Oh, excuse me! Have you ever yawned because somebody else yawned? You aren't especially tired, yet suddenly your mouth opens wide and a big yawn comes out. This phenomenon is known as contagious yawning. And while scientists still don't fully understand why it happens, there are many hypotheses currently being researched. Let's take a look at a few of the most prevalent ones, beginning with two physiological hypotheses before moving to a psychological one. Our first physiological hypothesis states that contagious yawning is triggered by a specific stimulus, an initial yawn. This is called fixed action pattern. Think of fixed action pattern like a reflex. Your yawn makes me yawn. Similar to a domino effect, one person's yawn triggers a yawn in a person nearby that has observed the act. Once this reflex is triggered, it must run its course. Have you ever tried to stop a yawn once it has begun? Basically impossible! Another physiological hypothesis is known as non-conscious mimicry, or the chameleon effect. This occurs when you imitate someone's behavior without knowing it, a subtle and unintentional copycat maneuver. People tend to mimic each other's postures. If you are seated across from someone that has their legs crossed, you might cross your own legs. This hypothesis suggests that we yawn when we see someone else yawn because we are unconsciously copying his or her behavior. Scientists believe that this chameleon effect is possible because of a special set of neurons known as mirror neurons. Mirror neurons are a type of brain cell that responds equally when we perform an action as when we see someone else perform the same action. These neurons are important for learning and self-awareness. For example, watching someone do something physical, like knitting or putting on lipstick, can help you do those same actions more accurately. Neuroimaging studies using fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging, show us that when we seem someone yawn or even hear their yawn, a specific area of the brain housing these mirror neurons tends to light up, which, in turn, causes us to respond with the same action: a yawn! Our psychological hypothesis also involves the work of these mirror neurons. We will call it the empathy yawn. Empathy is the ability to understand what someone else is feeling and partake in their emotion, a crucial ability for social animals like us. Recently, neuroscientists have found that a subset of mirror neurons allows us to empathize with others' feelings at a deeper level. (Yawn) Scientists discovered this empathetic response to yawning while testing the first hypothesis we mentioned, fixed action pattern. This study was set up to show that dogs would enact a yawn reflex at the mere sound of a human yawn. While their study showed this to be true, they found something else interesting. Dogs yawned more frequently at familiar yawns, such as from their owners, than at unfamiliar yawns from strangers. Following this research, other studies on humans and primates have also shown that contagious yawning occurs more frequently among friends than strangers. In fact, contagious yawning starts occurring when we are about four or five years old, at the point when children develop the ability to identify others' emotions properly. Still, while newer scientific studies aim to prove that contagious yawning is based on this capacity for empathy, more research is needed to shed light on what exactly is going on. It's possible that the answer lies in another hypothesis altogether. The next time you get caught in a yawn, take a second to think about what just happened. Were you thinking about a yawn? Did someone near you yawn? Was that person a stranger or someone close? And are you yawning right now? (Yawn) (Lip smacking)
Biborin! Gava yekî bawişk anî hûn jî bawişk diênin? Hûn ne westiyayî bin jî devê we vedibe û bawişkeke mezin çê dibe. Ji vê re ''bawişkîna vegir'' dibêjin. Zanist sedema vê baş nizanibin jî, li ser vê gelek teorî hene. Em çend teorîya binêrin. Yekem teorîyên fîzyolojîk dû re jî ya psîkolojîk binêrin. Ya fîzyolojîk dibêje ku, bawişkîna vegir piştê bawişkekê belav dibe. Vê re "Fixed action pattern" dibêjin. "Fixed action pattern" wek refleksekî ye. Bawişkîna we dibe sedema bawişkîna min. Wek domîno ye. Bawişkîna yekê dibe sedema bawişkîneke din. Gava ev refleks bû, ji ber xwe didome. Gava hûn bawişkîn qet xwe girtiye? Ev ne mimkûn e! Teorîya fîzyolojîk ya din, wek "teqlîda bêhiş" an jî "bandora margîsê" tê zanîn. Gava em yekî teqlîd bikin ev tişt dertê holê: manewraya ser girtî û teqlîdkerê bêhemd. Mirov helwestên hev teqlîd dikin. Ku hûn cem yekî lingê xwe li ser hev re avêtî bin, hûn ê jî wisa bikin. Ji ber ku em hertim teqlîd dikin, bawişk jî tê teqlîd kirin. Gorî zanista "bandora mergîsê" bi hin noronên neynik mimkûn e. Noronên neynik hûcreyên mêjî ne. Tevgerê, heke em bikin an yekê din bike ev hûcre wek hev dixebitin. Ev noron ji bo hînbûnê jî girîng in. Mînak, ku hûn yekî rûj dike temaşe bikin, hûne jî baştir rûj bikin. Gorî xebatên bi fMRG'ê, gava em bawişkînekî dibînin û dengê bawişkê tê me, noronên mêjî hişyar dibin encama vê de em jî bawişk tînin. Teorîya psîkolojîk jî li ser şixûlîna noronên neynik e. Em vê teorîyê re bawişkîna empatîk dibêjin. Empatî, fem kirin û parvekirina hîs û hestan e ji bo mirovan gelek girîng e. Zanistên norolog dîtin ku empatîyên mezin bi van noronan pêk tê. Zanist dema teorîya yekem diceribandin, ev tepkîya empatîk dîtin. Ev xebat ji bo çêbûna refleksa bawîşkînê hate kirin. Xebatên wan ew piştgirî kirin, Lê zanista tiştekî balkêş dîtin. Seg, li gorî yên xerîban dema dengê bawişka xwediye xwe dibihîstin, bawişk dianîn. Dû vê xebatê, hate dîtin ku bawişkîna vegir navbera heval û nasan de zêdetir e. Bawişkîna vegir , dema zarokên 4-5 salî hestên mirovan hîn dibin dertê holê. li ser têkilîya bawişkîn û empatîyê lêkolînên nû bûn, lê ji bo zelalkirinê zêdetir lêkolîn pêwist in. Belkî ku bersiv di teorîyeke din de bin. Êdî dema hûn bawişkîn kêliyekê rawestin û bifikirin, ka çi bû? Hûn çi difikirîn? Nêzî we yek bawişkî? Ev xerîb bû an nas bû? Niha hûn dibawişkîn?