 是我们这一代人最为重要的问题。
So Yates is sitting in Dublin, 1919. He's trying to make sense of the world, right? His world is changing rapidly. The German Empire is over. The Austrian Empire is over. The Ottoman Empire is over. Ireland has declared a war of independence against Britain, which, if you were a betting man, you wouldn't really give us, not our side, you wouldn't have given us good odds. And Yeats is trying to figure out not just what is happening, but what is likely to happen.
1919 年叶芝住在都柏林。 他想了解这个世界,对吧? 他所处在的世界正飞速变化着。 德意志帝国倒了。 奥地利帝国倒了。 奥斯曼帝国倒了。 爱尔兰已经发动战争, 反对英国对爱尔兰的统治。 如果你想赌一把的话, 你不会支持我们, 你不会觉得我们能赢。 叶芝不只想弄明白正在发生什么, 还想知道未来可能会发生什么。
And he writes these words, and just listen to them and imagine they were written now. “The Second Coming.” “Turning and turning in the widening gyre / The falcon cannot hear the falconer; / Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; / Mere anarchy is loosed on the world, / A blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere / The procession of innocence is drowned; / The best lack all conviction, the worst / Are full of passionate intensity.”
他写下了这些文字,让我们来听听看, 想象这些文字写于现在。 《再次降临》 “旋转、旋转,那不断扩张的螺旋, 鹰隼听不见主人的呼唤, 万物已分崩离析; 中心已无法守住; 世界的秩序混乱, 到处泛滥,泛滥, 还有被鲜血玷污的潮水, 各地,天真的仪式早已经淹没; 优秀的人都缺乏信念, 而败类 却总是满怀激情,狂热而执着。”
Just let those words lie. “Things fall apart, the best people lack conviction, the worst are full of passionate intensity.” Now, this is Yeats writing 100 years ago, and the historical rhythm and repetition is clear, I think, to all of us. But what really interests me as an economist is the contrast between what Yeats, the poet, was saying back then and what all the economists, the people who were employed to think about the future, were saying.
仔细想想这几句话。 “万物已分崩离析”, “优秀的人都缺乏信念, 而败类,却总是满怀激情, 狂热而执着。” 这是叶芝在一百年前写下的诗句。 历史文化的节奏和重复, 对我们所有人来说都显而易见。 但作为一名经济学家, 我真正感兴趣的是, 在诗人叶芝当时所说的 与当时所有经济学家, 那些被雇佣来思考未来的人 所说的内容之间的差异。
So, Yeats said, "The center will not hold." Three years after he wrote this, three years, three to four years, Mussolini was in power in Italy, Stalin was on the ascendancy in the Soviet Union and a little, small, unprepossessing man with a mustache called Adolf Hitler had just orchestrated a putsch in Munich. Yates was right. Yates was right.
叶芝说过: “中心已无法守住。” 在他写下这句话后的三年后, 三年后,三到四年后, 墨索里尼在意大利掌权, 斯大林在苏联崛起, 一个个头不高的,不引人注目的, 留着小胡子的男人阿道夫·希特勒, 刚在慕尼黑策划了一场政变。 叶芝是对的。 叶芝是对的。
And what were all the economists saying back then? The people who were paid to think about the future? They were all saying, "Oh, don't worry, we'll go back to the gold --" Not all, the vast majority -- "We will go back to the gold standard. We'll trade again. Germany will pay all its reparations and the First World War will have been the war to end all wars." How wrong could they be?
然而当时所有的经济学家 都在说些什么呢? 那些被花钱雇来思考未来的人? 经济学家们都在说: “哦,别担心,我们会回到金本位制。” 并非所有人,但绝大多数人都在说: “我们会重返金本位制。 我们会再次进行贸易。 德国将支付所有赔款, 第一次世界大战将是结束一切战争。” 他们错得多么离谱?
So what's always bugged me is why did the poet get things so right at a tipping point, and the economists get things so wrong? And I believe it is because the poet, the artist, the musician, these types of people give themselves, at a tipping point, the permission to think unconventionally. They see the world differently.
所以一直让我困扰的是, 为什么诗人能在临界点上 做出正确的判断, 而经济学家却错得如此离谱? 我相信这是因为, 诗人、艺术家、音乐家, 这些类型的人在临界点上 允许自己不受限制地思考。 他们以不同的视角看这个世界。
Do we value the unconventional thinker? Do we? And maybe the best way to answer that question is to go all the way back to school, to the place we begin to learn.
我们重视这些有非常规思维的人吗? 我们重视吗? 也许回答这个问题的最好的方式 是回到校园, 回到我们开始学习的地方。
Now just bring yourselves back to your school days. Remember yourself at 13. Just remember the person you were. I remember the classroom. I remember the teachers, I remember the building, I remember the break, I remember everything. I remember the sports day, I remember the whole thing. In fact, there's a gang of five of us who've hung around since we were in school. And those five lads I was in school with spent the entire of our school years looking out the window They just didn't get it. They just didn't get school at all. And they've gone on to have incredibly successful lives in their own individual ways. But their intelligence, their form of intelligence, was not recognized.
现在,让我们回想一下自己的校园时光。 回想当你还是 13 岁时的样子。 回想当年的你自己。 我记得那个教室, 我记得那些老师们,那座建筑, 我记得那些课间休息时间, 我记得一切。 我记得那些运动会日, 我记得发生过的一切。 我们有一个五人组, 从上学时就一直在一起。 那五个和我一起上学的伙伴, 整个学生时代都在盯着窗外。 他们就是搞不明白学校的意义。 但他们后来都拥有了非常成功的人生, 用他们各自的方式。 但他们拥有的智慧, 当时在学校里并没有被认识到。
And as we get older, we realize the world is full of various different intelligences. But back in school, we only really recognized one type of intelligence. And that was like the little kid who could come in -- big, wide-eyed kid, right? -- he’d come in, could absorb all this information into his head or her head, opened some sort of weird compartment, stuff it all in, stuff, stuff, stuff it all in. And then, in early June, when the weather gets good in Ireland -- and I presume it’s the same all over the place except for Vancouver -- write like bejesus, right? That was the type of intelligence we rewarded. It's like getting a prize for being a walking filing cabinet, right?
当我们长大以后, 我们意识到世界充满了 各种不同类型的智慧。 但在学生时代, 我们只认可一种类型的智慧。 我们认可的是那种 睁着大大眼睛的小孩,对吧? 他来到学校,将所有他能吸收到的 信息装进他的脑袋里, 他的脑袋腾出神奇的空间, 把所有的信息都一个劲儿塞进去。 然后在六月初, 当爱尔兰的天气变好的时候, 我想除了温哥华,其它地方 这时候天气都挺好, 像疯子一样拼命书写,对吧? 那就是我们奖励的那类智慧。 我们奖励的是行走的档案柜,不是吗?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
That's one intelligence. It is an intelligence, but it's only one type of intelligence. And what about all the other kids over here, the kids who didn’t get it? ... They weren't not only recognized, their intelligence was besmirched, humiliated and belittled.
那是一种智慧。 那是种智慧,但只是 众多智慧类型中的一种。 那么,其他的孩子怎么办呢? 那些没有这种智慧的孩子? 他们的智慧非但没有被认可, 他们的智慧甚至被认为是污点, 并被羞辱与贬低。
My daughter is dyslexic. She hated every single day of school. And as a result of this system, we have a strange thing in our society where there are thousands of incredibly clever people who left school feeling stupid. But the corollary is also the case. There are many actually quite stupid people --
我的女儿患有阅读障碍症。 她每天都痛恨上学。 在这个系统下, 我们社会上发生了一件奇怪的事, 成千上万的聪明人 从学校毕业时觉得自己很蠢。 由此可推论, 实际上有许多相当愚蠢的人,
(Laughter)
(笑声)
You know where I'm going -- Who left school feeling very, very clever. And those kids, when they were really good kids, they used to get the best marks in school. In Ireland, we have a little star over the right. And of course, the teacher told them they were clever, and the priests, the nuns, and of course, their mummy told them they were clever, right? If you want to get a sense of an Irish mummy, an Irish mummy is the sort of mother that makes an American soccer mom look unambitious.
你知道我要说什么, 他们离开学校时觉得自己很聪明。 那些孩子中表现最好的, 他们曾在学校拿最好的成绩。 在爱尔兰,我们会给他们小星星,对吧。 当然,老师会告诉他们,他们很聪明。 牧师、修女们也这么夸他们, 当然他们的妈妈也告诉他们, 他们很聪明,对吧? 如果你想知道爱尔兰妈妈 是什么样的,她们是那种 让美国足球妈妈看上去没有野心的母亲。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
I know, I have one, right? I am the son of a retired schoolteacher. If anybody else in the room is the son or daughter of a schoolteacher, we can form a self-help group later on to deal with our trauma, right?
我知道,我妈妈就是这样,对吧? 我是一名退休中学教师的儿子。 如果在场有其他人是中学教师的子女, 我们可以之后组建一个互助小组 来解决我们的创伤,好吗?
But those sort of kids, they do extremely, extremely well in school, then they do very, very well in college. And then they get on, because they do very, well, on to the graduate trainee programs and they join the big banks, and they join the big firms and they join insurance companies, they join the consultancies, and they're on the fast track. They’re on the fast track career-wise.
但那种类型的孩子, 他们在中学表现的十分特别好。 然后他们在大学的表现也十分优异。 然后因为他们做得非常出色, 他们会进入实习项目,入职大银行, 进入大公司,入职保险公司, 加入咨询公司, 他们走上了人生的快车道。 在职业生涯上,他们走上了快车道。
And something weird happens as their career progresses. We like to think that we surround ourselves with people who think differently, but we don't. There's something called confirmation bias. We actually surround ourselves with people who confirm our biases. And how this works in institutions is the following.
随着他们职业生涯的发展, 一些奇怪的事情发生了。 我们常常认为我们被 拥有不同思想方式的人包围着。 但事实并非如此。 有一种叫做确认偏差的东西。 我们实际上将自己置身于 与我们观点相符的人之中。 非常规思维在机构中的应用方式如下。
We end up employing people who think like us, right? And like, if you imagine an interview process, so the person goes into the interview and there's two clever persons saying, "No, no, you're clever." "You're clever, you're amazing." "You've got that grade." "You went to that university." "I read that paper you wrote." "You're clever, clever, amazing." "Feck it, just have the job." So the interview becomes --
我们最终会雇佣那些 与我们思维相同的人,对吗? 你可以想象一下面试流程: 面试者和面试官都是聪明人, 互相吹捧说: “不,不,您很聪明。” “您可太棒了。” “哎呀,您成绩这么好。” “天哪,您毕业于那所大学。” “我拜读了您写的那篇论文。” “您很聪明,您真是太棒了。” “哎呀我去,这份工作就给您了吧。” 所以这个面试就变成了这样。
By the way, I said “feck” there. Not the other word. Feck is a sort of a linguistic version of a white lie. OK? It's used at home.
顺便说一句,我刚才 说的是“哎呀我去”(feck)。 不是另一个词。 “哎呀我去” 算是 语言学里的白色谎言。 好吗?在家庭环境中也可以使用。
Now, what actually happens is the interview process just becomes like a Tinder for people who can do algebra. OK.
那么,实际上, 面试过程变得跟交友软件一样, 只不过是给会代数的人设计的,对吧。 (笑声)
(Laughter)
于是他们都进入体制, 然后你会发现,群体思维出现了。
So they all go into the institution and then what you get, you get groupthink because everyone's thinking the same way. And of course, because these people have always been the clever kids with the right answer, they defined themselves, "I'm the person with the right answer." And what happens when you’re the person who always has the right answer? It’s very hard to be wrong. So it breeds a sort of an overconfidence.
因为每个人都在以同样的方式思考。 当然,因为这些人一直都是 总能回答正确的聪明孩子, 他们对自己的定义是: “我是那个手握正确答案的人”。 当你是那个一直拿着正确答案的人, 会发生什么呢? 你很难承认错误,对吗? 所以它滋生出了一种过度自信。
And we know that overconfidence and overconfident people can really overestimate their competence's critical moments. The thing comes from a thing called Dunning-Kruger in psychology. It's a great story. A fella goes in to rob a bank in America. Somewhere, I think Pittsburgh, down there somewhere. In the '90s, a lad goes into rob a bank, OK? He runs into the bank ... he’s got no mask, no balaclava, no nothing, right? The security camera looks at him. And he winks at it. He winks again, big smile, "Hi, how are you?" He goes in, holds up the bank, robs the thing. Goes off. Coppers, come in, look at the securities. "See this geezer, just waved to the camera. Does anyone know him?" "Oh, yeah, he lives around the corner, around the second block, sixth house, up third floor."
我们知道过度自信, 过度自信的人, 很可能在关键时刻大大高估自己的能力。 这是一个心理学概念, 叫作达克( Dunning-Kruger)效应。 这里有个好故事。 一个小伙子在美国去抢劫一家银行。 应该是在匹兹堡附近。 在上世纪九十年代, 一个小伙子去抢劫一家银行, 他跑进一家银行,监视摄像头开着, 他没有戴面具头套, 什么都没有。 监视器对着他。 他对监视器挤了挤眼。 他再次眨眼,给了一个大大的微笑: ”嗨,你好吗?“ 他走了进去,控制了这个银行, 实施了抢劫,然后转身离开。 警察来了,看了看监控录像。 “看那个怪人, 他向摄像头招手。有谁认识他吗?” “是他啊,他住在街角, 在第二个街区附近。 第六个房子,三楼。” 警察说好的,去了那里敲开了门。
So they arrive and bang on the door, the man's there, I presume, kind of eating a takeaway or something. And copper said, "We want to bang you off for the bank robbery." And he said, "How do you mean, the bank robbery?" “We’ve got you on camera for the bank robbery ... here we go.” "How do you mean?" "We've got you!" “How could you possibly know? I wore the juice!” Copper looks at him, says, “What?”
那个人就在那里, 我猜就在吃个外卖什么的。 警察说:“因为你抢劫银行, 我们要立即逮捕你。” 那个人说:“什么抢劫银行?” “我们在监视器上看到 你去银行抢劫,跟我们走。” “什么叫你看到我去银行抢劫?” “我们在监视器看到了!” “你们怎么可能知道是我? 我淋了柠檬汁!” 警察看着他说:“什么?”
Do you remember when we were kids? Invisible ink? And you put lemon juice on the invisible ink -- this is a true story -- and you disappear. Your man covered his face with lemon juice and he thought he was invisible. The overconfident overestimating their competence.
你们记得当我们还是孩子的时候, 有一种东西叫隐形墨水? 当你把柠檬汁淋在隐形墨水上—— 这是真事—— 字体就会隐形。 这个人把他的脸淋上了一层柠檬汁, 然后他就以为自己隐形了。 这个过度自信的人高估了自己的能力。
Now, when the psychologists thought about this, they actually did lots and lots of tests. And apparently it's true, that this is a thing in society. And surprise, surprise, the Dunning-Kruger effect is much more prevalent in men than women. Who would have known?
当心理学家研究这个问题时, 他们实际上做了很多很多的测试。 显然这是社会中真实发生的事情。 不出预料, 达克效应在男性中比女性更普遍。 谁能想到呢?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Shock horror. I can see it in my own family. Our son, for example, comes home, teenager, after doing an exam. Hasn't done a tap of work, right? Comes in the door and everyone in the family's in the kitchen saying, "How did you do in your exam?" And he says, "Oh, Jesus, I aced that, man, no problem." And he fails all the time.
难以置信。 我自己家里就是这样。 举个例子,我的儿子是个青少年, 考完试回到家。 什么都没复习,对吧? 他走进门来,所有在厨房的家人都问他: “你考的怎么样呀?” 然后他说:“老天爷, 我这次考得可好了。” 然后他每次都考砸了。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
All the time. So you see these things and that again it happens. And of course, how this happens in institutions is you get very overconfident people, very intelligent, can't make mistakes.
每一次。 这样的事反复发生。 当然, 这种情况在机构中发生的原因是, 你会看到非常过度自信的人, 他们十分聪明,不会犯任何错误。
And we saw that in the 2008 financial crisis. 2008, the biggest financial crisis the world has ever seen. And the vast majority of economists and the Fed and the Bank of England and the European Central Bank and Wall Street missed the whole thing. In fact, the Queen of England went to the LSC about two or three months after the crash and she said, "If you chaps were so clever, how come none of you saw this coming?"
大家在 2008 年金融危机有目共睹。 2008 年发生了史上 最严重的金融危机。 绝大多数经济学家, 以及美联储和英格兰银行, 欧洲中央银行和华尔街, 错误判断了这整个事件。 事实上,英国女王去了趟伦敦商业学院, 就在危机爆发两三个月之后。 她说:“如果你们这些家伙很聪明的话, 为什么没有任何一个人预见到这件事?”
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And she was right.
她是对的。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Because they all were wearing the juice.
因为他们都淋着柠檬汁呢。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
The economics juice. Now, JK Galbraith, very famous Canadian economist. But Galbraith said something fascinating about the conventional person. He said, "When faced with the choice between changing his mind and finding the proof not to do so, the conventional man always gets busy looking for the proof." And that's when we make big mistakes at these critical moments.
经济学版的柠檬汁。对吧? 约翰·加尔布雷斯(JK Galbraith) 是非常著名的加拿大经济学家, 但他对常规思维的人有一段精彩的评论。 他说:“是改变自己的观点, 还是为了坚持己见 给观点找证据, 一个常规思维的人总是选择后者。” 这就是我们在危机时刻 做出错误判断的原因。
Leonard Cohen, the Canadian poet, put it differently, the same idea. Cohen said, "There is a crack in everything. And that is how the light gets in." What Cohen was saying to us was, look for the cracks, look into the cracks. That's where we'll see the big picture.
莱昂纳德·科恩, 一位加拿大诗人, 说过另一句话,内容相似。 科恩说: “所有的东西都有裂痕。 光就是这么照进来的。“ 科恩的话告诉我们, 要寻找裂缝,透过裂缝往里看。 这样我们才能看到全局。
So let’s just leave the Canadian poet, go back to an Irish poet. The words of "The Second Coming" again, our world right now. “Turning and turning in the widening gyre / The falcon cannot hear the falconer; / Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; / Mere anarchy is loosed on the world, / A blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere, / The procession of innocence is drowned.” And why, says Yeats? Because the best lack all conviction and the worst are full of passionate intensity.
让我们从这位加拿大诗人的话, 回到爱尔兰诗人的诗句中。 《再次降临》中的诗句再一次 映射了我们现在的世界。 “旋转、旋转,那不断扩张的螺旋, 鹰隼听不见主人的呼唤, 万物已分崩离析; 中心已无法守住; 世界的秩序混乱, 到处泛滥, 泛滥,还有被鲜血玷污的潮水, 各地,天真的仪式早已经淹没。” 叶芝继续问:为什么会这样? 因为“优秀的人都缺乏信念, 而败类却总是满怀激情,狂热而执着。”
Now apply that to our world. And if you, at this tipping point say, "Nah, you know, it's not my problem, I lack all conviction." Right? “I go and watch baseball,” or rounders or whatever that game is you guys watch, right? But if you lack all conviction, what actually happens is the worst people in our society, with their passionate intensity, their certitude, their simple ideas, they will win the day at this tipping point. And they will win the day because the best people back away from the responsibility.
现在把这些映射到我们的世界。 如果你在当下这个转折点说: “哎呀,问题不在我。 我也缺乏信念呀。”对吧? “我不过就是看看棒球赛。” 或者跑柱式棒球赛啥的,对吗? 但如果你缺乏信念, 实际发生的是,我们社会中最糟糕的人, 以他们热情的强度, 他们的自信,他们简单的想法, 他们将在这个转折点获胜。 他们会赢得胜利, 因为最优秀的人会退出, 为了逃避责任。
And what Yates was also saying about the best people was the following. He said, mandate the best. The poets, the artists, the musicians, because they are the people who see the possibilities. They see the possibilities because they see the world from a different angle. They have to be part of the solution.
关于最聪明的人, 叶芝还说了以下的内容: “赋予最聪明的人权利。” 诗人,艺术家, 音乐家, 因为他们是看到可能性的人。 他们能看到可能性, 因为他们从不同的角度看这个世界。 他们必须是解决方案的一部分。
So my idea that I think is worth spreading is the following. If you want to understand the world a little bit more clearly, listen less to my tribe, the economists, and listen more to Yeats's tribe, the poets.
所以我的想法是, 我认为值得传播的信息如下: 如果你想更清楚地了解这个世界, 少听我们这群经济学家们的意见, 多听听叶芝这样的诗人们的声音。
Thank you very much.
谢谢。
(Applause)
(掌声)
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。