My journey away from violent extremism began 22 years ago, when I denounced racism and left the American white supremacist skinhead movement that I had helped build.
我遠離暴力極端主義的旅程, 從 22 年前開始, 當時我公然譴責種族主義, 並脫離了我過去協助建立的 美國白人至上光頭運動。
(Cheers and applause)
(歡呼與掌聲)
I was just 22 years old at the time, but I had already spent eight years, from the time I was 14 years old, as one of the earliest and youngest members and an eventual leader within America's most violent hate movement.
那時我才 22 歲, 但我已經花了 8 年時間, 也就是從 14 歲開始, 成為最早也最年輕就加入 美國最暴力的仇恨運動的成員, 最終還成了領導人。
But I wasn't born into hate; in fact, it was quite the opposite. I had a relatively normal childhood. My parents are Italian immigrants who came to the United States in the mid-1960s and settled on the South Side of Chicago, where they eventually met, and opened a small beauty shop. Right after I was born, things got a little bit more difficult. They struggled to survive with raising a young family and a new business, often working seven days a week, 14 hours a day, taking on second and third jobs just to earn a meager living. And quality time with my parents was pretty nonexistent. Even though I knew they loved me very much, growing up, I felt abandoned. I was lonely, and I started to withdraw, and then I started to resent my parents and become very angry. And as I was growing up, through my teenage years, I started to act out to try and get attention from my parents.
但我並非出生時就帶著仇恨的; 事實還完全相反。 我的童年很正常。 我父母是義大利移民者, 他們在 60 年代中期來到美國, 在芝加哥的南區安頓下來, 他們在那裡相識, 開了一間小型美容院。 我出生之後, 生活就比較困苦些了。 他們努力求生存,要養育小孩, 還要張羅新事業, 常常每週要工作 7 天, 每天工作 14 小時, 還要兼第 2 份、第 3 份工作 來賺一點微薄的生活費。 和我父母相處的高品質時間, 幾乎是不存在的。 雖然我知道他們很愛我, 成長過程我還是覺得被拋棄了。 我很寂寞,我開始退縮, 接著我開始怨恨我的父母, 我變得非常憤怒。 在我十幾歲的成長過程中, 我開始會付諸行動, 試著得到我父母的注意力。
And one day, when I was 14, I was standing in an alley, and I was smoking a joint, and a man who was twice my age, with a shaved head and tall black boots, came up to me, and he snatched the joint from my lips. Then he put his hand on my shoulder and he looked me in the eyes, and he said, "That's what the communists and the Jews want you to do to keep you docile." I was 14 years old, I'd been trading baseball cards and watching "Happy Days" -- I didn't really know what a Jew was.
我 14 歲時,有一天, 我站在一條巷子裡吸大麻, 一名光頭男子,年紀有我兩倍, 穿著黑色長靴, 走向我, 他把大麻煙從我的唇間奪走。 他把手放在我肩上,盯著我的雙眼, 他說: 「那正是共產黨員 和猶太人希望你做的, 讓你變得易馴服。」 我才 14 歲, 我平常會交換棒球卡 和觀賞《歡樂時光》—— 我搞不懂猶太人是什麼。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
It's true. And the only communist that I knew was the bad Russian guy in my favorite Rocky movie.
是真的。 我只知道一個共產黨員, 是個俄國壞蛋, 是我最愛的電影 《洛基》裡的角色。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
And since I'm here baring my soul with you, I can reveal that I did not even know what the word "docile" meant.
既然我來這裡向各位坦誠我的事, 我可以坦白說,我當時還不知道 「易馴服」是什麼意思。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Dead serious.
我是非常認真的。
But it was as if this man in this alley had offered me a lifeline. For 14 years, I'd felt marginalized and bullied. I had low self-esteem. And frankly, I didn't know who I was, where I belonged, or what my purpose was. I was lost. And overnight, because this man had pulled me in, and I had grabbed onto that lifeline with every fiber of my being, I had gone from "Joanie Loves Chachi" to full-blown Nazi. Overnight.
但,就彷彿巷子裡的這個男人 提供了我一條生命線。 14 年來,我一直覺得 被邊緣化、被霸凌。 我的自尊感很低。 老實說,我當時不知道 我是誰、我屬於哪裡, 或我的人生目的為何。 我迷失了。 一夜間,因為 這名男子把我拉進去, 我盡全力抓住了那條生命線。 我從《喬安娜愛恰奇》(節目) 變成了全面的納粹。 一夜間。
I started to listen to the rhetoric and believe it. I started to watch very closely as the leaders of this organization would target vulnerable young people who felt marginalized and then draw them in with promises of paradise that were broken. And then I started to recruit myself. I started to do that by making white-power music. And soon, I became the leader of that infamous organization that was led by that man in that alley who recruited me that day, who was America's first neo-Nazi skinhead and who had radicalized me. For the next eight years, I believed the lies that I had been fed. And though I saw no evidence of it whatsoever, I didn't hesitate to blame every Jewish person in the world for what I thought was a white, European genocide being promoted by them through a multiculturalist agenda. I blamed people of color for the crime and violence and the drugs in the city, completely neglecting the fact that I was committing acts of violence on a daily basis, and that in many cases, it was white supremacists who were funneling drugs into the inner cities. And I blamed immigrants for taking jobs from white Americans, completely neglecting the fact that my parents were hardworking immigrants who struggled to survive, despite not getting help from anybody else.
我開始聽他們的言論, 並相信它。 我開始近距離觀看 這個組織的領導人, 看他們針對覺得 被邊緣化的脆弱年輕人, 用被破碎的天堂承諾 吸引他們。 接著,我自己也開始招募新人。 我的做法是去做白人力量的音樂。 很快的,我就成了 那聲名狼籍的組織的領導人。 原本領導該組織的人, 就是那天在巷子裡招募我的人, 他是美國第一個新納粹光頭黨員, 也是他讓我變偏激的。 接下來的 8 年, 我相信那些餵給我的謊言。 雖然我都沒看到什麼證據, 我也毫不猶豫地責怪 世界上的每一個猶太人, 我以為有場歐洲白人大屠殺 是他們透過多文化議程來推動的。 我怪罪有色人種, 認為城市中的犯罪、 暴力、毒品是他們造成的, 我完全忽視了我自己 也在做出暴力行為, 且每天都做。 我也忽視許多案例中, 是白人至上主義者 讓毒品流入內都市。 我還怪罪移民者, 他們搶走了白種美國人的工作, 我完全忽視了我父母 就是辛勤工作的移民者, 他們努力求生存, 儘管沒有得到任何人的協助。
For the next eight years, I saw friends die, I saw others go to prison and inflict untold pain on countless victims and their families' lives. I heard horrific stories from young women in the movement, who'd been brutally raped by the very men they were conditioned to trust, and I myself committed acts of violence against people, solely for the color of their skin, who they loved, or the god that they prayed to. I stockpiled weapons for what I thought was an upcoming race war. I went to six high schools; I was kicked out of four of them, one of them, twice. And 25 years ago, I wrote and performed racist music that found its way to the internet decades later and partially inspired a young white nationalist to walk into a sacred Charleston, South Carolina, church and senselessly massacre nine innocent people.
接下來的 8 年, 我看見朋友死亡, 我看見其他人入獄, 他們把無法形容的痛苦 帶入無數的受害者 及其家人的人生中。 在運動中,我聽到年輕女性 訴說很恐怖的故事, 她們被殘忍地強暴, 而兇手是自己被訓練去信任的男人, 我自己也對人做出暴力行為, 只因為他們的膚色、 因為他們愛的人, 或因為他們向哪個神禱告。 我儲備武器,因為我 以為有種族戰爭要到來。 我換過 6 間高中; 其中 4 間把我開除, 有一間還開除我 2 次。 25 年前,我會寫 也會唱種族主義音樂, 數十年後,這音樂在網路上流傳, 部分鼓舞了一位年輕的 白人國家主義者 走進南卡羅萊納州 查爾斯頓的一間神聖教堂, 毫無感覺地屠殺了 9 個無辜的人。
But then my life changed. At 19 years old, I met a girl who was not in the movement, who didn't have a racist bone in her body, and I fell in love with her. And at 19, we got married, and we had our first son. And when I held my son in my arms in the delivery room that day, not only did I reconnect with some of the innocence that I had lost at 14 years old, but it also began to challenge the very important things that drew me to the movement to begin with: identity, community and purpose -- things that I had been struggling with as a young boy. And now, I struggled with the concept of who I was again. Was I this neo-Nazi hatemonger, or was I a caring father and husband? Was my community the one that I had manufactured around me to boost my own ego, because I felt self-hatred for myself and I wanted to project it onto others, or was it the one that I had physically given life to? Was my purpose to scorch the earth or was it to make it a better place for my family? And suddenly, like a ton of bricks hit me, I became very confused with who I'd been for the last eight years. And if only I'd been brave enough to walk away at that moment, to understand what the struggle was that was happening inside of me, then maybe tragedy could have been averted.
但,接著,我的人生改變了。 19 歲時,我遇見了一個女孩, 她不在這運動中, 她體內沒有一點點種族主義成份, 我愛上了她。 19 歲時,我們結婚了, 我們有了第一個兒子。 那天,當我在產房中 用雙手抱起我兒子時, 我不只是重新連結上了 一些我在 14 歲時 失去的純真, 一開始吸引我加入 這運動的重要因素, 也開始被我質疑,包括: 身分、社群,和目的—— 這些都是我小時候掙扎著想得到的。 現在,我再一次為了 「我是誰」的概念而掙扎。 我是這個新納粹的煽動仇恨者? 或者我是個有愛的父親和丈夫? 我的社會,是我身邊 這個被我捏造出來、 用來促進自尊、 因為我其實有著自我憎恨, 且想要投射到他人身上的社會? 還是我得著生命的那個社會? 我的目的是要把地球燒到焦黑? 或是要為了我的家庭 而讓世界成為更好的地方? 突然間,就像有一噸的 磚塊砸在我身上一樣, 我變得非常困惑, 不知道過去 8 年的我是誰。 真希望我當時夠勇敢,能一走了之, 去了解在我內在 所發生的掙扎是什麼, 那麼也許悲劇可以被避免。
Instead, I did compromise. I took myself off the streets for the benefit of my family, because I was nervous that maybe I could go to jail or end up dead, and they would have to fend for themselves. So I stepped back as a leader, and instead I opened a record store that I was going to sell white-power music in, of course, because I was importing it in from Europe. But I knew that if I was just a racist store selling racist music the community would not allow me to be there. So I decided I was going to also stock the shelves with other music, like punk rock and heavy metal and hip-hop. And while the white-power music that I was selling was 75 percent of my gross revenue, because people were driving in from all over the country to buy it from the only store that was selling it,
但我卻選擇了妥協。 我為了家庭好,讓自己脫離了街頭, 因為我很緊張, 怕我也許會去坐牢或是送命, 我的家人就得供養自己的生活。 身為領導者,我退了一步, 我開了一間唱片行, 當然,要販售的是白人力量音樂, 我是從歐洲進口這些音樂的。 但我知道,如果這只是間販售 種族主義音樂的種族主義商店, 社區不會容許我把店開在那裡。 所以我決定我也要在架上 放些其他類型的音樂, 比如龐克搖滾樂和重金屬, 還有嘻哈音樂。 雖然我販售的白人力量音樂 佔了我總收入的 75%, 因為全國各地的人會 特別開車來買這類音樂, 這是唯一在販售這類音樂的店,
I also had customers come in to buy the other music. And eventually, they started to talk to me. One day, a young black teen came in, and he was visibly upset. And I decided to ask him what was wrong. And he told me that his mother had been diagnosed with breast cancer. And suddenly, this young black teenager, who I'd never had a meaningful conversation or interaction with, I was able to connect with, because my own mother had been diagnosed with breast cancer, and I could feel his pain. On another occasion, a gay couple came in with their son, and it was undeniable to me that they loved their son in the same profound ways that I loved mine. And suddenly, I couldn't rationalize or justify the prejudice that I had in my head.
但我也有客人進來買其他音樂。 後來,他們開始和我交談。 有一天,有一位年輕的 黑人青少年進來, 他看起來就很沮喪。 我決定問他發生了什麼事。 他告訴我,他的母親被診斷出乳癌。 我以前從未和這位年輕的黑人青少年 進行過任何有意義的 交談或互動,突然間, 我就能和他產生連結, 因為我自己的母親也被診斷出乳癌, 我能感受他的痛苦。 另外還有一次,有一對同性戀 帶著他們的兒子進來, 在我看來,他們很愛 他們的兒子,無可否認, 就和我深刻地愛著 我兒子的方式是一樣的。 突然間,我無法再將 我腦袋中的偏見給合理化 或正當化了。
I decided to pull the white-power music from the inventory when I became too embarrassed to sell it in front of my new friends. And of course, the store couldn't sustain itself, so I had to close it. At that same time, I lost nearly everything in my life. I used it as an opportunity to walk away from the movement that I'd been a part of for eight years, the only identity, community and purpose that I'd really known for most of my life. So I had nobody. I lost my livelihood because I closed the store. I didn't have a great relationship with my parents, even though they tried. And my wife and children left me, because I hadn't left the movement and disengaged quickly enough. And suddenly, I didn't know who I was again, or where I fit in or what my purpose was supposed to be. I was miserable inside, and I often woke up in the morning wishing that I hadn't.
我決定把白人力量音樂 從我的商品中拿掉, 因為我覺得在這些新朋友面前 賣這類音樂太尷尬了。 當然,店無法經營下去, 我得把店關了。 同時,我幾乎失去了 我人生中的一切。 我把它當作一個離開的機會, 脫離我參與了 8 年的運動, 脫離我大半人生中唯一知道的 身分、社區,和目的。 我無依無靠。 我失去了生計,因為我把店關了。 我和父母並沒有很好的關係, 雖然他們努力試過。 我太太和孩子離開了我, 因為我沒有及早離開運動。 突然間, 再一次,我不知道我是誰、 我適合哪裡, 或是我的人生目的應該是什麼。 我的內在非常悲慘, 我常常早上醒來時, 我希望我沒醒來。
About five years in, one of the few friends that I had was concerned about my well-being, and she came to me and she said, "You need to do something, because I don't want to see you die." And she suggested that I go apply for a job where she worked, at a company called IBM. Yeah, I thought she was crazy, too.
大約過了 5 年, 我少數幾位朋友之一 來關心我過得好不好, 她來找我,她說: 「你得做點什麼, 因為我不想看你死。」 她建議我去她工作的地方 應徵一份工作, 那間公司叫 IBM。 是啊,我也以為她瘋了。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Here I was, a closeted ex-Nazi covered in hate tattoos. I didn't go to college. I'd been kicked out of multiple high schools multiple times. I didn't even own a computer. But I went in, and somehow, miraculously, I got the job. I was thrilled.
我是個隱蔽的前納粹, 全身是仇恨的刺青。 我沒去唸大學。 我被不只一間高中踢出來不只一次。 我甚至沒有電腦。 但我去了, 不知怎麼的,很神奇的, 我得到了那份工作。 我非常興奮。
And then I became terrified to learn that they'd actually be putting me back at my old high school, the same one I got kicked out of twice, to install their computers. This was a high school where I had committed acts of violence against students, against faculty; where I had protested out in front of the school for equal rights for whites and even had a sit-in in the cafeteria to try and demand a white student union.
接著,我知道了 一件讓我很惶恐的事, 他們要安排我回到我以前的高中, 我被這間高中退學 2 次, 去那裡安裝電腦。 在這間高中,我做過暴力的行為, 對學生、對教職員, 我曾在這間學校前面抗議, 爭取白人權利, 甚至還在自助食堂靜坐抗議, 要求要有一個白人學生會。
And of course, as karma would have it, within the first couple of hours, who walks right by me but Mr. Johnny Holmes, the tough black security guard I had gotten in a fistfight with, that got me kicked out the second time and led out in handcuffs from the school. He didn't recognize me, but I saw him, and I didn't know what to do. I was frozen; I was this grown man now, years out of the movement, and I was sweating and I was trembling. But I decided I had to do something. And I decided I needed to suffer under the weight of my past, because for five years I had tried to outrun it. I'd tried to make new friends and cover my tattoos with long sleeves, and I wouldn't admit it because I was afraid of being judged the same way I had judged other people. Well, I decided I was going to chase Mr. Holmes out to the parking lot -- probably not the smartest decision that I made.
當然,真的是命中注定, 在最初的幾個小時中, 走過我旁邊的人偏偏 就是強尼赫姆斯先生, 很強悍的警衛,我和他打過一架, 這事造成我第 2 次被退學, 而且是帶著手銬離開學校的。 他沒認出我, 但我看到了他, 我不知道該怎麼做, 我呆住了,我那時是個成人了, 離開運動也有好幾年, 我滿身是汗,不停發抖。 但我決定,我得做點什麼。 我決定,我得要背負起 過去的重量,承擔起這痛苦, 因為 5 年來我一直試著逃脫過去。 我試著交新朋友, 用長袖把刺青蓋住, 我不會承認它, 因為我害怕會被別人評斷, 就像我評斷別人那樣。 我決定我要去追赫姆斯先生, 追到停車場—— 可能不是個很聰明的決定。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
But when I found him, he was getting into his car, and I tapped him on the shoulder. And when he turned around and he recognized me, he took a step back because he was afraid. And I didn't know what to say. Finally, the words came out of my mouth, and all I could think to say was, "I'm sorry." And he embraced me, and he forgave me. And he encouraged me to forgive myself. He recognized that it wasn't the story of some broken go-nowhere kid who was going to just join a gang and go to prison. He knew that this was the story of every young person who was vulnerable, who was searching for identity, community and purpose, and then hit a wall and was unable to find it and went down a dark path. And he made me promise one thing, that I would tell my story to whoever would listen. That was 18 years ago, and I've been doing it ever since.
但當我找到他時,他正要上他的車, 我拍了他的肩膀。 當他轉身時,他認出我了, 出於害怕,他退後了一步。 我不知道該說什麼。 終於,我開口了, 我只能想出這幾個字: 「我很抱歉。」 他擁抱了我, 他原諒了我。 他也鼓勵我原諒我自己。 他了解到,我的故事並不是 一個破碎且一無所成的孩子, 會去加入幫派然後去坐牢。 他知道,這是個脆弱 年輕人常見的故事, 他們在尋找身分、社區,和目的。 卻碰壁了, 無法找到, 因而走上了黑暗之路。 他要我向他保證一件事, 保證我會說出我的故事, 給任何願意聽的人。 那是 18 年前, 我從此就一直在這麼做。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
You might be asking yourself right now: How does a good kid from a hardworking immigrant family end up going down such a dark path? One word: potholes. That's right. Potholes. I had a lot of potholes when I was kid. We all had them -- you know, the things in life that we hit that invariably just kind of nudge us off our path, and if they remain unresolved or untreated or not dealt with, sometimes we can get dangerously lost down pretty dark corridors. Potholes can be things like trauma, abuse, unemployment, neglect, untreated mental health conditions, even privilege. And if we hit enough potholes on our journey in life, and we don't have the resources or the help to navigate around them or to pull us out, well, sometimes good people end up doing bad things.
你們現在可能正在心中問: 一個好孩子,來自 辛勤工作的移民家庭, 怎麼會走上這麼黑暗的路? 兩個字:凹坑。 沒錯。凹坑。 我小時候,我遇到很多凹坑。 我們大家都有過—— 這裡的凹坑指的是我們 在人生道路上遇到, 把我們推離了我們的正途的東西, 如果它們一直沒被解決, 沒被治療, 沒被處理, 有時,我們會危險地 迷失在黑暗的走廊。 凹坑有可能是創傷、 虐待、失業、 忽視、 沒治療的心理疾病、 甚至特權。 如果在人生旅途上壓到很多, 且沒有資源或協助來幫我們繞過它們 或把我們拉出來, 有時,好人最後也會做出壞事。
One such person who had potholes is Darrell. Darrell is from upstate New York. He had read my memoir, and he was really upset about the ending. You see, I'd gotten out of the movement and he was still in. And he emailed me and he said, "I didn't really like the way that turned out." And I said, "Well, I'm sorry."
有一個人也遇到凹坑,他叫戴洛。 戴洛來自紐約的邊遠地區。 他讀了我的回憶錄, 他對結局非常失望。 你知道的,我脫離了運動, 他卻還在其中。 他寫信給我,說: 「我不喜歡最後的轉變。」 我說:「喔,我很抱歉。」
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
"But if you want to talk about it, we could certainly do that."
「但如果你想談談, 我們可以談談。」
And after a couple of weeks of going back and forth with Darrell, I learned he was a 31-year-old military veteran who had been injured and was really angry about not being able to go to Afghanistan to kill Muslims. And one day on the phone, he told me that he had seen a Muslim man in the park praying, and that all he wanted to do was kick him in the face. I flew to Buffalo the next day, and I sat down with Darrell, and I asked him, "Have you ever met a Muslim person before?" And he said, "No! Why the hell would I want to do that? They're evil. I don't want anything to do with them." I said, "OK." So I excused myself, and I went into the bathroom and I took my phone out in the bathroom, and I Googled the local mosque, and I called them very quietly from the bathroom, and I said, "Excuse me, imam, I need a favor. I have a Christian man who would really love to learn more about your religion."
和戴洛來來回回幾星期之後, 我知道他 31 歲, 是受傷而退伍的軍人, 對於無法回到阿富汗去殺穆斯林 感到很憤怒。 有天,在電話上, 他告訴我,他看到 一名穆斯林男子在公園祈禱, 他只想做一件事, 就是一腳踢在那個人臉上。 我隔天飛到水牛城, 我和戴洛坐下來談, 我問他: 「你以前有認識過 任何一個穆斯林嗎?」 他說:「沒有! 我為什麼會想要這麼做? 他們很邪惡。我不想 和他們扯上關係。」 我說:「好吧。」 所以我請他讓我 暫時離開去一下洗手間, 我到洗手間就拿出手機, 我上網搜尋了當地的清真寺, 我在洗手間小聲地打電話給他們, 說:「不好意思,伊瑪目,我需要幫忙。 (註:imam,伊斯蘭教的領袖) 我這有個基督徒, 他真的很想多了解你們的宗教。」
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
"Do you mind if we stop by?"
「你介不介意我們去拜訪?」
Well, it took some convincing for Darrell to go, but finally we got there, and when I knocked on the door, the imam said he only had 15 minutes left for us, because he was preparing for a prayer service. I said, "We'll take it." We went in, and two and a half hours later, we came out after hugging and crying and, very strangely, bonding over Chuck Norris for some reason.
我花了點功夫說服戴洛, 終於我們去了那裡, 當我敲門時, 伊瑪目說,他只能 給我們 15 分鐘, 因為他要準備祈禱儀式。 我說:「沒問題。」 我們進去裡面, 在裡面的這兩個半小時, 我們哭著擁抱彼此, 很奇妙的是我們還因為某種原因,
(Laughter)
透過羅禮士產生連結。 (註:空手道冠軍、美國演員)
(笑聲)
I don't know what it was about that, but that's what happened. And I'm happy to say now that Darrell and the imam, you can often find them at the local falafel stand, having lunch together.
我不知道那是怎麼回事, 但就是發生了。 我很高興告訴各位, 現在常常可以在當地的 中東蔬菜球攤子看到戴洛和伊瑪目 一起吃中餐。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
You see, it's our disconnection from each other. Hatred is born of ignorance. Fear is its father, and isolation is its mother. When we don't understand something, we tend to be afraid of it, and if we keep ourselves from it, that fear grows, and sometimes, it turns into hatred. Since I've left the movement, I've helped over a hundred people disengage from extremist movements, from white supremacist groups --
原因只是因為 我們和彼此沒有連結。 仇恨是來自忽視。 它的父親是恐懼,母親是孤立。 我們傾向會害怕自己不了解的東西, 若我們讓自己不要去接近, 恐懼就會加劇,有時會轉變為仇恨。 離開運動之後, 我已協助過超過一百個人 脫離白人至上主義團體的 極端主義運動——
(Applause)
(掌聲)
to even jihadist groups. And the way I do that is not by arguing with them, not by debating them, not by even telling them they're wrong, even though, boy, I want to sometimes. I don't do that. Instead, I don't push them away. I draw them in closer, and I listen very closely for their potholes, and then I begin to fill them in. I try to make people more resilient, more self-confident, more able to have skills to compete in the marketplace so that they don't have to blame the other, the other that they've never met.
甚至連聖戰團體也有。 我的做法,並不是和他們爭論, 不是和他們辯, 甚至不會跟他們說他們錯了, 即使有時我真的好想這樣做。 我不會那麼做。 反之,我不會把他們推開。 我把他們拉得更近, 我非常注意地傾聽他們的凹坑, 接著我開始把凹坑填起來。 我試著讓人們更有韌性, 更有自信, 更能夠有技能在市場中競爭, 這樣他們就不用責怪對方, 他們從來沒認識過的對方。
I'd like to just leave you with one last thing before I go. Of all the people I've worked with, they will all tell you the same thing. One, they became extremists because they wanted to belong, not because of ideology or dogma. And second, what brought them out was receiving compassion from the people they least deserved it from, when they least deserved it.
在我結束之前, 我想再留給各位一個想法。 所有我幫助過的人, 他們都會告訴你同樣的事。 第一,他們變成極端主義分子 因為他們想有所歸屬, 而不是因為意識形態或教義。 第二,讓他們脫離的原因, 是得到同理心, 來自最不應該同理他們的人, 在他們最不值得被同理的時候。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
So I would like to leave you with a challenge: go out there today, tomorrow -- hopefully every day -- find somebody that you think is undeserving of your compassion and give it to them, because I guarantee you, they're the ones who need it the most.
所以我想留給各位一個挑戰: 離開這裡之後, 今天、明天,希望是每一天, 找到一個你認為不值得你同理的人, 去同理他, 因為,我敢保證, 他們是最需要同理心的人。
Thank you very much.
非常謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)