The longest journey that I have ever taken. That was in 2002. I was only 19 years old. It was the first time I had ever been on an airplane and the first time that I had left my country, Rwanda.
Safari ndefu ambayo nimewahi kusafiri, Ilikuwa ni mwaka 2002 Nilikuwa na miaka 19 Ilikuwa ni mara ya kwanza kupanda ndege na mara ya kwanza kutoka nje ya nchi. Rwanda,
I had to move thousands of kilometers away to follow a dream. A dream I have had ever since I was a child. And that dream was to become an architect. That was impossible at the time in my country. There were no schools of architecture. So when I got a scholarship to study in China, I left my life and my family behind and I moved to Shanghai.
Ilibidi niende umbali wa maelfu ya kilometa kufwata ndoto zangu. Ndoto niliyokuwa nayo tangu utotoni, Na hiyo ndoto ilikuwa ni kuwa msanifu majengo. Kipindi hicho ilikuwa haiwezekani nchini mwangu. Kulikuwa hamna shule za usanifu majengo. Kwahiyo nilivyopata msaada wa kwenda kusoma china, niliacha maisha yangu na familia nyuma nikahamia Shanghai.
It was an amazing time. This country was going through a major building boom. Shanghai, my new home, was quickly turning into a skyscraper city. China was changing. World-class projects were built to convey a new image of development. Modern, striking engineering marvels were going up literally everywhere. But behind these facades, exploitation of huge numbers of migrant workers, massive displacement of thousands of people made these projects possible. And this fast-paced development also contributed significantly to the pollution that is haunting China today.
Ilikuwa ni wakati mzuri Nchi ilikuwa inapitia mlipuko wa majengo. Shanghai nyumbani kwangu kupya ilikuwa inabadilika kuwa mji wenye maghorofa mengi. China ilikuwa inabadilika Mipango mji mipya ilijengwa ili kuleta muonekano mpya wa maendeleo. Majengo mapya ya kustaajabisha yalikuwa yanajengwa kila sehemu, Lakini nyuma ya hii yote, utumikwishaji wa wafanyakazi wengi wa kigeni, utenganeshwaji wa maelfu ya watu uliifanya hii miradi ifanikiwe. Na haya maendeleo ya haraka yalichangia kuchafua mazingira kwa kiasi kikubwa. amabayo ina hatarisha China leo.
Fast-forward to 2010, when I went back home to Rwanda. There, I found development patterns similar to what I saw in China. The country was and still is experiencing its own population and economic growth. The pressure to build cities, infrastructure and buildings is at its peak, and as a result, there is a massive building boom as well.
Mnamo mwaka 2010 nilivyorudi nyumbani Rwanda Kule, nikakuta maendeleo yanayofanina na China. Nchi ilikuwa na bado ina pitia ukuaji wake wa kiuchumi na kijamii,. Msukumo wa kujenga miji , miundombini na majengo. upo kwenye ukubwa wake na matokeo yake, kuna mlipuko wa majengo pia.
This is the reality across the entire continent of Africa, and here's why. By 2050, Africa's population will double, reaching 2.5 billion people. At this point, the African population will be slightly less than the current population of China and India combined. The infrastructure and buildings needed to accommodate this many people is unprecedented in the history of humankind. We have estimated that by 2050, we have to build 700,000,000 more housing units, more than 300,000 schools and nearly 100,000 health centers.
Huu ndo uhalisia ulioko kwenye bara zima la Africa, Na hii ndo sababu. Ifikapo mwaka 2050, idadi ya watu Africa itakuwa mara mbili. Kufikia watu billioni 2.5. Ifikapo hapo Idadi ya watu wa Africa itakuwa pungufu kidogo kuzidi ilivyo sasa ya China na India. Miundombinu na majengo yanayohitajika kuhimili watu wengi kiasi hiki haijategemewa kwenye historia ya binadamu. Tumekisia kwamba ifikapo mwaka 2050 inabidi tujenge zaidi ya nyumba 700,000,000 shule takribani 300,000 na sehemu za huduma za kiafya zisizopungua 100,000.
Let me put that into perspective for you. Every day for the next 35 years, we have to build seven health centers, 25 schools and nearly 60,000 housing units each day, every day.
Ngoja nikupe muelekeo Kila siku kwa miaka 35 ijayo inabidi tujenge sehemu saba za huduma za afya. shule 25 na karibia uniti 60000 za nyumba kila siku, kila siku
How are we going to build all of this? Are we going to follow a model of unsustainable building and construction similar to what I witnessed in China? Or can we develop a uniquely African model of sustainable and equitable development? I'm optimistic we can. I know Africans who are already doing it. Take Nigerian architect Kunlé Adeyemi for instance, and his work in slums of coastal megacities. Places like Makoko in Lagos, where hundreds of thousands of people live in makeshift structures on stilts on water, without government infrastructure or services. A community at great risk of rising sea levels and climate change. And yet, people who live here are examples of great ingenuity and the will to survive. Kunlé and his team have designed a prototype school that is resilient to rising sea levels. This is Makoko School. It's a floating prototype structure that can be adapted to clinics, to housing, to markets and other vital infrastructure this community needs. It's an ingenious solution that can ensure this community lives safely on the waters of Lagos.
Tutawezaje kujenga hivi vyote? Je tutafwata mfano wa ujenzi usio salama kama ule wa China? Au tutaweza kutengeneza wa kwetu wa kipekee wa Africa. Ambao utakuwa wa kuridhisha na wa faida kwa maendeleo? Nina amini tunaweza. Nawajua Wa Africa ambao tayari wanaufanya. Mfano msanifu majengo wa Nigeria Kunlé Adeyemi, Na kazi zake kwenye mitaa ya Pwani za miji mikubwa. Sehemu kama Makoko Lagos Ambapo mamia maelfu ya watu wanaishi kwenye vijijumba vya kushona vilivyo juu ya maji, bila miundo mbinu ya serikali wala huduma za kijamii. Jamii iliyo katika hatari ya muongezeko wa maji na mabadiliko ya tabia nchi. Lakini bado watu wanaoishi hapo ni mfano wa wapambanaji na wenye nia ya kuishi. Kunlé na timu yake wametengeneza shule ya mifano. Ambayo inavumilia maji ya bahari yanyoongezeka. Hii ni shule ya Makoko. Ni mfano wa jengo linaloeleya ambalo linaweza kutumika kwenye kliniki, nyumba na masoko na miundombinu mingine ambayo hii jamii inahitaji. Ni moja la jibu la kipekee amabalo linaweza hakikisha maisha ya hii jamii ambayo inaishi kwenye maji ya Lagos.
This is Francis Kéré. He works in the country where he comes from, Burkina Faso. Kéré and his team have designed projects that use traditional building techniques. Kéré and his team working in the communities have developed prototype schools that the whole community, similar to every project in the villages of this country, comes together to build. Children bring stones for the foundation, women bring water for the brick manufacturing, and everybody works together to pound the clay floors. Working with the community, Kéré and his team have created projects that function better, with adequate lighting and adequate ventilation. They're appropriate for this particular context and really, really beautiful as well.
Huyu ni Francis Kéré. Anafanya kazi kwenye nchi anayotokea. Burkina Faso. Kéré na timu yake wametengeneza miradi ambayo inatumia njia za kitamaduni za ujenzi. Kéré na timu yake wanafanya kazi kwenye jamii na wametengeneza shule za mifano ambazo jamii nzima. zinafanana na kila mradi kwenye vijiji vya nchi hii inakuja pamoja kujenga. Watoto wanaleta mawe kwa ajili ya msingi, wanawake wanaleta maji kwa ajili ya upauaji wa matofali, na kila mtu anafanya kazi kubonda sakafu za udongo pamoja na jamii, Kéré na timu yake wametengeneza miradi inayofanya kazi vizuri kwa mwanga na uingizaji hewa wa kutosha. Zinafaa kwenye huu mstakabali na ni nzuri mno mno.
For the past seven years, I have been working as an architect at MASS Design Group. It's a design firm that began in Rwanda. We have worked in several countries in Africa, focusing on this more equitable and sustainable model of architectural practice, and Malawi is one of those countries. It's a country with beautiful, remote landscapes with high-peak mountains and fertile valleys. But it also has one of the worst maternal mortality rates in the world. A pregnant woman in Malawi either gives birth at home, or she has to walk a really long journey to the nearest clinic. And one out of 36 of these mothers dies during childbirth.
Kwa miaka saba iliyopita, nimekuwa nikifanya kazi kama msanifu majengo wa MASS Design Group. Ni kampuni ya ubunifu iliyoanzishwa Rwanda. Tumefanya kazi na nchi nyingi Africa, Tukilenga huu mpango wa kukidhi na wenye faida, wa usanifu majengo. Na Malawi ni moja ya hizo nchi. Ni nchi yenye mazingira mazuri yaliyojificha. yenye milima yenye vilele virefu na ardhi yenye rutuba. Lakini pia ina idadi kubwa za vifo vya kina mama duniani. Mwanamke mwenye mimba Malawi huzalia nyumbani au hutembea safari ndefu kuelekea kliniki ya karibu. Na moja kati ya kina mama 36 anafariki wakati wakujifungua.
In Malawi, with our team at MASS Design Group, we designed the Kasungu Maternity Waiting Village. This is a place women come to six weeks before their due dates. Here they receive prenatal care and train in nutrition and family planning. At the same time, they form a community with other expectant mothers and their families. The design of the of Kasungu Maternity Waiting Village borrows from the vernacular typologies of Malawi villages and is built using really simple materials and techniques. The earth blocks that we used were made from the same soil of this site. This reduces the carbon footprint of this building, but first and foremost, it provides a safe and dignified space for these expectant mothers.
Malawi na timu yetu ya MASS Design Group Tumetengeneza kijij cha kina mama cha kusubiria kujifungua. Hii ni sehemu ambayo wanawake wanakuja wiki 6 kabla ya kujifungua. Hapa wanapata matunzo ya uzazi na kujifunza kuhusu lishe na uzazi wa mpango. Wakati huo huo wanatengeneza umoja na wakina mama wengine wanaosubiria kujifungua na familia zao. Muundo wa kijiji cha kusubiria kujifungulia cha Kasungu inaazima ukienyeji wa vijiji vya Malawi na imejengwa kutumia nyenzo na mbinu rahisi . Matofali tunayotumia yametengenezwa na udongo wa kwenye eneo hili hili Hii inapunguza matumizi ya cabon kwenye jengo hili, lakini kabla ya yote. Inaleta sehemu safi na inayofaa kwa ajili ya akina mama.
These examples show that architecture and design have the power and the agency to address complex problems. But more to point, that we can develop a model of effective solutions for our communities. But these three examples are not enough. 300 more examples will not be enough. We need a whole community of African architects and designers to lead with thousands more examples.
Hii mifano inaonesha kuwa majengo na miundo ina nguvu na uwezo wa kutatua matatizo yanayotukabiri. Lakini la umuhimu zaidi tunaweza tengeneza mifano ya kutatua matatizo kwenye jamii zetu. Lakini mifano hii mitatu haitoshi Mifano mingine 300 haitotosha. Tunahitaji jamii nzima ya waasnifu majengo na wabunifu wa ki Afrika. Waongoze kwa mifano mingi zaidi
In May of this year, we convened a symposium on African architecture, in Kigali, and we invited many of the leading African designers and architectural educators working across the continent. We all had one thing in common. Every single one of us went to school abroad and outside of Africa. This has to change. If we are to develop solutions unique to us, rather than attempting to turn Kigali into Beijing, or Lagos into Shenzhen, we need a community that will build the design confidence of the next generation of African architects and designers.
Mnamo Mei mwaka huu tulifanya mkutano wa wasanifu majengo wa Africa, Kigali, na tukawaalika wabunifu wengi wa Africa na waalimu wa usanifu majengo wanaofanya kazi ndani ya bara hili Sote tulikuwa na jambo moja la kufanana Sote tulisoma shule ulaya na nje ya Africa Hii inabidi ibadilike. Kama tunataka kutengeneza mipango inayoendana na sisi kulikoni kutaka kuibadilisha Kigali iwe Beijing au Lagos iwe Shenzen tunahitaji jamii itakayojenga miundo ya kujiamini ya jamii inayokuja ya wasanifu majengo na wabunifu wa ki Africa.
(Applause)
(Makofi)
In September last year, we launched the African Design Centre to start building this community. We admitted 11 fellows from across the continent. It's a 20-month-long, design-build fellowship program. Here, they are learning to tackle big challenges such as urbanism and climate change, as Kunlé and his team have. They're working with communities to develop innovative building solutions and processes, as Kéré and his team have. They're learning to understand the health impact of better buildings as we at MASS Design Group have been researching for the past several years. The crowning moment of the fellowship is a real project that they designed and built.
Mnamo September mwaka jana, tulianzisha kituo cha ubunifu cha Africa tuanze kujenga hii jamii Tuliwaweka wanafunzi 11 kutoka kwenye bara zima. Ni kozi inayodumu kwa miezi 20 Hapa wanajifunza kukabiliana na vikwazo vikubwa kama mabadiliko ya tabia hewa na mipango miji kama ambavyo Kunlé na timu yake wamefanya. Wanafanya kazi na jamii kuendeleza mipango ya ujenzi na miundo mbinu kama ambavyo Kéré na timu yake wamefanya. Wanajifunza kuelewa umuhimu wa kiafya wa majengo mazuri kama ambavyo sisi wa MASS Design Group tumekuwa tukifanya uchunguzi kwa miaka kadhaa iliyopita. Muda wa sifa wa huu ushirika ni mradi walio sanifu na kujenga.
This is Ruhehe Primary School, the project they designed. They immersed themselves in the community to understand the challenges but also uncover opportunities, like using a wall made of local volcanic stone to turn the entire campus into a space of play and active learning. They evaluated the environmental conditions and developed a roof system that maximizes daylight and improves acoustic performance. The construction at Ruhehe Primary School will begin this year.
Hii ni shule ya msingi ya Ruhehe, mradi walio usanifu. Walijikita kwenye jamii ili waelewe matatizo yanayoikabili. Lakini pia kuzindua njia mpya, kama vile kutumia ukuta uliotengenezwa na mawe ya volkano. kubadilisha mazingira mazima ya chuo kuwa sehemu ya kucheza na kujifunza. Walitathimini hali ya mazingira, na kutengeneza mfumo wa paa ambao unaongeza mwanga wa jua na unaongeza utendaji wa sauti. Ujenzi wa shule ya msingi ya Ruhehe utaanza mwaka huu.
(Applause)
(Makofi)
And over the coming months, the African Design Centre fellows are going to work hand-in-hand with the Ruhehe community to build it.
Na kwenye miezi inayofuatia wasomi wa chuo cha ubunifu cha Afrika watafanya kazi moja kwa moja na jamii ya Ruhehe kuijenga.
When we asked the fellows what they want to do after their African Design Centre fellowship, Tshepo from South Africa said he wants to introduce this new way of building into his country, so he plans to open a private practice in Johannesburg. Zani wants to expand opportunities for women to become engineers. Before joining the African Design Centre, she helped start, in Nairobi, an organization to bridge the gender gaps for women in engineering fields, and she hopes to take this movement across Africa, eventually the whole world. Moses, from South Sudan, the world's newest country, wants to open the first polytechnic school that will teach people how to build using local materials from his country. Moses had to be determined to become an architect. The civil war in his country frequently interrupted his architectural education. At the time he was applying to join the African Design Centre, we could hear gunshots going off in the background of his interview call. But even in the middle of this civil war, Moses hangs on to this idea that architecture can be a way to bridge communities back together. You have to be inspired by this fellow's belief that great architecture can make a difference on how the future of Africa is built.
Tulivyowauliza wanafunzi wanataka kufanya nini baada ya kukamilisha fellowshipu yao ya Ubunufu wa kiAfrica, Tsepo kutoka South Africa alisema, anataka kutambulisha hii namna mpya ya kujenga nchini kwake. Kwa hivyo ana mpango wa kufungua kampuni yake binafsi Johannesburg, Zani anataka kutanua nafasi kwa wanawake wawe wahandisi. kabla ya kujiunga na kituo cha Ubunifu cha Afrika. alisaidia kuanzisha, Nairobi, shirika la kusaidia kuziba pengo la wanawake kwenye sekta ya uhandisi, na anategemea kupeleka huu msimamo Afrika nzima. mwishowe dunia nzima. Moses kutoka sudan ya kusini nchi mpya duniani anataka kufungua shule mpya ya ufundi wa teknolojia. ambayo itafundisha watu ujenzi kwa kutumia malighafi zilizoko nchini mwao Moses alitamani kuwa msanifu majengo. Vita za wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini kwao ziliingilia masomo yake. Wakati anajiaandaa kuanza kusoma kwenye kituo cha Ubunifu cha Afrika tulikuwa tunasikia bunduki zikilia nyuma ya simu yake ya mahojiano. Lakini katikati ya vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Moses alishikilia wazo lake la kwamba usanifu majengo unaweza kuwa njia ya kufanya jamii ziwe pamoja. Imani za mwanafunzi huyu zinatoa msukumo wa kwamba usanifu majengo unaleta tofauti, wa jinsi ambavyo Afrika inajengwa.
The unprecedented growth of Africa cannot be ignored. Imagine Africa's future cities, but not as vast slums, but the most resilient and the most socially inclusive places on earth. This is achievable. And we have the talent to make it a reality. But the journey to ready that talent for the task ahead, like my own journey, is far too long. For the next generation of African creative leaders, we have to shorten and streamline that journey. But most importantly -- and I cannot stress this enough -- we have to build their design confidence and empower them to develop solutions that are truly African but globally inspiring.
Ukuaji wa Afrika hauwezi kusahauliwa Waza miji mipya ya Afrika, lakini sio kama makazi duni lakini zenye uvumulivu na zenye jamii za kushabihiana zaidi duniani. Hili linawezekana Na tuna uwezo wa kulifanya litokee. Lakini safari ya kuandaa vipaji vya yajayo mbeleni kama safari yangu, ni ndefu sana. Kwa vizazi vijavyo vya wabunifu wa Ki Africa inabidi tufupishe hii safari. Lakini la umuhimu zaidi-- na siwezi kuliwekea msisitizo wa kutosha-- tunahitaji kujenga kujiamini kwao kiubunifu na kuwapa nguvu kutengeneza majibu ya ki Africa lakini yafae kwa dunia nzima.
Thank you very much.
Asante sana.
(Applause)
(Makofi)