When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings, and the settlement narrative that led to their creation, or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer, but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made. Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. This is not a geographic map. This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore, Maryland, and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person, each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network.
Kada mislimo na mapiranje gradova, obično mislimo o putevima, ulicama i zgradama i narativu o selidbi koji je doveo do ovih ulica i zgrada, ili možda mislimo o hrabroj viziji urbaniste, ali postoje drugi načini da se misli o mapiranju gradova i kako su oni nastali. Danas želim da vam pokažem novu vrstu mape. Ovo nije geografska mapa. Ovo je mapa veza između ljudi u mom rodnom gradu, Baltimoru u Merilendu i ovde možete videti da svaka tačka predstavlja osobu, svaka linija vezu između tih ljudi, a svaka boja predstavlja zajednicu unutar te mreže.
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter) Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are, but just to give some sense, the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it, because it seems as though we're living in a very small town. We see the same people over and over again, but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city. On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper. But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports. We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team, Michael Phelps, the Olympian. Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company, and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network.
Ja sam ovde na zelenoj strani, dole desno sa štreberima, a TEDx je takođe dole desno. (Smeh) Sa druge strane mreže su uglavnom Afro-amerikanci i Latino-amerikanci koje zaista interesuju donekle drugačije stvari od štrebera, ali čisto radi ilustracije, zeleni deo mreže ćemo nazvati Smoltimor, zbog nas koji ga nastanjujemo, jer se čini kao da živimo u veoma malom gradu. Stalno viđamo iste ljude, ali to je jer zapravo ne istražujemo punu dubinu i širinu grada. Sa druge strane mreže, imate ljude koje interesuju stvari poput hip-hop muzike i čak se identifikuju sa životom u okolini Vašingtona, Merilenda i Virdžinije pre nego sa životom u okolini samog Baltimora. Ali u sredini vidite da postoji nešto što povezuje dve zajednice, a to je sport. Imamo baltimorske Oriole, fudbalski tim - baltimorske Gavrane, olimpijskog plivača Majkla Felpsa. Možda se čuli za "Under Armour", to je kompanija iz Baltimora, i ta sportska zajednica funkcioniše kao jedini most između ova dva kraja mreže.
Let's take a look at San Francisco. You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco. On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities, but you also have this very predominant group of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network, and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum. So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real, and you can actually see that documented here. You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community. And so it leads to things like this. ["Evict Twitter"] Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco, and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this.
Pogledajmo San Francisko. Vidite da se u San Francisku dešava nešto pomalo drugačije. S jedne strane, imate delove sa medijima, politikom i vestima koji postoje u Baltimoru i drugim gradovima, ali imate i ovu grupu koja preovladava, grupu štrebera i ljubitelja tehnologije koji su na gornjoj polovini mreže, i čak postoji grupa koja je toliko jasno odvojena da je možemo nazvati grupom zaposlenih u Tviteru, pored štrebera, između gejmera i štrebera, sa druge strane hip-hop skale. Ipak možete videti da su istinita nastojanja vezana za San Francisko što se tiče brige ljudi zbog gentrifikacije i svih novih tehnoloških kompanija koje donose novo bogatstvo i useljenje u grad, i to zapravo ovde imate dokumentovano. Možete videti da se LGBT zajednica baš i ne slaže najbolje sa zajednicom štrebera, zajednicom umetnika i muzičara. To dovodi do ovakvih stvari. ["Izbacite Tviter"] Neko mi je poslao ovu sliku pre nekoliko nedelja i tu se vidi šta se dešava u San Francisku, i mislim da možete zapravo pokušati da ovo razumete kroz gledanje mape poput ove.
Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro. I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio, and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up. It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not. You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists. TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers. But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music. Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here. Other boy bands, country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy, and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. How cool is that? And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here. So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way, and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city.
Pogledajmo Rio de Žaneiro. Proteklih nekoliko nedelja sam skupljao podatke o Riju, i jedna od stvari koja se istakla u vezi s ovim gradom je da je sve nekako izmešano. To je veoma heterogen grad na način na koji Baltimor i San Francisko to nisu. Još uvek imate grupe ljudi u vezi sa vladom, novinama, politikom, koluministe. TEDxRio je u donjem levom uglu, tik pored blogera i pisaca. Ali onda imate i ovu neverovatnu raznovrsnost ljudi koje interesuju različite vrste muzike. Ovde su predstavljeni čak i fanovi Džastina Bibera. Drugi boj bendovi, kantri pevači, gospel muzika, fank i rep i stend-ap komedija, i tu je čak i ceo odeljak vezan za drogu i šale. Zar to nije kul? Tu je predstavljen i fudbalski tim Flamengo. Imate istu vrstu rasprostranjenosti sporta i građanskih organizacija, umetnosti i muzike, ali to je sve predstavljeno na prilično drugačiji način, i mislim da se to možda uklapa sa našim viđenjem Rija kao veoma multikulturalnog, muzički raznovrsnog grada.
So we have all this data. It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now, maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before. So what can we do with it? Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct. It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it, what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart. Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit.
Imamo sve ove podatke. To je neverovatno velik skup podataka koji sada imamo o gradovima, možda čak i veći od bilo kog skupa podataka kojeg smo imali do sada. Šta možemo da uradimo s time? Mislim da prvo možemo da pokušamo da razumemo da je segregacija samo konstrukt društva. To je nešto što biramo da radimo, i možemo odabrati da to ne radimo, i ako razmislite o tome, sa ovim podacima upiremo svemirski teleskop u grad i gledamo na njega poput ogromne kantine u srednjoj školi, i gledamo u kom rasporedu svi sede. Možda je vreme da malo izmešamo taj raspored sedenja.
The other thing that we start to realize is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity. We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here -- only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity. So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems, we need to start to think about diversity in a new way.
Druga stvar koju smo počeli da shvatamo je da je rasa zapravo loša zamena za raznovrsnost. Imamo ljude iz svih mogućih rasa preko cele mape - gledajući samo na rasu, ne doprinosimo svom razvoju raznovrsnosti. Tako da, ako pokušavamo da koristimo raznovrsnost kao način da se borimo sa nekim od naših težih problema, moramo početi da razmišljamo o raznovrsnosti na drugi način.
And lastly, we have the ability to create interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way, and I believe that if we have that capability, we may even bear some responsibility to do so.
I konačno, imamo sposobnost da stvaramo intervencije kako bismo počeli da preoblikujemo svoje gradove na nov način i verujem da ako imamo tu sposobnost, možda čak imamo i neku odgovornost da to i radimo.
So what is a city? I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings, but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there, and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have.
Šta je onda grad? Mislim da bi neki rekli da je to geografsko područje ili skup ulica i zgrada, ali ja verujem da je grad zbir veza ljudi koji u njemu žive, i verujem da ako možemo da počnemo da zapisujemo te veze na stvaran način, onda možda imamo realnu priliku da stvorimo onu vrstu grada kakav bismo želeli da imamo.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)