Quan pensem en crear mapes de ciutats tendim a pensar en carreteres, carrers y edificis i la narrativa de liquidació que portà la seva creació, o potser penseu en l’audaç visió d’un dissenyador urbà, però hi ha més formes de pensar en crear mapes de ciutats i com s’han de fer. Avui, vull ensenyar-vos un nou tipus de mapa. Aquet no és un mapa geogràfic. Aquet és un mapa de relacions entre les persones del meu poble, Baltimore, Maryland. I el que podeu veure ací és que cada punt representa a una persona, cada línia representa una relació entre eixes persones i cada color representa una comunitat dins de xarxa.
When we think about mapping cities, we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings, and the settlement narrative that led to their creation, or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer, but there's other ways to think about mapping cities and how they got to be made. Today, I want to show you a new kind of map. This is not a geographic map. This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown of Baltimore, Maryland, and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person, each line represents a relationship between those people, and each color represents a community within the network.
Jo estic al costat de color verd, baix a la dreta, on estan els geeks i TEDx també està baix a la dreta. (Rialles) A l’altre costat de la xarxa solen estar principalment els afroamericans i llatinoamericans que solen estar preocupats per coses diferents de les que estan els geeks. Perque us feu una idea a la part verda de la xarxa els que l’habitem l’anomenem Smalltimore ja que ens sembla que vivim en un poble molt menut. Sempre veiem a la mateixa gent però això és perquè en veritat no explorem la profunditat i l’amplada de la ciutat. A l’altre costat de la xarxa hi ha gent interessada en coses com la música hip-hop i que s’identifiquen amb la vida en l’àrea de WashingtonDC/Maryland/Virgina més que amb la del propi Baltimore. Però al centre, es veu que alguna cosa connecta a les dues comunitats, els esports. Tenim als Oriols de Baltimore, als Baltimore Ravens, a Michael Phelps, l’olímpic. Under Armour, deveu conèixer-la, és una empresa de Baltimore. I aquesta comunitat dels esports actua com l’únic pont entre aquestes dues puntes de la xarxa.
Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are, and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter) Now, on the other side of the network, you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are, but just to give some sense, the green part of the network we call Smalltimore, for those of us that inhabit it, because it seems as though we're living in a very small town. We see the same people over and over again, but that's because we're not really exploring the full depth and breadth of the city. On the other end of the network, you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper. But in the middle, you see that there's something that connects the two communities together, and that's sports. We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team, Michael Phelps, the Olympian. Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company, and that community of sports acts as the only bridge between these two ends of the network. Let's take a look at San Francisco.
Si mirem San Francisco, podem veure que alguna cosa diferent passa a San Francisco. Per una banda, tenim lòbul dels mitjans de comunicació, política i noticies que tendeix a existir a Baltimore i altres ciutats però també hi ha un grup molt predominant de geeks i techies que son els que ocupen més de la meitat de la xarxa i hi ha inclús un grup molt distint i clar que identifiquem com als treballadors de Twitter, al costat dels geeks, en mig dels gamers i dels geeks just a l’altra punta de l’espectre del hip-hop. Però també es pot veure que les tensions que sentim sobre San Francisco en quant a la gent que està preocupada per la gentrificació i les companyies tecnològiques que porten una nova riquesa i assentament a la ciutat són reals, i es pot veure que estan documentades aquí. Es pot veure que la comunitat LGBT no es porta be amb la comunitat geek, la comunitat d’art i la comunitat de música. I això porta a coses com aquestes. [“Esborreu Twitter”] Vaig rebre esta foto fa unes setmanes i mostra el que està passant a San Francisco i crec que realment ho podeu entendre al veure un mapa com aquest.
You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco. On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities, but you also have this very predominant group of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network, and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear that we can identify it as Twitter employees, next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks, at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum. So you can see, though, that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco in terms of people being concerned about gentrification and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth and settlement into the city are real, and you can actually see that documented here. You can see the LGBT community is not really getting along with the geek community that well, the arts community, the music community. And so it leads to things like this. ["Evict Twitter"] Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago, and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco, and I think you can actually try to understand that through looking at a map like this. Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro.
Donem un cop d’ull a Rio de Janeiro. He passat unes setmanes recollint dades sobre Rio i una de les coses que destaca en aquesta ciutat es que tot està mesclat d’alguna manera. És una ciutat molt heterogènia, no com Baltimore o San Francisco. Així i tot està el lòbul de gent interessada en govern, periòdics, polítics, columnistes. TEDxRio està baix a la dreta, al costat dels bloggers i els escriptors. Però també hi ha una gran diversitat de gent interessada en diferents tipus de musica. Es mostren inclús els fans de Justin Bieber. Altres bandes, cantants country, musica gospel, funk, rap i la comèdia, inclús hi ha una secció sencera de drogues i bromes. Què us pareix? I l’equip de futbol Flamengo també esta representat aquí. Hi ha la mateixa diversitat d’esports, educació cívica, i de les arts i la música però està representat de forma diferent i crec que s’adapta al que entenem de Rio com una ciutat multicultural i amb música diversa.
I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio, and one of the things that stood out to me about this city is that everything's really kind of mixed up. It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not. You still have the lobe of people involved with government, newspapers, politics, columnists. TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers. But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people that are interested in different kinds of music. Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here. Other boy bands, country singers, gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy, and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes. How cool is that? And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here. So you have that same kind of spread of sports and civics and the arts and music, but it's represented in a very different way, and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city. So we have all this data.
Així que tenim aquestes dades. És un conjunt de dades increïble el que tenim sobre les ciutats potser millor que qualsevol conjunt de dades que hagem tingut. Què podem fer? Crec que el primer és intentar entendre que la segregació és una construcció social. És una cosa que triem si volem fer, i que podem triar no fer i si ho pensen el que fem amb aquestes dades és apuntar un telescopi a una ciutat i mirar-la com si fos la cafeteria gegant d’un institut i veure com tothom ha planejat una forma ordenada de seure. Potser és hora de sacsejar-la un poc.
It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now, maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before. So what can we do with it? Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand is that segregation is a social construct. It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it, and if you kind of think about it, what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria, and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart. Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit. The other thing that we start to realize
També comencem a adonar-nos de que la raça és un pobre substitut de la diversitat. Hi ha gent de tot tipus de races representades per tot arreu del mapa. Mirar nomes la raça no contribueix al desenvolupament de la diversitat. Si tractem d’usar la diversitat com una mena de fer front als nostres problemes més intractables hem de començar a pensar sobre la diversitat de forma diferent.
is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity. We've got people represented from all different types of races across the entire map here -- only looking at race doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity. So if we're trying to use diversity as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems, we need to start to think about diversity in a new way. And lastly, we have the ability to create
Finalment, tenim l’habilitat de crear intervencions per començar a canviar la forma de les nostres ciutats i crec que si tenim aquesta capacitat tenim la responsabilitat de fer-ho.
interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way, and I believe that if we have that capability, we may even bear some responsibility to do so.
Què és una ciutat? Alguns diran que és una àrea geogràfica o un conjunt de carrers i edificis però jo crec que és la suma de les relacions de la gent que l’habita i crec que si comencem a documentar les relacions potser tenim l’oportunitat de crear el tipus de ciutat que ens agradaria tenir.
So what is a city? I think some might say that it is a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings, but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships of the people that live there, and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way then maybe we have a real shot at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have.
Gràcies.
Thank you.
(Aplaudiments)
(Applause)