In November 2015, 197 countries came together in Paris and agreed to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase on our planet to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The Climate Action Tracker monitors the climate commitments and actions of 36 countries, totalling roughly 80 percent of today's global greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the bad news: those emissions are still rising and have already warmed the globe by 1.1 degrees Celsius. The tracker makes two problems clear.
2015 年 11 月, 197 个国家齐聚巴黎 , 一致同意继续努力 将全球升温控制在 1.5 摄氏度以内。 气候行动追踪系统 (Climate Action Tracker)监控着 36 个国家的气候承诺和行动。 这些国家的温室气体排放量 约占当今全球的 80% 。 这里有个坏消息: 那些排放量仍在增加, 并已使全球变暖了 1.1 摄氏度。 追踪系统明确了两个问题。
First, countries have not set emissions targets ambitious enough to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement. Even if every country hit their targets, the temperature would still increase by more than two degrees Celsius over the next 70 years, and continue to rise into the 22nd century and beyond.
首先,各国设定的排放目标还不够远大, 以至于无法实现《巴黎协定》 的目标。 即使每个国家都达到了目标, 气温在接下来的 70 年里 仍将上升 2 摄氏度以上, 并持续上升到 22 世纪及以后。
Second, governments are simply not delivering even on their unambitious targets. Everything these 36 countries have done so far, and everything they are currently planning, will only slow the growth in emissions. We need to do more than that. To have a hope of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees, we need to cut global emissions in half by 2030 and get to net zero by 2050.
其次,各国政府甚至根本没有兑现 它们自己雄心勃勃的目标。 这 36 个国家到目前为止所做的一切, 以及它们目前正在计划的一切 只能减缓排放的增长。 我们需要做的不止这些, 希望能将全球变暖控制在 1.5 摄氏度, 我们需要在 2030 年前 将全球排放量减少一半,
Let's go through the numbers. Of the 36 countries analyzed, only two are taking enough action to restrain global warming to 1.5 degrees. The Gambia has pledged to reduce its emissions, despite being one of the developing countries that has contributed least to the problem. And Morocco is building more and more solar power. Every other country is failing.
并在 2050 年前实现零排放。 让我们来看看这些数字。 在分析的 36 个国家中, 只有两个国家采取了足够的行动 将全球变暖控制在 1.5 摄氏度。 尽管冈比亚是要为加剧该问题 承担最少责任的发展中国家之一, 它已承诺减少其排放量。 摩洛哥正在建造更多的太阳能, 其他国家都没有达到目标。
2020 is the year national governments were supposed to come together and strengthen their targets. So far, only a few have done so while others have announced they're sticking with their existing insufficient targets. Now, some countries aren't too far behind The Gambia and Morocco, such as India and Kenya. But the countries with the most advanced economies, those with the greatest capacity to innovate and help others, are shirking their responsibilities to lead. The United States is currently withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. China shows promise; its pledge to balance out its carbon emissions by 2060 could save the world as much as 0.3 degrees Celsius of global warming. But actions on the ground remain divided. China is the largest market for wind and solar power, but also for new coal-fired power plants. And the EU is taking steps in the right direction with its green deal to make member countries more sustainable. But this deal is still not enough for 1.5 degrees.
2020 年各国政府应该 团结起来、强化目标的一年。 到目前为止,只有少数国家做到了, 而其他国家则宣布保持目前局限的目标。 现在,一些国家并不比 冈比亚和摩洛哥差太多, 比如印度和肯尼亚 。 但是那些经济最发达的国家, 具有最顶尖创新能力 和帮助他人能力的国家, 却在逃避领导责任。 美国目前正在退出《巴黎协定》 。 中国承诺:要在 2060 年前, 平衡其碳排放量, 这将挽救全球 0.3 摄氏度的升温。 但是在实际行动上仍存在分歧。 中国是风电和太阳能发电的最大市场, 也是新建燃煤电厂的最大市场。 欧盟正在朝着正确的方向采取措施 通过其《绿色协议》 , 以使成员国的可持续发展程度更高, 但这一协议仍不足以 实现 1.5 摄氏度的目标。
So are there any signs of hope? One key measure is a country's willingness to clean up electricity. Clean power can enable other sectors to reduce or eliminate emissions. More than 50 countries, 30 regions, 160 cities and 200 businesses have committed to 100 percent clean electricity. Denmark, Scotland and the state of South Australia are almost there already, but much of the world still needs to commit to, and accelerate, this energy transition.
那么,还有没有希望呢? 关键的措施之一是 一个国家是否愿意清洁电力。 清洁能源可以使其他产业 减少或消除排放。 超过 50 个国家、30 个地区, 以及 160 个城市和 200 个企业 已承诺实现 100% 的清洁电力。 丹麦 、苏格兰和南澳大利亚地区 几乎已经达到了这一水平, 但世界上许多国家仍需致力于 并加快这种能源转型。
There's more good news in the transportation sector. More than 20 countries, five regions, 50 cities and 60 businesses have already committed to 100 percent emission-free cars, motorcycles and buses. Norway is mandating the end of all sales of fossil fuel cars by 2025. Meanwhile, the US is allowing companies to make cars that don't travel as far on a gallon of gas, rolling back fuel efficiency standards. Other sectors, such as steel and cement-making or aviation and shipping, are even further behind and trickier to clean up. But some steel and cement companies are developing carbon-free production, and Norway and Scotland are targeting carbon-free short-haul flights.
在交通领域有更多的好消息。 20 多个国家、5 个地区、 50 个城市和 60 家企业已经承诺 实现汽车、摩托车 和公共汽车 100% 零排放。 挪威规定到 2025 年 结束所有化石燃料汽车的销售。 与此同时,美国允许企业 以制造出一加仑油 也跑不了多远的汽车, 降低了燃油效率标准。 其他行业诸如钢铁和水泥制造 或者航空和航运则更加滞后, 清理起来也更加棘手。 但一些钢铁和水泥公司 正在开发无碳生产。 挪威和苏格兰正瞄准无碳短途航线。
In November 2015, 197 countries came together in Paris and set targets to fight climate change. These targets were already insufficient to reach the stated goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, and most are not on track to achieve even their own inadequate targets. We need more ambitious targets and much more ambitious actions. In the next decade, we need to transform key sectors of the global economy in order to reduce emissions. These changes will be difficult but not impossible, because they will also bring enormous opportunities like creating millions of jobs. And don't lose track of this key point: such a transformation will also mean cleaner air and a safer, more stable climate for all.
2015 年 11 月, 197 个国家齐聚巴黎, 并制定了应对气候变化的目标。 这些目标已不足以把全球变暖 控制在 1.5 摄氏度的既定目标, 而且大多数国家甚至都没能 去实现它们自身的目标。 我们需要更雄心勃勃的目标, 以及更加雄心勃勃的行动。 在未来十年,我们需要对全球经济的 关键领域进行转型以减少碳排放。 这些改变将是困难的,但并非难以实现, 因为它们也会带来巨大的机会, 比如创造数百万个就业机会, 并且不要忘记: 这种转变还将意味着 在一个更安全、更稳定的气候中 让我们所有人拥有更清洁的空气。