Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:
Neki ljudi misle kako postoji formula za TED Govor:
"Give a talk on a round, red rug."
"Govori na okruglom, crvenom tepihu."
"Share a childhood story."
"Podijeli priču iz djetinjstva."
"Divulge a personal secret."
"Otkrij osobnu tajnu."
"End with an inspiring call to action."
"Završi s nadahnjujućim pozivom na djelovanje."
No. That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.
Ne. Tako ne treba razmišljati o TED Govoru. Zapravo, ako previše koristite te elemente, samo ćete ostaviti dojam klišeja ili emocionalnog manipulatora.
But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you,
Ali postoji jedna stvar zajednička svim odličnim TED Govorima, i ja bih je volio podijeliti s vama,
because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat, listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these. I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time, and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk.
jer posljednjih 12 godina imam sjedalo u prvom redu, slušajući stotine izvanrednih TED govornika, poput ovih. Pomogao sam im da pripreme svoje govore za nastup i učio sam od njih tajne onoga što čini odličan govor.
And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this: Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift -- a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.
I iako se ti govornici i njihove teme svi čine potpuno različitima, one zapravo imaju jedan zajednički sastojak. A to je ovo: Prvi zadatak vas kao govornika je prebaciti u um slušatelja izvanredan dar -- čudnu i prekrasnu stvar koju zovemo ideja.
Let me show you what I mean. Here's Haley. She is about to give a TED Talk and frankly, she's terrified.
Dozvolite da vam pokažem što mislim. Ovo je Haley. Ona će upravo održati TED Govor i iskreno, prestravljena je.
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
(Video) Predstavljač: Haley Van Dyck!
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Over the course of 18 minutes, 1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain and with each other. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns. And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions. There's something even more startling happening.
Tijekom 18 minuta, 1200 ljudi, od kojih se mnogi prvi put vide, osjećaju kako se njihov mozak usklađuje s Hayleyinim mozgom i s onima u okolini. Doslovno počinju pokazivati iste uzorke moždanih valova. I ne mislim samo na to da osjećaju iste emocije. Događa se nešto što će vas još više iznenaditi.
Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment. There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle. But look here, right here -- a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening. That's right; in just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1,200 minds, just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.
Pogledajmo Haylein mozak na tren. Postoje milijarde povezanih neurona u nezamislivom čvoru. Ali pogledajte ondje, točno tamo -- nekoliko milijuna njih povezano je jedni s drugima na način koji predstavlja jednu ideju. I začudo, ovaj uzorak se ponovno stvara u stvarnom vremenu, unutar mozga svih koji slušaju. Tako je, u nekoliko minuta uzorak s milijunima neurona teleportira se u 1200 umova, samo zato što ljudi slušaju glas i gledaju lice.
But wait -- what is an idea anyway? Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic.
Ali čekajte -- što je to uopće ideja? Pa, možete misliti o tome kao o uzorku informacija koji pomaže da shvatite i krećete se svijetom. Ideje dolaze u svim oblicima i veličinama, od složenih i analitičkih do jednostavnih i lijepih.
Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage. Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.
Evo samo nekoliko primjera podijeljenih na TED pozornici. Sir Ken Robinson -- kreativnost je ključ budućnosti naše djece.
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: Moja tvrdnja je ta da je kreativnost jednako važna u obrazovanju kao pismenost i trebali bismo je tretirati jednako.
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- gradnja bambusom je predivna.
(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us, it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.
(Video) Elora Hardy: Raste posvuda oko nas, snažan je, elegantan, otporan na potrese.
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- ljudi su više od jednog identiteta.
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete.
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: Jedna priča stvara stereotipe, i problem sa stereotipima nije da nisu istiniti, nego da su nepotpuni.
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly. They're carefully linked together. Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview. It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.
CA: Vaš um prepun je ideja, i ne samo nasumičnih. Pažljivo su povezane. Zajedno tvore nevjerojatno složenu strukturu koja je vaš osobni pogled na svijet. To je operativni sustav vašeg mozga. Tako se krećete kroz svijet. I izgrađen je od milijuna individualnih ideja.
So, for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently. So, it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide, to the scary but wonderful real world out there.
Na primjer, ako jedna komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet jest ta da su mačići dražesni, onda ćete kada vidite ovo, reagirati ovako. Ali ako je druga komponenta vašeg pogleda na svijet ideja da su leopardi opasni, kada vidite ovo, reagirat ćete malo drugačije. Dakle, poprilično je očito zašto su ideje koje stvaraju vaš svijet važne. Moraju biti što pouzdanije -- vodič u strašnom, ali prekrasnom stvarnom svijetu.
Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image:
Pogledi na svijet različitih ljudi mogu biti dramatično različiti. Na primjer, kako vaš pogled na svijet reagira na ovu sliku:
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? "A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"? Or "oppressed," "brainwashed," "a terrorist"?
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: Što pomislite kada me pogledate? "Ženu vjere," "stručnjakinju" ili možda "sestru"? Ili "potlačenu", "ispranog mozga", "terorista"?
CA: Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever, how someone thinks about the world, and shaping their actions both now and well into the future. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.
CA: Koji god vaš odgovor bio, postoje milijuni ljudi koji bi odgovorili potpuno drugačije. Zato su ideje zaista važne. Ako ih se pravilno komunicira, mogu zauvijek promijeniti kako netko razmišlja o svijetu i oblikovati njihova djelovanja sada i daleko u budućnosti. Ideje su najjača sila koja oblikuje ljudsku kulturu.
So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:
Ako prihvatite da vam je kao govorniku osnovni zadatak izgraditi ideju unutar umova vaše publike, evo naputaka za taj zadatak:
One, limit your talk to just one major idea. Ideas are complex things; you need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about, and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way.
Kao prvo, ograničite vaš govor na samo jednu veliku ideju. Ideje su složene stvari: trebate srezati sadržaj da se možete usredotočiti na jednu ideju za koju ste strastveni, i dajte si priliku da tu jednu stvar dobro objasnite. Morate dati kontekst, primjere, učiniti je živom. Odaberite jednu ideju i neka ona prožima cijeli vaš govor tako da je sve što kažete povezano s idejom na neki način.
Two, give your listeners a reason to care. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity. Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining. If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea.
Kao drugo, dajte onima koji vas slušaju razlog da im bude stalo. Prije nego počnete graditi stvari u umu vaše publike, morate dobiti njihovo dopuštenje da vas puste unutra. A glavni alat za postizanje toga? Znatiželja. Potaknite znatiželju vaše publike. Koristite intrigantna, provokativna pitanja kako biste objasnili zašto nešto nema smisla i treba biti objašnjeno. Ako možete otkriti nepovezanost u nečijem pogledu na svijet, oni će osjetiti potrebu da premoste tu rupu u znanju. I kada ste potakli tu želju, bit će puno lakše graditi vašu ideju.
Three, build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners' minds -- but not your language, their language. You start where they are. The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together, because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern, based on an idea that the listener already understands.
Kao treće, gradite vašu ideju, dio po dio, iz koncepata koje vaša publika već razumije. Upotrijebite moć jezika da povežete koncepte koji već postoje u umovima vaših slušatelja -- ali ne svoj jezik, njihov jezik. Počnite tamo gdje su oni. Govornici često zaborave da mnogi termini i koncepti s kojima žive potpuna su nepoznanica njihovoj publici. Metafore mogu imati ključnu ulogu u pokazivanju kako se dijelovi slažu jer otkrivaju željeni oblik uzorka na osnovi ideje koju slušatelj već razumije.
For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, "It's as if, for the first time, you had a word processor to edit DNA. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily." Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends, and find out which parts they get confused by.
Na primjer, kada je Jennifer Kahn htjela objasniti nevjerojatnu novu tehnologiju imena CRISPR, rekla je: "To je kao da prvi puta imate tekstualni procesor za uređivanje DNK-a. CRISPR omogućuje da izrežete i zalijepite genetske informacije na jednostavan način." Sad, takvo živopisno objašnjenje uzrokuje zadovoljavajući aha trenutak kada sjedne na mjesto u našim umovima. Tako da je važno testirati vaš govor na prijateljima od povjerenja i saznati na kojem dijelu se zbune.
Four, here's the final tip: Make your idea worth sharing. By that I mean, ask yourself the question: "Who does this idea benefit?" And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing. The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.
Kao četvrto, i ovo je posljednji naputak: Neka vaša ideja bude vrijedna širenja. Kad to kažem, želim reći da se zapitate: "Kome ova ideja čini dobro?" I morate biti iskreni s odgovorom. Ako ideja služi samo vama ili vašoj organizaciji, onda, žao mi je, ali vjerojatno nije vrijedna širenja. Publika će vidjeti kroz vas. Ali ako vjerujete da ideja ima potencijal da uljepša nečiji dan ili da promijeni nečiju perspektivu na bolje ili da inspirira nekog da nešto napravi drugačije, onda imate osnovni sastojak zaista odličnog govora, jednog koji može biti dar njima i svima nama.