When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings, and the settlement narrative that led to their creation, or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer, but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made. Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. This is not a geographic map. This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore, Maryland, and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person, each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network.
Kada razmišljamo o mapiranju gradova, razmišljamo o cestama i ulicama i zgradama, i narativu koji je vodio njihovoj kreaciji, ili možete razmišljati o hrabroj viziji urbanog dizajnera, ali postoje i drugi načini kako razmišljati o mapiranju gradova i kako su oni nastali. Danas vam želim pokazati novu vrstu mape. To nije geografska mapa. Ovo je mapa veza ljudi u mom rodnom gradu Baltimoreu, Maryland, i ono što možete vidjeti ovdje jest da svaka točka predstavlja osobu, svaka linija predstavlja odnos između tih ljudi, a svaka boja predstavlja zajednicu unutar mreže.
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter) Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are, but just to give some sense, the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it, because it seems as though we're living in a very small town. We see the same people over and over again, but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city. On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper. But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports. We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team, Michael Phelps, the Olympian. Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company, and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network.
Ja sam ovdje na zelenoj strani, dolje skroz desno sa štreberima, i TEDx je isto dolje skroz desno. (Smijeh) S druge strane mreže, su uglavnom Afro-Amerikanci i Latino-Amerikanci koje zaista zanimaju donekle drugačije stvari od štrebera, ali čisto kako biste dobili osjećaj, zeleni dio mreže ćemo nazvati Smalltimore, zbog nas koji tamo stanujemo, jer se čini kao da živimo u vrlo malom gradu. Stalno viđamo jedne te iste ljude, ali to je jer zapravo ne istražujemo punu dubinu i širinu grada. S druge strane mreže, imate ljude koje zanimaju stvari poput hip-hop glazbe i čak se identificiraju sa životom u okolini DC/Maryland/Virginia-e prije nego sa životom u okolini samog Baltimorea. Ali u sredini vidite da postoji nešto što povezuje dvije zajednice, a to je sport. Imamo Baltimore Orioles, Baltimore Ravens ekipe američkog nogometa, olimpijca Michalea Phelpsa. 'Under Armour', možda ste čuli to je kompanija iz Baltimora, i ta sportska zajednica funkcionira kao jedini most između ova dva kraja mreže.
Let's take a look at San Francisco. You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco. On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities, but you also have this very predominant group of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network, and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum. So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real, and you can actually see that documented here. You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community. And so it leads to things like this. ["Evict Twitter"] Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco, and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this.
Pogledajmo San Francisco. Vidite da se u San Franciscu događa nešto malo drugačije. S jedne strane, imate dijelove s medijima, politikom i vijestima koji postoje i u Baltimoreu i u drugim gradovima, ali imate i ovu grupu koja prevladava, grupu štrebera i ljubitelja tehnologije koji su na gornjoj polovici mreže, i čak postoji grupa koja je toliko jasno odvojena i koju možemo identificirati kao zaposlenike Twittera, pored štrebera, između gamera i štrebera, nasuprot hip-hop spektra. Ipak možete vidjeti da su istinite tenzije koje smo čuli za San Francisco što se tiče brige ljudi zbog gentrifikacije i svih novih tehnoloških tvrtki koje donose novo bogatstvo i naseljavanje grada, i to zapravo ovdje imate dokumentirano. Možete vidjeti kako se LGBT zajednica baš i ne slaže najbolje sa zajednicom štrebera, zajednicom umjetnika i glazbenika. To dovodi do ovakvih stvari. ["Izbacite Twitter"] Neko mi je poslao ovu sliku prije nekoliko tjedana i tu se vidi što se događa u San Franciscu, i mislim da možete zapravo razumijeti ovo kroz gledanje mapa poput ove.
Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro. I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio, and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up. It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not. You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists. TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers. But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music. Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here. Other boy bands, country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy, and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. How cool is that? And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here. So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way, and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city.
Pogledajmo Rio de Janeiro. Proteklih nekoliko tjedana skupljao sam podatke o Riju, i jedna od stvari koja se istaknula u vezi s ovim gradom jest da je sve nekako izmiješano. To je veoma heterogen grad na način na koji Baltimore i San Francisco nisu. Još uvijek imate grupe ljudi koji su povezani s vladom, novinama, politikom, kolumniste. TEDxRio je u donjem lijevom kutu, neposerdno pored blogera i pisaca. Ali onda imate i ovu nevjerojatnu raznovrsnost ljudi koje zanimaju različite vrste glazbe. Ovdje su predstavljeni čak i sljedbenici Justina Bibera. Drugi boy bendovi, country pjevači, gospel glazba, funk i rap i stand-up komedija, i tu je čak i cijela sekcija vezana uz drogu i šale. Zar to nije super? Tu je predstavljen i nogometni tim Flamenga. Imate istu vrstu rasprostranjenosti sporta i građanskih organizacija, umjetnosti i glazbe, ali to je sve predstavljeno na prilično drugačiji način, i mislim kako se to možda uklapa s našim viđenjem Rija kao vrlo multikulturalnog, glazbeno raznovrsnog grada.
So we have all this data. It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now, maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before. So what can we do with it? Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct. It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it, what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart. Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit.
Imamo sve te podatke. To je nevjerojatno bogat skup podataka koji sada imamo o gradovima, možda čak i bogatiji od bilo kojeg skupa podataka kojeg smo imali do sada. Što možemo napraviti s time? Mislim da prvo možemo pokušati razumijeti da je segregacija samo konstrukt društva. To je nešto što biramo raditi, i možemo izabrati da to ne radimo, i ako razmislite o tome, s ovim podacima ciljamo svemirskim teleskopom u grad i gledamo na njega poput ogromne kantine u srednjoj školi, i gledamo u kojem rasporedu svi sjede. Možda je vrijeme da malo promiješamo taj raspored sjedenja.
The other thing that we start to realize is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity. We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here -- only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity. So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems, we need to start to think about diversity in a new way.
Druga stvar koju smo počeli shvaćati jest kako je rasa zapravo loša zamjena za raznovrsnost. Imamo ljude iz svih mogućih rasa preko cijele mape - gledajući samo na rasu, ne doprinosimo svom razvoju raznovrsnosti. Tako da, ako pokušavamo koristiti raznovrsnost kao način borbe s nekim od naših tvrdoglavijih problema, moramo početi razmišljati o raznovrsnosti na drugi način.
And lastly, we have the ability to create interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way, and I believe that if we have that capability, we may even bear some responsibility to do so.
I konačno, imamo sposobnost stvarati intervencije kako bismo počeli s preoblikovanjem svojih gradova na nov način i vjerujem da ako imamo tu sposobnost, možda čak imamo i neku odgovornost da to napravimo.
So what is a city? I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings, but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there, and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have.
Dakle, što je grad? Mislim da bi neki rekli da je to geografsko područje ili skup ulica i zgrada, ali ja verujem da je grad zbir veza ljudi koji u njemu žive, i vjerujem da ako možemo započeti dokumentirati te veze na stvaran način, onda možda imamo realnu priliku stvoriti onu vrstu grada kakav bismo željeli imati.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)