When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings, and the settlement narrative that led to their creation, or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer, but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made. Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. This is not a geographic map. This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore, Maryland, and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person, each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network.
当我们给城市制作地图时, 我们会想到道路、 街道和建筑物, 和其建造的背后故事, 或者会想到 城市设计师的大胆设想, 但其实,制作城市地图时, 还有其他思维角度 以及绘制方法。 今天我要给大家展示一种新的地图, 这并不是一种地理学上的地图。 这是我的家乡马里兰州巴尔的摩 人与人之间的关系图, 你在这里看到的是 每点代表着一个人, 而每条线代表那些人之间的关系, 而每种颜色代表网络内的社区。
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter) Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are, but just to give some sense, the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it, because it seems as though we're living in a very small town. We see the same people over and over again, but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city. On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper. But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports. We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team, Michael Phelps, the Olympian. Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company, and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network.
现在,我在绿色那面, 也就是‘怪才’的区域, 而 TEDx 也在最右边。(笑声) 在网络上的另一端, 主要为非洲裔和拉丁裔人, 他们真正关心的东西 与怪才关心的不同, 我解释一下, 网络的绿色部分 我们称之为Smalltimore, 居住在这个区域的人会如此称呼它, 是因为居民好像生活 在一个非常小的城镇。 我们一遍又一遍看到同样的人, 那是因为我们未曾真正地探索 城市的深度和广度。 在网络上的另一端, 那里的民众对嘻哈音乐感兴趣 甚至可确定为是居住在华盛顿、马 里兰或弗吉尼亚地区, 例如巴尔的摩市的人。 但在中间, 你会看到一些东西 把两个社区连接在一起, 像是体育活动。 我们有巴尔的摩金莺、 巴尔的摩乌鸦足球队、 奥运选手迈可菲尔普斯。 Under Armour是一间位于 巴尔的摩的公司,或许你听过, 而各式各样运动的社区 成为网络两端之间的唯一桥梁。
Let's take a look at San Francisco. You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco. On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities, but you also have this very predominant group of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network, and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum. So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real, and you can actually see that documented here. You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community. And so it leads to things like this. ["Evict Twitter"] Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco, and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this.
让我们看看旧金山, 你会发现旧金山 的情况有点不同, 一方面,媒体、政治和新闻 普遍处于巴尔的摩 以及其他城市, 但网络上方的主要占据者, 是各类怪才与技师, 甚至还有一组如此鲜明和清晰的人群 我们能够认出他们是Twitter的员工, 就在怪才的旁边, 游戏玩家和怪才两者之间, 与嘻哈族相对的位置。 不过,大家可以看到, 与传闻一致,旧金山的拉锯是真的 新兴技术公司带来新财富和居民 让土地房屋增值 导致地区贵族化。 从这里的文件记录你可以看到 LGBT社群 与怪才社群真的相处得不好, 还有艺术社群以及音乐社群。 以至于会发生这种事: ["驱逐推特"] 几个星期前有人给我发了这张照片, 这反映了在旧金山正发生什么事情, 我认为你可以实际地 通过这样的地图去理解。
Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro. I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio, and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up. It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not. You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists. TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers. But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music. Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here. Other boy bands, country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy, and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. How cool is that? And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here. So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way, and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city.
让我们来看看里约热内卢。 在过去的几个星期, 我收集了里约的数据, 对我来说这个城市 其中一样最突出的事情, 就是所有事情都真的混合起来。 这是一个非常异端的城市, 巴尔的摩或旧金山不会这样的。 你还有人涉及到 政府、报纸、政治或专栏作家, TEDxRio 位于右下角, 在博客和作家的旁边。 但你也有这样惊人的多样性的民众, 对不同类型的音乐感到兴趣, 甚至贾斯汀•比伯的粉丝 也在这里。 其他男子乐队、乡村歌手、 福音音乐、放克和说唱 和单口相声, 甚至还有一整节 是关于毒品和笑话。 真的很酷吧? 然后弗拉门戈足球队也在这里。 所以你有同样伸展的 体育和公民,以及艺术和音乐, 但它以一个非常不同的方式代表, 我认为,这也许与 我们对里约的理解相符, 其为一个文化多元化, 音乐多元化的城市。
So we have all this data. It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now, maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before. So what can we do with it? Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct. It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it, what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart. Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit.
如此我们拥有这些数据。 这是非常丰富的数据集, 我们现在针对城市所拥有的, 甚至比我们过往拥有的 任何数据集更丰富。 因此,我们能做些什么呢? 嗯,我认为优先的事 是我们要尝试去了解 隔离是一种社会建构。 这是我们可以选择做的, 或者可以选择不这样做, 如果你仔细想想, 我们正在处理的这些数据 是把一个太空望远镜对准一个城市, 看着它像是对准 一个巨大的高中食堂, 看看大家如何排列一个座位表, 也许是时候整顿一下座位表。
The other thing that we start to realize is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity. We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here -- only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity. So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems, we need to start to think about diversity in a new way.
我们开始意识到另一件事, “种族划分”并不能很好地表现出多样性。 我们由不同类型的种族代表人民, 横跨整个地图 — 只盯着种族 并没有真正对我们发展 的多样性作出贡献。 因此,如果我们试图使用多样化 成为解决我们一些 更棘手的问题的方法, 我们需要开始 以新的方式思考多样性。
And lastly, we have the ability to create interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way, and I believe that if we have that capability, we may even bear some responsibility to do so.
最后,我们要有能力干预, 以一种新的方式重塑我们的城市, 我相信,如果我们有能力的话, 我们甚至会承担一些责任。
So what is a city? I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings, but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there, and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have.
那么什么是城市? 我觉得有些人会说, 这是地理上的区域、 或街道和建筑的聚集, 但是我相信,一个城市 是生活在那里的人 的关系总和, 我相信,如果我们能够开始 以真实的方式用文档证明这些关系, 那么也许我们真的有机会 创造出那些类型的城市, 且是我们要建立的。
Thank you.
谢谢大家
(Applause)
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