I wanted to talk to you today about creative confidence. I'm going to start way back in the third grade at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio.
今日我想同你哋講有關創作自信嘅嘢 由我三年班開始講起 嗰時我喺俄亥俄州巴伯頓嘅 奧克戴爾學校返學
I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project. He was making a horse out of the clay our teacher kept under the sink. And at one point, one of the girls that was sitting at his table, seeing what he was doing, leaned over and said to him, "That's terrible. That doesn't look anything like a horse." And Brian's shoulders sank. And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin. I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again.
我記得有一日 我最好嘅朋友布萊恩喺度整緊一個模型 佢用黏土整緊隻馬 平時老師擺啲黏土喺鋅盆下面 唔知幾時,有個坐喺佢隔離嘅女仔 一路睇佢做緊咩嘢 埃過去,同佢講︰ 「嗰堆嘢都唔似馬嘅,真係差嘞」 布萊恩縮埋膀頭 將黏土馬搓埋一舊,揼咗落垃圾桶度 從此我再無見過布萊恩做類似嘅模型
And I wonder how often that happens, you know? It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class, a lot of them want to come up after class and tell me about their similar experience, how a teacher shut them down, or how a student was particularly cruel to them. And then some kind of opt out of thinking of themselves as creative at that point. And I see that opting out that happens in childhood, and it moves in and becomes more ingrained, even, by the time you get to adult life.
但我想問佢呢種事係唔係幾常發生 每次我同我班學生講布萊恩嘅故仔 好多學生好似都想落堂之後留低 同我講返佢哋類似嘅經驗 講老師點樣貶低佢哋 或者某個同學對佢特別唔友善 而有啲學生甚至因為咁 而之後唔再認為自己有創意 我發現喺童年時否定自己有創意 到大個只會令呢種諗法更加根深柢固
So we see a lot of this. When we have a workshop or when we have clients in to work with us side by side, eventually we get to the point in the process that's kind of fuzzy or unconventional. And eventually, these big-shot executives whip out their BlackBerrys and they say they have to make really important phone calls, and they head for the exits. And they're just so uncomfortable. When we track them down and ask them what's going on, they say something like, "I'm just not the creative type." But we know that's not true. If they stick with the process, if they stick with it, they end up doing amazing things. And they surprise themselves at just how innovative they and their teams really are.
我哋見過好多呢類嘅例子 當我哋有個工作坊 或者客人同我哋一齊做某個項目 我哋總會去到一個地步 就係迷失或者遇到少見嘅情況 最後嗰啲高層就會攞部黑莓手機出嚟 話要打好重要嘅電話 然後走咗 佢哋感到唔自在 當我哋追問佢哋發生咗咩事 佢哋講埋曬啲「我唔係創意型人」嘅嘢 但係我哋知道,佢哋講嘅唔係真嘅 如果佢哋堅持落去,堅持成個過程 最終佢哋會做到大嘢出嚟 同埋佢哋會驚訝佢哋自己 同埋團隊可以幾咁有創意
So I've been looking at this fear of judgment that we have, that you don't do things, you're afraid you're going to be judged; if you don't say the right creative thing, you're going to be judged. And I had a major breakthrough, when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura.
所以我一直研究緊呢種怕被人審嘅恐懼 即係你唔做嘢係因為驚被人審 你怕因為講唔出 「正確創意嘅嘢」而被審 當我見過心理學家阿爾波特.班杜拉 我有一個大突破
I don't know if you know Albert Bandura, but if you go to Wikipedia, it says that he's the fourth most important psychologist in history -- you know, like Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura.
我唔知你識唔識阿爾波特.班杜拉 但係你去睇下維基百科 維基百科話,佢係歷史上 第四個最重要嘅心理學家 好似弗洛伊德、史金納、某學者 同埋班都那咁重要
(Laughter)
Bandura is 86 and he still works at Stanford. And he's just a lovely guy.
班都那今年 86 歲仍然喺史丹福工作 佢真係好得意
So I went to see him, because he's just worked on phobias for a long time, which I'm very interested in. He had developed this way, this, kind of, methodology, that ended up curing people in a very short amount of time, like, in four hours. He had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias. And we talked about snakes -- I don't know why -- we talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia.
由於佢長時間研究恐懼症 而我對呢個題目好有興趣 所以我走去揾佢 佢發展咗呢種方法 可以喺好短時間入面醫好病人 喺四個鐘頭入面 佢醫好恐懼症嘅比率相當之高 我同佢講到蛇 但我唔知點解我哋會講蛇 我哋講到蛇同怕蛇嘅恐懼症
And it was really enjoyable, really interesting. He told me that he'd invite the test subject in, and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room and we're going to go in there." To which, he reported, most of them replied, "Hell no! I'm not going in there, certainly if there's a snake in there."
同佢真係好好傾 傾嘅內容都非常之有趣 佢同我講,佢曾經召募過參加者 然後同佢哋講︰「你知嘛, 隔離房有條蛇喺度, 而家我哋準備入去。」 佢話,大多數嘅受訪者回答 「千奇唔好。如果入面有條蛇喺度, 我肯定唔會入去㗎。」
But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful. So he'd take people to this two-way mirror looking into the room where the snake was. And he'd get them comfortable with that. Then through a series of steps, he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway with the door open, and they'd be looking in there. And he'd get them comfortable with that. And then many more steps later, baby steps, they'd be in the room, they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on, and they'd eventually touch the snake. And when they touched the snake, everything was fine. They were cured. In fact, everything was better than fine. These people who had lifelong fears of snakes were saying things like, "Look how beautiful that snake is." And they were holding it in their laps.
但係班都那有一個百發百中嘅方法 可以一步一步帶啲參加者 去到呢塊單向透明鏡 望入去有條蛇嘅嗰間房 等佢哋覺得自在啲 然後經過一連串嘅步驟 佢帶啲人企喺門口,打開度門 畀佢哋望入去房入面 令佢哋感覺自在啲 之後佢仲一步一步做咗好多微小嘅嘢 最後佢哋入咗間房 帶住一隻好似焊接工用嘅皮手套摸條蛇 當佢哋摸條蛇嗰時,一切正常 佢哋嘅恐懼症冇咗 所有嘢都解決晒 呢班人以前成日都驚蛇 依家就講「睇下條蛇幾靚」 佢哋仲擺條蛇响膝頭度
Bandura calls this process "guided mastery." I love that term: guided mastery. And something else happened. These people who went through the process and touched the snake ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives. They tried harder, they persevered longer, and they were more resilient in the face of failure. They just gained a new confidence. And Bandura calls that confidence "self-efficacy," the sense that you can change the world and that you can attain what you set out to do.
班都那叫呢個過程做「引導式精熟」 我鍾意呢個術語 呢班經歷咗個過程同埋摸過條蛇嘅人 往後對生活中其他嘅嘢都少咗焦慮 佢哋更加努力、更加堅持 而且面對失敗時更加有韌性 佢哋得到「新嘅自信」 班都那叫呢種自信做自我效能 嗰種感覺係,你能夠改變世界 同埋你可以達到嗰啲定咗嘅目標
Well, meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me, because I realized that this famous scientist had documented and scientifically validated something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years: that we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative, and we could take them through a series of steps, kind of like a series of small successes, and they turn fear into familiarity. And they surprise themselves. That transformation is amazing.
同班都那見面,真係舒暢 因為我知道呢個出名嘅科學家 用文獻記低同埋用科學方法證明咗 一件我哋三十年嚟見到嘅嘢 就係我哋可以通過一系列步驟 好似係一連串小小嘅創舉 令嗰啲一路覺得自己唔夠創意嘅人 睇住自己可以有幾咁創意 所以呢個轉變真係勁 我哋喺史丹福大學設計學院 成日都見到唔同學科嘅人
We see it at the d.school all the time. People from all different kinds of disciplines, they think of themselves as only analytical. And they come in and they go through the process, our process, they build confidence and now they think of themselves differently. And they're totally emotionally excited about the fact that they walk around thinking of themselves as a creative person.
佢哋覺得自己剩係得分析能力 於是佢哋嚟參加我哋成個訓練 完成之後,佢哋建立咗信心 依家佢哋會諗 佢哋唔同咗 每次佢哋諗自己係有創意嘅人嘅時候 佢哋都會好開心
So I thought one of the things I'd do today is take you through and show you what this journey looks like. To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz. Doug Dietz is a technical person. He designs large medical imaging equipment. He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career. But at one point, he had a moment of crisis.
所以我諗我今日做嘅其中一樣嘢 就係帶你哋體驗下呢個轉變嘅歷程 對我嚟講,個歷程好似 Doug Dietz 一樣 Doug Dietz 係一個科技人員 佢設計大型醫學影像設備 佢喺通用電汽返工,佢嘅事業無可限量 但係有一次,佢經歷過一刹那嘅危機
He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use, when he saw a young family, and this little girl. And that little girl was crying and was terrified. And Doug was really disappointed to learn that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine. And this was really disappointing to Doug, because before this time, he was proud of what he did. He was saving lives with this machine. But it really hurt him to see the fear that this machine caused in kids.
當佢喺醫院睇住佢設計嘅 磁力共振掃描機運作 佢遇見一個年輕家庭 當中有個細路女 個細路女好驚、喺度喊 當 Doug Dietz 發現 原來呢間醫院近八成兒科病人 喺用佢設計嘅磁力共振掃描機之前 都要食咗鎮靜劑先 佢覺得好失望 因為一路而嚟 佢都為佢所做啲嘢感到自豪 佢以為佢一直用緊呢部機拯救生命 但當佢見到部磁力共振掃描機 嚇親啲小朋友 佢深受打擊
About that time, he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes. He was learning about our process, about design thinking, about empathy, about iterative prototyping. And he would take this new knowledge and do something quite extraordinary. He would redesign the entire experience of being scanned. And this is what he came up with.
嗰陣時,佢喺史丹福設計學院返學 佢學緊我哋關於設計思考、同情心 同迭代原形嘅方法 佢想用呢啲新知識去做一啲非凡嘅嘢 於是佢重新設計成個掃描過程 呢個就係佢用嘅新方法
(Laughter)
佢將成個掃描程序 變成細路嘅探險旅程
He turned it into an adventure for the kids. He painted the walls and he painted the machine, and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids, like children's museum people. And now when the kid comes, it's an experience. And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship. And when they come, they say, "OK, you're going to go into the pirate ship, but be very still, because we don't want the pirates to find you."
佢畫啲公仔喺幅牆同埋喺部掃描機度 佢叫識得氹細路嘅人 例如兒童博物館嘅工作人員 去訓練操作員 依家啲細路嚟到好似一個遊樂場咁 職員會將噪音同埋機器包裝成一個故事 所以當啲細路嚟到,佢哋會同佢哋講 「你一陣入去嗰隻海盜船度, 但係要好靜,唔好郁, 因為我哋唔想海盜揾到你。」
And the results were super dramatic: from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated, to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated. And the hospital and GE were happy, too, because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time, and they could put more kids through the machine in a day. So the quantitative results were great. But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative. He was with one of the mothers waiting for her child to come out of the scan. And when the little girl came out of her scan, she ran up to her mother and said, "Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?"
個效果超好 由八成細路需要食鎮靜劑 到而家只有一成細路要食鎮靜劑 醫院同通用電氣都好高興 因為唔使每次都叫埋麻醉師嚟 而且日日又可以同多啲細路檢查 所以出嚟嘅效果好好 但係 Doug Dietz 關心嘅係質量嘅結果 於是佢陪其中一個媽媽 等佢個細路女掃描完出嚟 當細路女出嚟嘅時候 細路女走去媽媽度,問媽媽 「媽咪,我哋聽日可唔可以再嚟過呀?」
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
And so, I've heard Doug tell the story many times of his personal transformation and the breakthrough design that happened from it, but I've never really seen him tell the story of the little girl without a tear in his eye.
Doug Dietz 講過好多次 佢嘅個人轉變 同埋之後嘅突破性設計 每次佢講呢個細路女嘅故仔 佢都眼濕濕
Doug's story takes place in a hospital. I know a thing or two about hospitals. A few years ago, I felt a lump on the side of my neck. It was my turn in the MRI machine. It was cancer, it was the bad kind. I was told I had a 40 percent chance of survival.
Doug Dietz 嘅故事喺醫院發生 我對醫院都咯知一二 幾年前,我條頸側邊有塊腫肉 嗰時輪到我去做磁力共振掃描 嚿腫肉係腫瘤,係好惡嗰種 有人同我講,我嘅生存率剩得四成
So while you're sitting around with the other patients, in your pajamas, and everybody's pale and thin --
所以當你着著件睡衣 坐喺其他病人嘅身邊 見到個個都面黃肌瘦
(Laughter)
而你喺度等緊電療
you know? -- and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays, you think of a lot of things. Mostly, you think about: Am I going to survive? And I thought a lot about: What was my daughter's life going to be like without me? But you think about other things. I thought a lot about: What was I put on Earth to do? What was my calling? What should I do? I was lucky because I had lots of options. We'd been working in health and wellness, and K-12, and the developing world. so there were lots of projects that I could work on. But then I decided and committed at this point, to the thing I most wanted to do, which was to help as many people as possible regain the creative confidence they lost along their way. And if I was going to survive, that's what I wanted to do. I survived, just so you know.
你會諗好多嘢 你哋經常諗嘅係,我會唔會生存落去? 而我諗得最多嘅係 我個女無咗我會點? 但係你哋會諗下其他嘅嘢 我諗咗好多嘢,譬如︰ 我嚟呢個世界係做咩嘢㗎 我有咩使命;我應該做啲咩嘢… 我好幸運,因為我有好多選擇 我做過醫療保健界 做過幼兒園到中六嘅教育 仲有發展中國家嘅工作 所以我有好多項目可以做 但係呢一刻 我決定要專注做我最想做嘅嘢 就係盡量幫最多嘅人 令佢地重拾失去咗嘅創作自信 如果我有命生存落去 呢樣就係我想做嘅嘢 我依然生存,正如你所見
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
(Applause)
(掌聲)
I really believe that when people gain this confidence -- and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO -- that they actually start working on the things that are really important in their lives. We see people quit what they're doing and go in new directions. We see them come up with more interesting -- and just more -- ideas, so they can choose from better ideas. And they just make better decisions.
我真係相信 當人重拾呢份自信心 即係我哋成日喺史丹福設計學院 同 IDEO 見到嘅自信心 佢哋就會認真開始做 一啲佢哋生命中重要嘅嘢 我哋見到啲人唔再做舊嘅嘢 開始新嘅嘢 並且有更加有趣、更加多嘅諗法 從而可以揀比較好嘅諗法 做更加好嘅決定
I know at TED, you're supposed to have a change-the-world kind of thing, isn't that -- everybody has a change-the-world thing? If there is one for me, this is it, to help this happen. So I hope you'll join me on my quest, you as, kind of, thought leaders. It would be really great if you didn't let people divide the world into the creatives and the non-creatives, like it's some God-given thing, and to have people realize that they're naturally creative, and that those natural people should let their ideas fly; that they should achieve what Bandura calls self-efficacy, that you can do what you set out to do, and that you can reach a place of creative confidence and touch the snake.
我知道喺 TED,你係想做嘢改變世界 每個人都有啲嘢想改變世界 對我來講,呢樣嘢係幫人重拾創作自信 我希望你哋可以成為有諗頭嘅人 同我一齊令呢樣嘢發生 如果你哋令呢個世界 唔再分為有創意同無創意 令人相信創意變成係天賦嘅 咁世界就美妙嘞 讓所有人嘅意念都可以隨意飛揚 真正實現班都那講嗰種自我效能 令每個人都能夠做到訂下嘅目標 並且做到創作自信 所以,去摸下條蛇啦!
Thank you.
多謝
(Applause)
(掌聲)