Before he turned physics upside down, a young Albert Einstein supposedly showed off his genius by devising a complex riddle involving this list of clues. Can you resist tackling a brain teaser written by one of the smartest people in history? Let's give it a shot. The world's rarest fish has been stolen from the city aquarium. The police have followed the scent to a street with five identical looking houses. But they can't search all the houses at once, and if they pick the wrong one, the thief will know they're on his trail. It's up to you, the city's best detective, to solve the case. When you arrive on the scene, the police tell you what they know. One: each house's owner is of a different nationality, drinks a different beverage, and smokes a different type of cigar. Two: each house's interior walls are painted a different color. Three: each house contains a different animal, one of which is the fish. After a few hours of expert sleuthing, you gather some clues. It may look like a lot of information, but there's a clear logical path to the solution. Solving the puzzle will be a lot like Sudoku, so you may find it helpful to organize your information in a grid, like this. Pause the video on the following screen to examine your clues and solve the riddle. Answer in: 3 2 1 To start, you fill in the information from clues eight and nine. Immediately, you also realize that since the Norwegian is at the end of the street, there's only one house next to him, which must be the one with the blue walls in clue fourteen. Clue five says the green-walled house's owner drinks coffee. It can't be the center house since you already know its owner drinks milk, but it also can't be the second house, which you know has blue walls. And since clue four says the green-walled house must be directly to the left of the white-walled one, it can't be the first or fifth house either. The only place left for the green-walled house with the coffee drinker is the fourth spot, meaning the white-walled house is the fifth. Clue one gives you a nationality and a color. Since the only column missing both these values is the center one, this must be the Brit's red-walled home. Now that the only unassigned wall color is yellow, this must be applied to the first house, where clue seven says the Dunhill smoker lives. And clue eleven tells you that the owner of the horse is next door, which can only be the second house. The next step is to figure out what the Norwegian in the first house drinks. It can't be tea, clue three tells you that's the Dane. As per clue twelve, it can't be root beer since that person smokes Bluemaster, and since you already assigned milk and coffee, it must be water. From clue fifteen, you know that the Norwegian's neighbor, who can only be in the second house, smokes Blends. Now that the only spot in the grid without a cigar and a drink is in the fifth column, that must be the home of the person in clue twelve. And since this leaves only the second house without a drink, the tea-drinking Dane must live there. The fourth house is now the only one missing a nationality and a cigar brand, so the Prince-smoking German from clue thirteen must live there. Through elimination, you can conclude that the Brit smokes Pall Mall and the Swede lives in the fifth house, while clue six and clue two tell you that these two have a bird and a dog, respectively. Clue ten tells you that the cat owner lives next to the Blend-smoking Dane, putting him in the first house. Now with only one spot left on the grid, you know that the German in the green-walled house must be the culprit. You and the police burst into the house, catching the thief fish-handed. While that explanation was straightforward, solving puzzles like this often involves false starts and dead ends. Part of the trick is to use the process of elimination and lots of trial and error to hone in on the right pieces, and the more logic puzzles you solve, the better your intuition will be for when and where there's enough information to make your deductions. And did young Einstein really write this puzzle? Probably not. There's no evidence he did, and some of the brands mentioned are too recent. But the logic here is not so different from what you'd use to solve equations with multiple variables, even those describing the nature of the universe.
在他顛覆物理學領域之前 據說年輕的亞伯特·愛因斯坦將他的天份 展現於設計一個 有一長串線索的複雜謎題 你能抗拒解開 歷史上最聰明的人之一所設計的謎題嗎? 來試試看吧 市立水族館中, 世界上最稀有的魚被偷走了 警方跟隨氣味, 來到有五棟一模一樣房子的街道 但他們不能同時搜查所有的房子 而且如果他們找錯了房子, 就會打草驚蛇 一切就靠你這位市內 最頂尖的警探來解決案件了 當你到達現場時, 警察向你說明目前的情況 第一件事 每個房子的主人,各有不同的國籍 喝不一樣的飲料 抽不一樣品牌的雪茄 第二件事 每個房屋的內牆,漆著不同顏色的油漆 第三件事 每個屋子裡,分別住著不同的動物 其中之一就是我們在找的魚 經過幾個小時仔細的偵查, 你收集到以下線索 也許看起來很繁雜 但其中有一條合乎邏輯的解答途徑 解開這個謎題,類似解「九宮格數獨」 把所有的線索用表格列出, 可能對你有幫助,就像這樣 請在下個畫面將影片暫停, 好好研究你的線索,並解開謎題 公佈答案 倒數 3 2 1 一開始,你填入 線索 8 和 9 所提供的資訊 馬上就了解,既然 挪威人住在街尾的那棟房子 隔壁就只有一棟房子 那一定就是線索 14 中 有藍色內牆的房子 線索 5 提到綠色內牆的屋主喝咖啡 因此不可能是中間的房子, 因為你知道這間屋主喝牛奶 也不可能是第二棟房子, 因為你知道它有藍色內牆 而且線索 4 提到 有綠色內牆的房子 就在有白色內牆房子的正左邊 表示它一定不是第一棟或是第五棟房子 唯一可能有綠色內牆的房子 且屋主喝咖啡的,就是第四棟房子 這也表示第五棟房子有著白色內牆 線索 1 提供屋主的國籍和內牆的顏色 因為只有中間的房子同時缺少這兩個資訊 所以它必定是英國人住的有紅色內牆的房子 現在黃色是唯一沒有被分配到的顏色 那一定是第一棟房子的顏色 而線索 7 提到, 黃色內牆的屋主抽 Dunhill 的雪茄 線索 11 也說, 養馬的屋主就住在他隔壁 那一定是第二棟房子了 接下來要分析 第一棟房子的挪威人喝甚麼飲料 不可能是茶,因為線索 3 告訴你喝茶的是丹麥人 也不可能是麥根沙士,因為線索 12 說 喝麥根沙士的人抽 Bluemaster 的雪茄 既然你已經知道 喝牛奶和咖啡的是那兩位 那就一定是喝水了 從線索 15 你知道挪威人的鄰居, 就是第二棟房子的屋主 抽的是 Blends 的雪茄 現在表格內唯一缺少雪茄和飲料的 就是第五列 那一定就是線索 12 中提到的屋主了 既然只剩第二間房子沒有飲料 所以喝茶的丹麥人一定就住這兒 第四間房子是唯一 沒有屋主國籍和雪茄品牌的 所以線索 13 中抽 Prince 牌雪茄的 德國人必定住在這裡 通過消去法,你可以推斷出 英國人抽 Pall Mall 牌雪茄 而瑞典人住在第五間房子裡 根據線索 6 和線索 2 這兩個屋主按順序, 分別有一隻鳥和一隻狗 線索 10 告訴你養貓的人 住在抽 Blend 牌雪茄的丹麥人隔壁 因此他是第一棟房子的主人 最後,表格中只剩下一個空格 你知道住在有綠色內牆 的德國人一定是犯人 你和警察一起衝入屋內 抓住偷魚的小偷 雖然這解釋淺顯易懂 但解決像這樣的謎題, 常有錯誤的開始或是走入死胡同 解題的部分技巧是要善用消去法 以及不斷的嘗試, 抽絲剝繭後導向正確的方向 解開邏輯性謎題愈多 當有充分的資訊供作推論時 你的直覺就會越來越好 年輕的愛因斯坦真的 創作了這個謎題嗎? 大概不是 沒有證據證明是他寫的 而且謎題中出現了一些近代品牌 但是這裡所使用的邏輯 跟解開多元方程式 甚至是解釋宇宙 自然現象的方法,都是一樣的