We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea, and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world. And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights -- a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association -- was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals, and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
Tayo ay sisisid sa kailaliman ng dagat, at alam ng sinumang nakaranas na ng pagkakataong ganito na sa loob ng dalawa at kalahating oras doon sa ilalim, kulay itim lang talaga ang makikita mo. Sa may bintana makakakita ka ng mga pinakamahiwagang hayop na hindi mo maipaliwanag: kumukutikutitap -- isang mundo ng bioluminescence, na parang mga alitaptap. Si Dr. Edith Widder -- nasa Ocean Research and Conservation Association na siya ngayon -- nakabuo siya ng isang kamera na nakunan ang ilan sa mga magagandang hayop na ito, at 'yan ang nasa harap niyo ngayon.
That's all bioluminescence. Like I said: just like fireflies. There's a flying turkey under a tree.
Lahat ng 'yan ay bioluminescence. Gaya ng sabi ko, parang alitaptap. Ayan, may lumilipad na pabo sa ilalim ng puno. (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Ang kasanayan ko ay sa heolohiya. Pero gusto ko rin 'yan.
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that. And you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is just positively amazing. And a lot of what goes on inside -- There's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes. Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize, these lovely patterns. And then this last one, one of my favorites, this pinwheel design. Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
Makikita niyo na ilan sa mga bioluminescence ay ginagamit upang umiwas sa predator, ilan ay upang akitin ang prey, ngunit ang lahat ng ito, sa ngalan ng sining, ay talagang nakakamangha. At marami pang bagay ang nangyayari ... may isda na may matang kumikinang, pumipintig. Ilan sa mga kulay ay para mangbighani, napakagandang disenyo. Hetong panghuli, isa sa mga paborito ko, may disenyong pinwheel. Talagang nakakamangha, sa bawat pagsisid.
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent of what's out there in the ocean. Already we've found the world's highest mountains, the world's deepest valleys, underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls -- a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. And in a place where we thought no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that we don't know much about this planet at all. There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
'Yan ang mundong hindi pa natin nakikilala, at sa ngayon, 3 porsiyento pa lang ng buong karagatan ang nasisiyasat. Sa ngayon nahanap na natin ang mga pinakamataas na bundok, pinakamalalim na lambak, mga lawa at talon sa ilalim ng dagat -- na naibahagi na namin sa inyo mula sa entablado. Sa isang lugar na akala natin ay walang buhay, nakatuklas tayo ng maraming nabubuhay, iba-iba at sagana nang higit pa sa ating kagubatan, at ibig sabihin hindi pa natin nakilala ang ating planeta ng lubusan. Sa 97 porsyentong natitira, maaring walang laman 'yon o may dalang sopresa. Pumunta naman tayo ngayon sa mababaw na parte ng dagat
But I want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively amazing. Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly.
at panoorin itong mga nilalang na sadyang kahanga-hanga. Mga cephalopods -- head-foots. Calamari lang ang tawag ko sa kanila nung bata ako. (Tawanan) Ito ay isang pugita --
(Laughter)
This is an octopus. This is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab, and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can, with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. Here's an octopus moving across the reef, finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background. Tough thing to do.
gawa ito ni Dr. Roger Hanlon sa Marine Biological Lab -- at sadyang kamangha-mangha ang mga cephalopod kung paano nila nakikita ang paligid, gamit ang kahanga-hangang mata, ang mga ilaw, ang mga disenyo. Ito ay pugita na palipat-lipat sa coral reef, pupwesto, babaluktot, at biglang mawawala sa paningin. Napakahirap gawin.
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid. Now males, when they fight, if they're really aggressive, they turn white. And these two males are fighting. They do it by bouncing their butts together, which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left and a female on the right, and the male has managed to split his coloration so the female only always sees the kinder, gentler squid in him.
Sunod, makikita naman natin ang dalawang pugita. Ito ay mga pusit. Ang mga lalaki, kapag sila'y nakikipag-away, nagiging agresibo, nagkukulay puti. Hetong dalawang lalaki ay nag-aaway, pinag-uuntog nila ang puwet sa isa't isa, na nakakatawang isipin. Heto naman, lalaki ang nasa kaliwa at babae ang nasa kanan, at pansinin na dalawa ang kulay ng lalaki at iisang kulay lang ang nakikita ng babae.
(Laughter)
Hetong lalaki naman ... (Tawanan) Tingnan natin ulit.
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration: white on the right, brown on the left. He takes a step back, he's keeping off the other males by splitting his body, and comes up on the other side -- Bingo! Now, I'm told that's not not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
Sige panoorin natin ulit. Pansinin ang kulay: puti sa kanan, kayumanggi sa kaliwa. Aatras siya ng kaunti -- tinataboy niya ang ibang lalaki kaya hinati niya ang katawan niya -- at sa kabilang bahagi ... Bingo! May nakagsabi sa'kin na hindi lang squid ang gumagawa niyan, pero wala akong alam diyan. (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish. And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here. But they can do pretty amazing things, too. Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and watch his tentacles -- he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae. Disappears right into the background. Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting. Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods; they know not to hurt each other. But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin. That's an amazing thing.
Pusit lumot. Gusto ko ang pusit lumot. Ito ay isang Giant Australian Cuttlefish. Ayan siya, maliliit at inaantok na mga mata. May ilang bagay na ginagawa ito na nakakamangha. Panoorin niyo siya na magtatago sa siwang, tingnan niyo ang mga galamay -- iaatras niya, at magmumukhang lumot. Biglang nawawala sa paningin. Talagang kahanga-hanga. Heto naman ang 2 lalaking nag-aaway. Matatalino sila, mga cephalopods; hindi sila nanakit kapag nag-aaway. Pansinin ang disenyo sa kanilang balat. Talagang kahanga-hanga.
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move, because predators can see them. This guy can make himself look like a rock, and, looking at his environment, can actually slide across the bottom, using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen. His motion blends right into the background -- the moving rock trick.
Heto ang isang pugita. Minsan ayaw nilang mapansin habang gumagalaw dahil nakikita sila ng mga predator. Heto, ang isang 'to ay nag-anyong bato, at, habang tumitingin sa paligid, ay dahan-dahang gumagapang, at sinasabayan ang mga alon at anino upang hindi mapansin. Sumasabay sa paligid ang paggalaw niya -- ang gumagalaw na bato. Marami tayong natutunan sa mababaw na parte ng dagat.
So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water. Still exploring the deep, but learning lots from the shallow water. There's a good reason why: the shallow water's full of predators -- here's a barracuda -- and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod, you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
Mainam na magsaliksik sa ilalim, pero marami ring natutunan sa mababaw na parte ng dagat. May dahilan 'yan: sa mababaw na parte ng dagat marami ang predators -- heto ang isang barakuda -- at kung ikaw ay pugita o cephalopod, nanaisin mong gamiting ang iyong paligid para magtago.
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom. And you see that an octopus would stand out very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage, use your skin to change color and texture. Here's some algae in the foreground -- and an octopus. Ain't that amazing?
Ang susunod nating papanoorin, mga napakagandang koral. At makikita mo na ang isang pugita na lilitaw kung hind niya gagamitin ang camouflage, gamit ang balat na nagbabago ng kulay at gaspang. Heto ang ilang lumot sa harapan ... at ang pugita. Kamangha-mangha, 'di ba? Natakot yata ni Roger
Now, Roger spooked him, so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he lands, the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen. The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get." That big brown makes his eyespot very big. So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards. I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me. I thought it was all graphics. So here it is in reverse. Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture. Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae. One, two, three.
kaya kumaripas ng langoy, nag-iwan ng tinta, at nang lalapag na ang pugita sabi niya, "Naku nakita niya ako. Pinakamainam siguro lakihan ko ang katawan ko." Nagmumukhang napakalaki ng mata niya dahil sa kayumangging 'yon. Siyempre, nanloloko lang siya. Tingnan natin ng pabalik -- Noong una ko 'tong nakita akala ko binibiro lang ako. Akala ko nasa graphics lang -- kaya ito ang pabalik. Panoorin ang kulay ng balat; ang gaspang ng balat. Kahanga-hangang hayop, nagbabago ang kulay at gaspang nang gaya ng paligid. Panoorin mo habang ginagaya niya ang lumot. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. (Palakpakan)
(Applause)
Ngayon wala na siya, at ako ang susunod. Maraming salamat.
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
(Applause)