Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union, a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object through a desolate countryside. With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere by being the first to conquer outer space. The rocket was huge. And packed in its nose was a silver ball with two radios inside.
50年以前在前苏联 一队工程师秘密移动一个庞大的物体(火箭) 通过荒原。 利用这个物体(火箭),第一次征服外太空 他们希望能够引起世界各地人们的关注。 火箭非常庞大 在火箭的顶端搭载了一个银球 银球中有两台无线电。
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket. One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time: "We are about to create a new planet that we will call Sputnik. In the olden days, explorers like Vasco da Gama and Columbus had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe. Now we have the good fortune to open up space. And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
1957年10月4日他们发射了火箭 那时其中的某位俄罗斯科学家写道: “我们将会创造一个新的行球 并将其命名为“Sputnik” (苏联人造卫星) 在过去的日子里,探险者们 如瓦斯科.达伽马和哥伦布 都曾经有幸开拓了地球 而现在我们将有幸开拓宇宙空间。 未来的人们将会羡慕我们的成就。”
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature, which is just about completed. It tells the story of Sputnik, and the story of what happened to America as a result. For days after the launch, Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity. A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens, it inspired awe and pride that humans had finally launched an object into space.
您正在观看的是来自电影“人造卫星”的片段 这是我刚完成的第五部纪录长片 它讲述了苏联人造卫星的故事 以及它对美国所带来的影响 在人造卫星发射之后的一段时间里 苏联人造卫星成为了关注的焦点。 人造月亮在星空中肉眼可见 它激发了敬畏和骄傲 人类终于能够将物体发射到太空中了。
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday, the media and the politicians told us, and we believed, that Sputnik was proof that our enemy had beaten us in science and technology, and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs, using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
但是仅仅三天之后,这天他们称为红色星期一 媒体和政治家们告诉我们 人造卫星证明了 我们的敌人 在科技上超越了我们 并且他们能够将人造卫星用作IBM (洲际导弹) 利用将人造卫星运载火箭作为IBM(ICBM洲际导弹)。
All hell broke loose. Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America -- historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11. It provoked the missile gap. It exploded an arms race. It began the space race. Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases, and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons to 20,000. And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
所有的一切变得一团糟。 苏联人造卫星很快成为冲击美国的三个震惊之一 历史学家称它可与珍珠港或9/11事件相提并论 它引出了美苏两国导弹力量差距(missile gap)的观点。 并因此引发了两国之间的军备竞赛。 从此太空竞赛拉开帷幕。 一年之内,国会大幅度提高了军事预算 我们将核武器数量从1200枚 大幅度地提高到了2万枚。 人造卫星的影响不仅仅在武器数量增长上。
For example, some here will remember this day, June 1958, the National Civil Defense Drill, where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground. Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans believed that a nuclear war would happen, and that at least 50 percent of our population was going to be killed.
例如,在座的各位也许记得 1958年6月的这一天 进行了国家民防演习 78个城市的数以千万计居民躲进了地下。 或者盖洛普民意调查显示七成美国人 相信未来将会发生核战争 并且至少我们一半人口 将会死于战争。
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well. For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship because of Sputnik. Support for engineering, math and science -- education in general -- boomed. And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik led directly to ARPA, and the Internet, and, of course, NASA.
但是人造卫星同样也引起了令人高兴的变化。 例如,在座中也许有人因为人造卫星 而获得奖学金进入大学。 对工程,数学和科学的支持 使教育得到了长足发展 并且温顿.瑟夫认为人造卫星 直接导致了ARPA(美国国防高级研究计划局)以及互联网 和NASA(美国国家航空航天局)的诞生。
My feature documentary shows how a free society can be stampeded by those who know how to use media. But it also shows how we can turn what appears at first to be a bad situation, into something that was overall very good for America. "Sputnik" will soon be released.
我的纪录片将会展示自由的社会是 如何被善于利用媒体的人所蛊惑。 但它也展示了我们如何 从最初认为的坏局面 慢慢地转变成为对美国有利的事件的。 “人造卫星”将会很快上映
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank one of my investors: longtime TEDster, Jay Walker. And I'd like to thank you all.
最后,我想利用此机会感谢 我们的投资者之一: 永远的TEDster,杰.沃克 感谢您们的倾听
(Applause).
(掌声)
Thank you, Chris.
谢谢你,克里斯