(Applause) David Gallo: This is Bill Lange. I'm Dave Gallo. And we're going to tell you some stories from the sea here in video. We've got some of the most incredible video of Titanic that's ever been seen, and we're not going to show you any of it. (Laughter)
(Pljesak) David Gallo: Ovo je Bill Lange, Ja sam Dave Gallo. I mi ćemo vam ispričati nekoliko priča iz mora u ovom videu. Imamo neke od najnevjerojatnijih videa Titanika koji su ikad viđeni, ali nećemo vam nijedan od njih pokazati. (Smijeh)
The truth of the matter is that the Titanic -- even though it's breaking all sorts of box office records -- it's not the most exciting story from the sea. And the problem, I think, is that we take the ocean for granted. When you think about it, the oceans are 75 percent of the planet. Most of the planet is ocean water. The average depth is about two miles. Part of the problem, I think, is we stand at the beach, or we see images like this of the ocean, and you look out at this great big blue expanse, and it's shimmering and it's moving and there's waves and there's surf and there's tides, but you have no idea for what lies in there. And in the oceans, there are the longest mountain ranges on the planet. Most of the animals are in the oceans. Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes are in the sea, at the bottom of the sea. The biodiversity and the biodensity in the ocean is higher, in places, than it is in the rainforests. It's mostly unexplored, and yet there are beautiful sights like this that captivate us and make us become familiar with it.
Istina je da Titanik zapravo -- iako ruši svakojake rekorde na blagajnama -- nije najuzbudljivija priča iz mora. Mislim da je problem u tome što ocean uzimamo zdravo za gotovo. Kada razmislite, oceani čine 75% planeta. Većina planeta je oceanska voda. Prosječna dubina je oko 3 kilometra. Mislim da je dio problema što kad stojimo na plaži, ili vidimo ovakve slike oceana, i pogledate ovo veliko plavo prostranstvo, koje se svjetluca i kreće se, a tu su i valovi, lomovi valova i morske mijene, ali nemate pojma što se u njemu krije. A u oceanima se nalaze najdulji planinski lanci na planetu. Većina životinja je u oceanu. Većina potresa i vulkana je u moru, na dnu mora. Bioraznolikost i gustoća naseljenosti u oceanima su veće, mjestimice, nego u prašumama. Većinom je neistražen, a opet ima prekrasnih prizora, kao što je ovaj, koji nas očaravaju i potiču da se upoznamo s njim.
But when you're standing at the beach, I want you to think that you're standing at the edge of a very unfamiliar world. We have to have a very special technology to get into that unfamiliar world. We use the submarine Alvin and we use cameras, and the cameras are something that Bill Lange has developed with the help of Sony. Marcel Proust said, "The true voyage of discovery is not so much in seeking new landscapes as in having new eyes." People that have partnered with us have given us new eyes, not only on what exists -- the new landscapes at the bottom of the sea -- but also how we think about life on the planet itself.
Ali kada stojite na plaži, želim da budete svjesni da stojite na rubu jednog veoma nepoznatog svijeta. Moramo imati vrlo posebnu tehnologiju da bismo ušli u taj nepoznati svijet. Koristimo podmornicu Alvin i ove kamere, a kamere je razvio Bill Lange uz pomoć Sony-a. Marcel Proust je rekao: "Pravi put otkrića nije sadržan u traženju novih vidika, već u gledanju iz novih očiju." Ljudi koji surađuju s nama dali su nam nove oči, ne samo za ono što postoji -- nove vidike na dnu mora -- nego i za način na koji razmišljamo o životu na samom planetu.
Here's a jelly. It's one of my favorites, because it's got all sorts of working parts. This turns out to be the longest creature in the oceans. It gets up to about 150 feet long. But see all those different working things? I love that kind of stuff. It's got these fishing lures on the bottom. They're going up and down. It's got tentacles dangling, swirling around like that. It's a colonial animal. These are all individual animals banding together to make this one creature. And it's got these jet thrusters up in front that it'll use in a moment, and a little light. If you take all the big fish and schooling fish and all that, put them on one side of the scale, put all the jelly-type of animals on the other side, those guys win hands down.
Evo meduze. Među mojim omiljenima je zato što ima svakakve radne dijelove tijela. Ispada da je to najdulje biće u oceanima. Doseže i do 45 metara duljine. Ali vidite li sve te različite radne dijelove? Volim takve stvari. Ima ove mamce za pecanje na dnu. Kreću se gore i dolje. Ima krakove koji mlataraju, vitlaju se ovako. To je kolonijalna životinja. To su pojedinačne životinje povezane zajedno u ovo jedno biće. I ima ove mlaznice naprijed koje će za tren koristiti, i malo svjetlo. Ako uzmete sve velike ribe i ribe jatarice i sve to, stavite ih na jedan kraj vage, stavite sve životinje poput meduze na drugi kraj, ovi će ih lako pobijediti.
Most of the biomass in the ocean is made out of creatures like this. Here's the X-wing death jelly. (Laughter) The bioluminescence -- they use the lights for attracting mates and attracting prey and communicating. We couldn't begin to show you our archival stuff from the jellies. They come in all different sizes and shapes.
Većina biomase u oceanu sastoji se od ovakvih bića. Ovo je smrtonosna meduza s X-krilima. (Smijeh) Bioluminiscencija -- koriste svjetla da bi privukle partnere za parenje i lovinu te za komunikaciju. Bolje da vam ni ne počnemo pokazivati naše arhivske snimke meduza. Ima ih svih mogućih veličina i oblika.
Bill Lange: We tend to forget about the fact that the ocean is miles deep on average, and that we're real familiar with the animals that are in the first 200 or 300 feet, but we're not familiar with what exists from there all the way down to the bottom. And these are the types of animals that live in that three-dimensional space, that micro-gravity environment that we really haven't explored. You hear about giant squid and things like that, but some of these animals get up to be approximately 140, 160 feet long. They're very little understood.
Bill Lange: Obično zaboravimo da su oceani u prosjeku duboki više kilometara i da smo dobro upoznati sa životinjama u prvih 300 ili 400 metara dubine, ali nismo upoznati s onim što postoji odande pa sve do dna. A to su vrste životinja koje žive u tom trodimenzionalnom prostoru, tom okolišu s mikro-gravitcijom koji zapravo nismo istražili. Čujete za divovske lignje i takve stvari, ali neke od tih životinja narastu i do 40, 50 metara duljine. Jako se malo o njima zna.
DG: This is one of them, another one of our favorites, because it's a little octopod. You can actually see through his head. And here he is, flapping with his ears and very gracefully going up. We see those at all depths and even at the greatest depths. They go from a couple of inches to a couple of feet. They come right up to the submarine -- they'll put their eyes right up to the window and peek inside the sub.
DG: Ovo je jedna od njih, jedna od naših omiljenih, zato što je to mali glavonožac. Možete mu čak vidjeti kroz glavu. I evo ga, maše svojim ušima i elegantno uzlazi. Viđamo ih na svim dubinama pa čak i na najvećim dubinama. Dosežu od nekoliko centimetara do nekoliko metara. Dođu skroz do podmornice -- prislonit će svoje oči na prozor i poviriti u podmornicu.
This is really a world within a world, and we're going to show you two. In this case, we're passing down through the mid-ocean and we see creatures like this. This is kind of like an undersea rooster. This guy, that looks incredibly formal, in a way. And then one of my favorites. What a face! This is basically scientific data that you're looking at. It's footage that we've collected for scientific purposes. And that's one of the things that Bill's been doing, is providing scientists with this first view of animals like this, in the world where they belong. They don't catch them in a net. They're actually looking at them down in that world. We're going to take a joystick, sit in front of our computer, on the Earth, and press the joystick forward, and fly around the planet.
To je zbilja svijet unutar svijeta, a mi ćemo vam pokazati dva. U ovom slučaju, prolazimo dolje kroz srednjeoceansko područje i vidimo ovakva bića. Ovo je nešto poput podmorskog pijetla. Ovaj malac, koji na neki način izgleda nevjerojatno službeno. Pa jedan od mojih najdražih. Koja faca! Ovo što gledate su u osnovi znanstveni podaci. To su snimke koje smo prikupili u znanstvene svrhe. A to je jedna od stvari koje je Bill radio, omogućavao je znanstvenicima prvi pogled na ovakve životinje, u svijetu u koji pripadaju. Ne hvataju ih u mrežu. Oni ih zapravo gledaju u tom svijetu dolje. Uzet ćemo joystick, sjesti ispred naših računala, na Zemlji i stisnuti gumb "naprijed" na joysticku i letjeti oko planeta.
We're going to look at the mid-ocean ridge, a 40,000-mile long mountain range. The average depth at the top of it is about a mile and a half. And we're over the Atlantic -- that's the ridge right there -- but we're going to go across the Caribbean, Central America, and end up against the Pacific, nine degrees north. We make maps of these mountain ranges with sound, with sonar, and this is one of those mountain ranges. We're coming around a cliff here on the right. The height of these mountains on either side of this valley is greater than the Alps in most cases. And there's tens of thousands of those mountains out there that haven't been mapped yet.
Pogledat ćemo srednjeoceanski hrbat, 64.300 kilometara dug planinski lanac. Prosječna dubina na njegovom vrhu iznosi 2.5 km. Iznad Atlantika smo -- ondje je hrbat -- ali otići ćemo preko Kariba, Srednje Amerike, i završiti na Tihom oceanu, devet stupnjeva sjeverno. Izrađujemo karte tih planinskih lanaca koristeći zvuk, sonarom, a ovo je jedan od tih planinskih lanaca. Ovdje idemo oko grebena na desno. Visina ovih planina sa svih strana doline je veća od Alpa u većini slučajeva. A tamo ima još na desetke tisuća takvih planina koje još nisu ucrtane na kartu.
This is a volcanic ridge. We're getting down further and further in scale. And eventually, we can come up with something like this.
Ovo je vulkanski greben. Spuštamo se sve dublje i dublje. I na kraju, možemo smisliti nešto ovakvo.
This is an icon of our robot, Jason, it's called. And you can sit in a room like this, with a joystick and a headset, and drive a robot like that around the bottom of the ocean in real time. One of the things we're trying to do at Woods Hole with our partners is to bring this virtual world -- this world, this unexplored region -- back to the laboratory. Because we see it in bits and pieces right now. We see it either as sound, or we see it as video, or we see it as photographs, or we see it as chemical sensors, but we never have yet put it all together into one interesting picture.
Ovo je ikona našeg robota, zove se Jason. I možete ovako sjediti u sobi, sa joystickom, slušalicama i mikrofonom i tako voziti robot uokolo po dnu oceana u određenom trenu. Nešto što pokušavamo učiniti u Woods Holeu s našim suradnicima jest donijeti ovaj virtualni svijet -- ovaj svijet, ovo neistraženo područje -- natrag u laboratorij. Zato što ga sada vidimo u djelićima. Vidimo ga ili kao zvuk, ili ga vidimo kao snimku, ili ga vidimo kao fotografije, ili kao kemijske senzore, ali nikada ga nemamo posloženog skupa u jednu zanimljivu sliku.
Here's where Bill's cameras really do shine. This is what's called a hydrothermal vent. And what you're seeing here is a cloud of densely packed, hydrogen-sulfide-rich water coming out of a volcanic axis on the sea floor. Gets up to 600, 700 degrees F, somewhere in that range. So that's all water under the sea -- a mile and a half, two miles, three miles down. And we knew it was volcanic back in the '60s, '70s. And then we had some hint that these things existed all along the axis of it, because if you've got volcanism, water's going to get down from the sea into cracks in the sea floor, come in contact with magma, and come shooting out hot. We weren't really aware that it would be so rich with sulfides, hydrogen sulfides. We didn't have any idea about these things, which we call chimneys.
Ovo je gdje Billove kamere pokazuju svoj puni sjaj. Ovo zovemo hidrotermalnim izvorom. A ono što vidite je oblak zgusnute vode bogate sumporovodikom koja izlazi iz vulkanske osi na morskom dnu. Temperatura se penje do 315, 370 stupnjeva celzijevih, negdje u tom rasponu. I to je sva voda pod morem -- 2.5, 3 km, 5 km dolje. I znali smo da je vulkanska još u 60-ima, 70-ima. I onda smo naslutili da te stvari postoje uzduž cijele osi, jer ako imate vulkanizam, voda će se spustiti iz mora u pukotine u morskom dnu, doći u doticaj s magmom, i šikljati van vruća. Nismo uopće bili svjesni da će biti tako bogata sulfidima, sumporovodikom. Nismo imali pojma o onome što nazivam dimnjacima.
This is one of these hydrothermal vents. Six hundred degree F water coming out of the Earth. On either side of us are mountain ranges that are higher than the Alps, so the setting here is very dramatic.
Ovo je jedan od tih hidrotermalnih izvora. Voda od 315 stupnjeva celzijevih izlazi iz Zemlje. Sa svih strana nas okružuju planinski lanci viši od Alpa, tako da je okolina ovdje veoma dramatična.
BL: The white material is a type of bacteria that thrives at 180 degrees C.
BL: Bijeli materijal je vrsta bakterije koja uspijeva na 180 celzijevih stupnjeva.
DG: I think that's one of the greatest stories right now that we're seeing from the bottom of the sea, is that the first thing we see coming out of the sea floor after a volcanic eruption is bacteria. And we started to wonder for a long time, how did it all get down there? What we find out now is that it's probably coming from inside the Earth. Not only is it coming out of the Earth -- so, biogenesis made from volcanic activity -- but that bacteria supports these colonies of life. The pressure here is 4,000 pounds per square inch. A mile and a half from the surface to two miles to three miles -- no sun has ever gotten down here. All the energy to support these life forms is coming from inside the Earth -- so, chemosynthesis. And you can see how dense the population is. These are called tube worms.
DG: Mislm da je jedna od trenutno najvećih priča koju vidimo s dna mora, ona da prvo što vidimo da izlazi iz morskog dna nakon vulkanske erupcije su bakterije. I dugo smo se pitali kako je sve to dospjelo tamo dolje? Ono što smo sad saznali jest da vjerojatno dolazi iz unutrašnjosti Zemlje. Ne samo da dolazi iz Zemlje -- dakle, biogeneza iz vulkanske aktivnosti -- već bakterije održavaju ove kolonije života. Tlak ovdje iznosi 280 kilograma po kvadratnom centimetru. 2,4 km od površine do 3 do 5 km -- sunce nikad nije doprlo do ondje dolje. Sva energija koja podržava ove oblike života dolazi iz unutrašnjosti Zemlje -- dakle, kemosinteza. I možete vidjeti kako je gusta naseljenost. Ovo zovemo crvima cjevašima.
BL: These worms have no digestive system. They have no mouth. But they have two types of gill structures. One for extracting oxygen out of the deep-sea water, another one which houses this chemosynthetic bacteria, which takes the hydrothermal fluid -- that hot water that you saw coming out of the bottom -- and converts that into simple sugars that the tube worm can digest.
BL: Ovi crvi nemaju probavni sustav. Nemaju usta. Ali imaju dvije vrste struktura škrga. Jednu za izvlačenje kisika iz dubokomorske vode, drugu u kojoj žive ove kemosintetske bakterije, koje uzimaju hidrotermalnu vodu -- onu vruću vodu koju smo vidjeli da izlazi iz dna -- i pretvaraju je u jednostavne šećere koje crvi cjevaši mogu probaviti.
DG: You can see, here's a crab that lives down there. He's managed to grab a tip of these worms. Now, they normally retract as soon as a crab touches them. Oh! Good going. So, as soon as a crab touches them, they retract down into their shells, just like your fingernails. There's a whole story being played out here that we're just now beginning to have some idea of because of this new camera technology.
DG: Možete vidjeti, ovo je rak koji živi ondje dolje. Uspio je uhvatiti jedan vrh ovih crva. Obično se povuku čim ih rak dotakne. Oh! Dobro se izvukao. Dakle, čim ih rak dotakne, povuku se u svoje oklope, poput vaših noktiju. Ovdje se odigrava cijela priča koje smo tek sada počeli biti svjesni zbog nove tehnologije s kamerama.
BL: These worms live in a real temperature extreme. Their foot is at about 200 degrees C and their head is out at three degrees C, so it's like having your hand in boiling water and your foot in freezing water. That's how they like to live. (Laughter)
BL: Ovi crvi žive u pravim temperaturnim ekstremima. Njihovo podnožje je na oko 200 stupnjeva, a njihova glava na 3 stupnja celzijeva, pa je to kao da imate ruku u kipućoj vodi, a nogu u ledenoj vodi. Tako oni vole živjeti. (Smijeh)
DG: This is a female of this kind of worm. And here's a male. You watch. It doesn't take long before two guys here -- this one and one that will show up over here -- start to fight. Everything you see is played out in the pitch black of the deep sea. There are never any lights there, except the lights that we bring. Here they go. On one of the last dive series, we counted 200 species in these areas -- 198 were new, new species.
DG: Ovo je ženka te vrste crva. A ovo je mužjak. Gledajte. Neće dugo trebati prije nego se ova dva ovdje -- ovaj i onaj koji će se pojaviti ovdje -- počnu boriti. Sve što vidite se odigrava u mrklom mraku dubokog mora. Ondje nikad nema svjetlosti, osim svjetala koja mi donosimo. Evo ih. U jednom od zadnjih nizova zarona, izbrojali smo 200 vrsta u ovim područjima -- 198 su nove, novcate vrste.
BL: One of the big problems is that for the biologists working at these sites, it's rather difficult to collect these animals. And they disintegrate on the way up, so the imagery is critical for the science.
BL: Jedan od velikih problema jest što je biolozima koji rade na ovim nalazištima dosta teško skupiti ove životinje. I raspadnu se na putu prema gore, tako da su slike ključne za znanost.
DG: Two octopods at about two miles depth. This pressure thing really amazes me -- that these animals can exist there at a depth with pressure enough to crush the Titanic like an empty Pepsi can. What we saw up till now was from the Pacific. This is from the Atlantic. Even greater depth. You can see this shrimp is harassing this poor little guy here, and he'll bat it away with his claw. Whack! (Laughter)
DG: Dva glavonošca na oko 3 km dubine. Ovo s tlakom me zbilja zadivljuje -- da te životinje mogu živjeti na dubini gdje je tlak dovoljno visok da zdrobi Titanik kao praznu limenku Pepsija. Dosad smo gledali snimke iz Tihog oceana. Ovo je iz Atlantskog oceana. S još veće dubine. Vidite ovog škampa kako gnjavi ovog jadnog mališana ovdje, i odalamit će ga svojim kliještima. Tras! (Smijeh)
And the same thing's going on over here. What they're getting at is that -- on the back of this crab -- the foodstuff here is this very strange bacteria that lives on the backs of all these animals. And what these shrimp are trying to do is actually harvest the bacteria from the backs of these animals. And the crabs don't like it at all. These long filaments that you see on the back of the crab are actually created by the product of that bacteria. So, the bacteria grows hair on the crab. On the back, you see this again. The red dot is the laser light of the submarine Alvin to give us an idea about how far away we are from the vents. Those are all shrimp. You see the hot water over here, here and here, coming out. They're clinging to a rock face and actually scraping bacteria off that rock face. Here's a tiny, little vent that's come out of the side of that pillar. Those pillars get up to several stories. So here, you've got this valley with this incredible alien landscape of pillars and hot springs and volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, inhabited by these very strange animals that live only on chemical energy coming out of the ground. They don't need the sun at all.
I ista stvar se ovdje događa. Na što ciljaju je -- na leđima ovog raka -- ovdje je hrana ova veoma neobična bakterija koja živi na leđima svih ovih životinja. A ono što ovi škampi pokušavaju učiniti jest zapravo ubrati bakterije s leđa tih životinja. A rakovima se to nimalo ne sviđa. Ove duge niti koje vidite na rakovim leđima su zapravo stvorile te bakterije. Dakle, bakterije stvaraju dlake na rakovima. Na leđima, opet to vidite. Crvena točka je lasersko svjetlo podmornice Alvin koje nam daje predodžbu koliko smo udaljeni od izvora. To su sve škampi. Vidite vruću vodu ovdje, ovdje i ovdje, kako izlazi. Priljepljeni su za površinu kamena i zapravo stružu bakterije s njega. Ovdje je mali, sićušan izvor koji je izašao kroz bočnu stranu onog stupa. Ti stupovi mogu doseći visinu do nekoliko katova. Ovdje, imamo ovu dolinu s ovim nevjerojatnim stranim krajobrazom stupova i vrućih izvora i vulkanskih erupcija i potresa, koji nastanjuju veoma neobične životinje koje žive samo na kemijskoj energiji koja dolazi iz zemlje. Uopće ne trebaju sunce.
BL: You see this white V-shaped mark on the back of the shrimp? It's actually a light-sensing organ. It's how they find the hydrothermal vents. The vents are emitting a black body radiation -- an IR signature -- and so they're able to find these vents at considerable distances.
BL: Vidite li ovu bijelu mrlju u obliku slova V na leđima škampa? To je u biti organ osjetljiv na svjetlost. Tako nalaze hidrotermalne izvore. Izvori emitiraju zračenje crnog tijela -- infracrvenu oznaku -- i tako mogu naći ove izvore s popriličnih udaljenosti.
DG: All this stuff is happening along that 40,000-mile long mountain range that we're calling the ribbon of life, because just even today, as we speak, there's life being generated there from volcanic activity. This is the first time we've ever tried this any place. We're going to try to show you high definition from the Pacific. We're moving up one of these pillars. This one's several stories tall. In it, you'll see that it's a habitat for a lot of different animals. There's a funny kind of hot plate here, with vent water coming out of it. So all of these are individual homes for worms.
DG: Sve se to događa uzduž onog planinskog lanca dugog 64.300 km koji zovemo vrpcom života, zato što baš i danas, u ovom trenu, ondje se stvara život iz vulkanske aktivnosti. Ovo je prvi put da smo ovo bilo gdje probali. Pokušat ćemo vam pokazati snimku visoke rezolucije iz Tihog oceana. Penjemo se uz jedan od ovih stupova. Ovaj je visok više katova. U njemu, vidjet ćete da je on stanište mnogo različitih životinja. Ovdje postoji smiješna vrsta vruće ploče, iz koje izlazi izvorska voda. Sve ovo su pojedinačni domovi za crve.
Now here's a closer view of that community. Here's crabs here, worms here. There are smaller animals crawling around. Here's pagoda structures. I think this is the neatest-looking thing. I just can't get over this -- that you've got these little chimneys sitting here smoking away. This stuff is toxic as hell, by the way. You could never get a permit to dump this in the ocean, and it's coming out all from it. (Laughter) It's unbelievable. It's basically sulfuric acid, and it's being just dumped out, at incredible rates. And animals are thriving -- and we probably came from here. That's probably where we evolved from.
Evo bližeg pogleda na tu zajednicu. Evo raka ovdje, crvi su tu. Manje životinje gmižu okolo. Ovo je tvorevina u obliku pagode. Mislim da jako zgodno izgleda. Jednostavno ne mogu to probaviti -- da ovdje postoje ti mali dimnjaci iz kojih se dimi. Usput, ovo je otrovno kao vrag. Nikad ne biste uspjeli dobiti dozvolu da to bacite u ocean, a sve izlazi odavde. (Smijeh) Nevjerojatno. To je u osnovi sumporna kiselina, i izbacuje se van, nevjerojatnom brzinom. A životinje napreduju -- i mi smo vjerojatno potekli odatle. Otuda smo se vjerojatno razvijali.
BL: This bacteria that we've been talking about turns out to be the most simplest form of life found. There are a number of groups that are proposing that life evolved at these vent sites. Although the vent sites are short-lived -- an individual site may last only 10 years or so -- as an ecosystem they've been stable for millions -- well, billions -- of years.
BL: Ispada da je ova bakterija o kojoj smo govorili najjednostavniji oblik života ikad nađen. Postoji mnogo grupa koje pretpostavljaju da se život razvio iz ovih izvorskih nastambi. Iako su izvorske nastambe kratkog vijeka -- pojedine nastambe mogu trajati do samo 10-ak godina -- kao ekosistem su stabilne milijunima -- pa i milijardama -- godina.
DG: It works too well. You see there're some fish inside here as well. There's a fish sitting here. Here's a crab with his claw right at the end of that tube worm, waiting for that worm to stick his head out. (Laughter)
DG: Predobro to funkcionira. Vidite da ovdje unutra ima i riba. Ovdje se nalazi riba. Evo raka sa svojom kliještom točno na kraju ovog crva cjevaša, čeka da crv gurne glavu van. (Smijeh)
BL: The biologists right now cannot explain why these animals are so active. The worms are growing inches per week!
BL: Biolozi trenutno ne mogu objasniti zašto su te životinje tako aktivne. Crvi rastu po nekoliko centimetara na tjedan.
DG: I already said that this site, from a human perspective, is toxic as hell. Not only that, but on top -- the lifeblood -- that plumbing system turns off every year or so. Their plumbing system turns off, so the sites have to move. And then there's earthquakes, and then volcanic eruptions, on the order of one every five years, that completely wipes the area out. Despite that, these animals grow back in about a year's time. You're talking about biodensities and biodiversity, again, higher than the rainforest that just springs back to life. Is it sensitive? Yes. Is it fragile? No, it's not really very fragile.
DG: Već sam rekao da je ovo mjesto, s ljudskog gledišta, otrovno kao vrag. Ne samo to, nego -- izvor života -- vodovodni sustav se gasi svake godine. Njihov vodovodni sustav se gasi pa se nastambe moraju pomaknuti. A tu su i potresi, pa vulkanske erupcije, otprilike jedna svakih pet godna, što u potpunosti izbriše sve s tog područja. Unatoč tome, ove životinje opet se pojave u roku od otprilike godinu dana. Govorimo o gustoći naseljenosti i bioraznolikosti koje su, ponavljam, više nego u prašumi koja se upravo obnavlja. Je li taj svijet osjetljiv? Jest. Je li krhak? Ne, zapravo nije toliko krhak.
I'll end up with saying one thing. There's a story in the sea, in the waters of the sea, in the sediments and the rocks of the sea floor. It's an incredible story. What we see when we look back in time, in those sediments and rocks, is a record of Earth history. Everything on this planet -- everything -- works by cycles and rhythms. The continents move apart. They come back together. Oceans come and go. Mountains come and go. Glaciers come and go. El Nino comes and goes. It's not a disaster, it's rhythmic. What we're learning now, it's almost like a symphony. It's just like music -- it really is just like music. And what we're learning now is that you can't listen to a five-billion-year long symphony, get to today and say, "Stop! We want tomorrow's note to be the same as it was today." It's absurd. It's just absurd. So, what we've got to learn now is to find out where this planet's going at all these different scales and work with it. Learn to manage it. The concept of preservation is futile. Conservation's tougher, but we can probably get there. Thank you very much. Thank you. (Applause)
Za kraj ću vam reći jednu stvar. Postoji priča u moru, u morskoj vodi, u naslagama i stijenama na morskom dnu. To je jedna nevjerojatna priča. Ono što vidmo kada pogledamo u prošlost, u tim naslagama i stijenama, jest zapis Zemljine povijesti. Sve na ovom planetu -- sve -- radi u slijedovima i ima ritam. Kontinenti se razdvajaju. Vraćaju se natrag zajedno. Oceani dolaze i odlaze. Planine dolaze i odlaze. Ledenjaci dolaze i odlaze. El Nino dođe i otiđe. Nije to katastrofa, određeno je ritmički. Ono što sad učimo, gotovo je poput simfonije. Poput glazbe je -- zbilja je poput glazbe. Ono što sad učimo jest da ne možete slušati simfoniju o pet miijardi godina, doći do danas i reći: "Stani! Želimo da sutrašnja nota bude jednaka današnjoj." To je apsurdno. To je stvarno apsurdno. Dakle, ono što sad moramo naučiti jest gdje ovaj planet ide svim tim različitim brzinama i raditi s time. Naučiti baratati time. Koncept zaštite je beskoristan. Očuvanje je mnogo teže, ali vjerojatno možemo doći do toga. Puno vam hvala. Hvala. (Pljesak)