You know, my favorite part of being a dad is the movies I get to watch. I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids, and when my daughter was four, we got to watch "The Wizard of Oz" together. It totally dominated her imagination for months. Her favorite character was Glinda, of course. It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress and carry a wand.
Veste, moj najljubši del očetovstva so filmi, ki si jih lahko ogledam. Zelo rad gledam moje najljubše filme z mojimi otroci. Ko je bila moja hči stara štiri leta, sva skupaj gledala "Čarovnika iz Oza". Za več mesecev je popolnoma prevzel njeno domišljijo. Njen najljubši lik je bil jasno Glenda. To je bil izgovor, da je lahko nosila bleščečo oblekico in imela čarobno palico.
But you watch that movie enough times, and you start to realize how unusual it is. Now we live today, and are raising our children, in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex. But "The Wizard of Oz" stood alone. It did not start that trend. Forty years later was when the trend really caught on, with, interestingly, another movie that featured a metal guy and a furry guy rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards. Do you know what I'm talking about? (Laughter) Yeah.
Ampak, če si ta film dovoljkrat pogledaš, ugotoviš, kako nenavaden je. Danes živimo in vzgajamo svoje otroke v nekakšnem spektakularnem industrijskem kompleksu otroške domišljije. A "Čarovnik iz Oza" je bil edinstven. Ni začel tega trenda. Štirideset let kasneje se je trend res prijel s filmom, v katerem, to je zanimivo, najdemo kovinskega tipa in kosmatega tipa, ki reši princeso v oblačilih sovražnikovih stražarjev. Ali veste o čem govorim? (smeh) Ja.
Now, there's a big difference between these two movies, a couple of really big differences between "The Wizard of Oz" and all the movies we watch today. One is there's very little violence in "The Wizard of Oz." The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees. But I think if "The Wizard of Oz" were made today, the wizard would say, "Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz that the prophecy foretold. Use your magic slippers to defeat the computer-generated armies of the Wicked Witch." But that's not how it happens.
No, med tema dvema filmoma je velika razlika, nekaj zelo velikih razlik med "Čarovnikom iz Oza" in filmi, ki jih gledamo danes. Ena je, da je v "Čarovniku iz Oza" zelo malo nasilja. Opice so še kar nasilne kot tudi jablane. Zdi se mi, da, če bi "Čarovnika iz Oza" posneli danes, bi čarovnik rekel: "Doroteja, ti si rešiteljica Oza, ki jo je prerokba napovedala. Uporabi svoje čarobne čeveljce in premagaj računalniško ustvarjene vojske Zlobne čarovnice. A tako se ne zgodi.
Another thing that's really unique about "The Wizard of Oz" to me is that all of the most heroic and wise and even villainous characters are female.
Še nekaj edinstvenega na " Čarovniku iz Oza" se mi zdi, da so vse od najbolj junaških, modrih in celo zlobnih likov ženske.
Now I started to notice this when I actually showed "Star Wars" to my daughter, which was years later, and the situation was different. At that point I also had a son. He was only three at the time. He was not invited to the screening. He was too young for that. But he was the second child, and the level of supervision had plummeted. (Laughter) So he wandered in, and it imprinted on him like a mommy duck does to its duckling, and I don't think he understands what's going on, but he is sure soaking in it.
To sem pravzaprav začel opažati, ko sem svoji hčeri pokazal "Vojno zvezd". To je bilo leta kasneje in je bila situacija drugačna. Takrat sem tudi že imel sina. Takrat je imel le tri leta. Ni bil povabljen na predvajanje filma. Je bil premajhen za to. A bil je drugi otrok in stopnja nadzora se je močno zmanjšala. (smeh) Pritaval je v sobo in nanj je naredilo vtis, kot se mama raca vtisne v svoje račke, in mislim, da ni razumel, kaj se dogaja, ampak prav gotovo je to srkal vase.
And I wonder what he's soaking in. Is he picking up on the themes of courage and perseverance and loyalty? Is he picking up on the fact that Luke joins an army to overthrow the government? Is he picking up on the fact that there are only boys in the universe except for Aunt Beru, and of course this princess, who's really cool, but who kind of waits around through most of the movie so that she can award the hero with a medal and a wink to thank him for saving the universe, which he does by the magic that he was born with?
In zanimalo me je, kaj opaža. Ali opaža temo poguma, vztrajnosti in zvestobe? Ali opaža dejstvo, da se Luke pridruži vojski, da bi povzročil padec vlade? Ali opaža, da so v vesolju samo fantje razen tete Beru in seveda te princese, ki je res kul, ampak večino filma nekako čaka, da lahko junaku podari medaljo in mežik, da bi se mu zahvalila, ker je rešil vesolje, kar je storil s pomočjo čarovnije, s katero se je rodil?
Compare this to 1939 with "The Wizard of Oz." How does Dorothy win her movie? By making friends with everybody and being a leader. That's kind of the world I'd rather raise my kids in -- Oz, right? -- and not the world of dudes fighting, which is where we kind of have to be. Why is there so much Force -- capital F, Force -- in the movies we have for our kids, and so little yellow brick road?
Primerjajte to s "Čarovnikom iz Oza" iz leta 1939. Kako Doroteja zmaga v svojem filmu? Z vsemi se spoprijatelji in postane vodja. V takem svetu bi veliko raje vzgajal svoje otroke, v Ozu, kajne? In ne v filmu, kjer se tipi pretepajo, kjer nekako moramo biti. Zakaj je toliko Sile - z veliko začetnico; SIle - v otroških filmih in tako malo rumene ceste?
There is a lot of great writing about the impact that the boy-violent movie has on girls, and you should do that reading. It's very good. I haven't read as much on how boys are picking up on this vibe. I know from my own experience that Princess Leia did not provide the adequate context that I could have used in navigating the adult world that is co-ed. (Laughter) I think there was a first-kiss moment when I really expected the credits to start rolling because that's the end of the movie, right? I finished my quest, I got the girl. Why are you still standing there? I don't know what I'm supposed to do.
Veliko dobrega je napisanega o vplivu fantovskih nasilnih filmih na dekleta, kar preberite si. Zelo je zanimivo. Nisem še prebral veliko o tem, kako to vpliva na fante. Iz lastnih izkušenj vem, da princesa Leja ni dala dovolj dobrega konteksta, da bi to lahko uporabil, da bi se znajdel v svetu odraslih, ki združuje moške in ženske. (smeh) Msilim, da sem v trenutku prvega poljuba pričakoval, da se bo odvila zaključna špica, ker je to konec filma, kajne? Dokončal sem svoje poslanstvo, dobil sem dekle. Zakaj še kar stojiš tam? Nisem vedel, kaj naj bi.
The movies are very, very focused on defeating the villain and getting your reward, and there's not a lot of room for other relationships and other journeys. It's almost as though if you're a boy, you are a dopey animal, and if you are a girl, you should bring your warrior costume. There are plenty of exceptions, and I will defend the Disney princesses in front of any you. But they do send a message to boys, that they are not, the boys are not really the target audience. They are doing a phenomenal job of teaching girls how to defend against the patriarchy, but they are not necessarily showing boys how they're supposed to defend against the patriarchy. There's no models for them. And we also have some terrific women who are writing new stories for our kids, and as three-dimensional and delightful as Hermione and Katniss are, these are still war movies. And, of course, the most successful studio of all time continues to crank out classic after classic, every single one of them about the journey of a boy, or a man, or two men who are friends, or a man and his son, or two men who are raising a little girl. Until, as many of you are thinking, this year, when they finally came out with "Brave." I recommend it to all of you. It's on demand now. Do you remember what the critics said when "Brave" came out? "Aw, I can't believe Pixar made a princess movie." It's very good. Don't let that stop you.
Filmi so zelo zelo osredotočeni na to, da se premaga zlo in se dobi nagrado. Ni veliko prostora za druga razmerja in druga potovanja. Zdi se, da, če si fant, si butasta žival, če si dekle, moraš s seboj prinesti svoj bojevniški kostum. Ogromno izjem je in pred komerkoli od vas bom branil Disneyjeve princese. A fantom pošiljajo sporočila, da niso, fantje niso ciljna publika. Neverjetno dobro učijo dekleta, kako se boriti proti patriarhiji, a ne pokažejo nujno, kako se morajo fantje boriti proti patriarhiji. Za njih ni vzornikov. Imamo nekaj prekrasnih žensk, ki za naše otroke pišejo nove zgodbe, in čeprav sta Hermiona ali Katniss zelo tri-dimnezionalni in očarljivi, so to še vedno vojni filmi. In, jasno, najbolj uspešen studio vseh časov še naprej izdaja klasiko za klasiko in vsaka izmed njih govori o potovanju fanta ali moškega ali dveh moških prijateljev ali moškega in njegovega sina ali dveh moških, ki vzgajata majhno punčko. Dokler niso letos, o čemur vas veliko razmišlja, končno naredili "Pogum". Vsem vam ga priporočam. Trenutno je v povpraševanju. Ali se spomnite, kaj so kritiki rekli, ko je "Pogum" izšel? "Oh, ne morem verjeti, da je Pixar naredil film o princesi." Zelo je dober. Ne pustite si, da vas to ustavi.
Now, almost none of these movies pass the Bechdel Test. I don't know if you've heard of this. It has not yet caught on and caught fire, but maybe today we will start a movement. Alison Bechdel is a comic book artist, and back in the mid-'80s, she recorded this conversation she'd had with a friend about assessing the movies that they saw. And it's very simple. There's just three questions you should ask:
No, skoraj noben izmed teh filmov ne prestane Bechdelovega testa. Ne vem, če ste že slišali zanj. Ni se še prijel ali vnel debate, a morda bomo danes začeli gibanje. Alison Bechedel ustvarja stripe in v sredini 80-ih je posnela pogovor s svojo prijateljico, v katerem ocenjujeta filme, ki sta si jih ogledali. Zelo preprosto je. Samo tri vprašanja si morate postaviti:
Is there more than one character in the movie that is female who has lines? So try to meet that bar.
Ali je v filmu več kot en lik, ki je ženska in kaj reče. Poskusite doseči to merilo.
And do these women talk to each other at any point in the movie?
In, ali se te ženske med seboj v kateremkoli delu filma pogovarjajo med seboj?
And is their conversation about something other than the guy that they both like? (Laughter)
In, ali je njun pogovor o čem drugem kot o fantu, ki jima je obema všeč? (smeh)
Right? Thank you. (Applause) Thank you very much.
Kajne? Hvala. (aplavz) Najlepša hvala.
Two women who exist and talk to each other about stuff. It does happen. I've seen it, and yet I very rarely see it in the movies that we know and love.
Dve ženski, ki obstajata in se pogovarjata o nečem. Zgodi se. Videl sem že to, a zelo redko to vidim v filmih, ki jih vsi poznamo in jih imamo tako zelo radi.
In fact, this week I went to see a very high-quality movie, "Argo." Right? Oscar buzz, doing great at the box office, a consensus idea of what a quality Hollywood film is. It pretty much flunks the Bechdel test. And I don't think it should, because a lot of the movie, I don't know if you've seen it, but a lot of the movie takes place in this embassy where men and women are hiding out during the hostage crisis. We've got quite a few scenes of the men having deep, angst-ridden conversations in this hideout, and the great moment for one of the actresses is to peek through the door and say, "Are you coming to bed, honey?" That's Hollywood for you.
Pravzaprav sem si ta teden ogledal zelo kvaliteten film "Argo". Kajne? Hvalili so ga na Oskarjih, dobro je služil. Splošno mnenje je, da je to kvaliteten hollywoodski film. Bolj kot ne pogrne na Bechedelovem testu. In mislim, da ne bi smel, ker je večina filma, ne vem, če ste ga videli, a večina se dogaja na ambasadi, na kateri se moški in ženske skrivajo med situacijo s talci. V nekaj scenah imajo moški globoke tesnobne pogovore v skrivališču in najboljši trenutek ene izmed igralk je, ko pogleda skozi vrata in reče "Prideš v posteljo, ljubček?" To je Hollywood.
So let's look at the numbers. 2011, of the 100 most popular movies, how many of them do you think actually have female protagonists? Eleven. It's not bad. It's not as many percent as the number of women we've just elected to Congress, so that's good. But there is a number that is greater than this that's going to bring this room down.
Poglejmo si številke. Koliko od 10o najbolj popularnih filmov v letu 2011 mislite, da je glavno vlogo imela ženska. Enajst. Ni slabo. Ni toliko procentov, kolikor je žensk v na novo izvoljenem Kongresu, kar je dobro. A obstaja še večja številka, ki bo to sobo potrla.
Last year, The New York Times published a study that the government had done. Here's what it said. One out of five women in America say that they have been sexually assaulted some time in their life.
Lansko leto je "The New York Times" objavil raziskavo, ki jo je opravila vlada. Pokazala je tole. Vsaka peta ženska v Ameriki pravi, da so jo spolno zlorabili enkrat v življenju.
Now, I don't think that's the fault of popular entertainment. I don't think kids' movies have anything to do with that. I don't even think that music videos or pornography are really directly related to that, but something is going wrong, and when I hear that statistic, one of the things I think of is that's a lot of sexual assailants. Who are these guys? What are they learning? What are they failing to learn? Are they absorbing the story that a male hero's job is to defeat the villain with violence and then collect the reward, which is a woman who has no friends and doesn't speak? Are we soaking up that story?
No, ne mislim, da je za to kriva splošna zabava. Mislim, da otroški filmi niso imeli ničesar s tem. Ne mislim niti, da so s tem neposredno povezani glasbeni videi ali pornografija, ampak nekaj je narobe in, ko slišim te podatke, pomislim na to, da je veliko spolnih napadalcev. Kdo so ti tipi? Kaj se učijo? Česa se ne naučijo? Ali srkajo zgodbo, da je naloga moškega junaka, da premaga zlo z nasiljem in potem pobere nagrado, kar je ženska, ki nima prijateljev in ne govori? Ali si mi zapomnimo to zgodbo?
You know, as a parent with the privilege of raising a daughter like all of you who are doing the same thing, we find this world and this statistic very alarming and we want to prepare them. We have tools at our disposal like "girl power," and we hope that that will help, but I gotta wonder, is girl power going to protect them if, at the same time, actively or passively, we are training our sons to maintain their boy power? I mean, I think the Netflix queue is one way that we can do something very important, and I'm talking mainly to the dads here. I think we have got to show our sons a new definition of manhood.
Veste, kot starš, ki ima privilegij, da vzgajam hči, kot vsi vi, ki počnete isto, se mi zdi ta svet in ta statistika zelo skrb vzbujajoča in rad bi jo pripravil na to. Na razpolago imam orodje kot je "ženska moč" in upamo, da bo to pomagalo, a moram se vprašati, ali jih bo ta moč zaščitila, če naenkrat, aktivno in pasivno, poučujemo svoje sinove, da naj vzdržujejo svojo moško moč? Mislim, da je najemanje filmov eden izmed načinov, kako lahko storimo nekaj zelo pomembnega, in zdaj govorim predvsem očetom. Mislim, da moramo svojim sinovom pokazati novo definicijo moškosti.
The definition of manhood is already turning upside down. You've read about how the new economy is changing the roles of caregiver and wage earner. They're throwing it up in the air. So our sons are going to have to find some way of adapting to this, some new relationship with each other, and I think we really have to show them, and model for them, how a real man is someone who trusts his sisters and respects them, and wants to be on their team, and stands up against the real bad guys, who are the men who want to abuse the women. And I think our job in the Netflix queue is to look out for those movies that pass the Bechdel Test, if we can find them, and to seek out the heroines who are there, who show real courage, who bring people together, and to nudge our sons to identify with those heroines and to say, "I want to be on their team," because they're going to be on their team.
Ta definicija je že tako ali tako popolnoma spremenjena. Brali ste o tem, kako ekonomija spreminja vloge tistega, ki služi, in tistega, ki skrbi za dom in družino. Vse se je postavilo na glavo. Naši sinovi bodo morali najti nekakšen način, da se bodo na to prilagodili. Nek nov odnos z drugimi, ki jim ga bomo, mislim da, morali pokazati in izvajati mi. Kako pravi moški zaupa svoji sestri in jo spoštuje in želi biti na njeni strani in se postavi po robu res slabim fantom, to so moški, ki želijo zlorabljati ženske. In mislim, da je naša naloga pri najemanju filmov, da poiščemo tiste filme, ki prestanejo Bechedelov test, če jih lahko najdemo, in da najdemo junakinje, ki so tam, ki pokažejo pravi pogum, ki združujejo ljudi, in sinovom namignemo, da se lahko z njimi poistovetijo in rečejo: "Hočem biti na njeni strani.", ker bodo na njeni strani.
When I asked my daughter who her favorite character was in "Star Wars," do you know what she said? Obi-Wan. Obi-Wan Kenobi and Glinda. What do these two have in common? Maybe it's not just the sparkly dress. I think these people are experts. I think these are the two people in the movie who know more than anybody else, and they love sharing their knowledge with other people to help them reach their potential. Now, they are leaders. I like that kind of quest for my daughter, and I like that kind of quest for my son. I want more quests like that. I want fewer quests where my son is told, "Go out and fight it alone," and more quests where he sees that it's his job to join a team, maybe a team led by women, to help other people become better and be better people, like the Wizard of Oz. Thank you.
Ko sem hči vprašal, kdo je njen najljubši lik iz " Vojne zvezd", veste, kaj je rekla? Obi-Wan. Obi-Wan Kenobi in Glinda. Kaj imata ta dva skupnega? Morda ne le bleščeča obleka. Mislim, da sta strokovnjaka. Mislim, da sta to človeka, ki v filmu vesta več kot kdorkoli drug in ki svoje znanje rada delita z drugimi ljudmi, da bi ti dosegli svoj potencial. Vodji sta. Za hči bi rad videl, da ima tako nalogo, in za sina bi rad videl, da ima tako nalogo. Več takih nalog si želim. Manj nalog, pri katerih bi se mojemu sinu reklo: "Pojdi in se bori sam," in več takih, kjer se mora pridružiti ekipi, ki jo morda vodi ženska, da bi drugim ljudem pomagali postati boljši in da bi sami bili boljši. kot v "Čarovniku iz Oza". Hvala.