Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:
Algunhas persoas pensan que hai unha fórmula para as charlas TED:
"Give a talk on a round, red rug."
"Dar unha charla nunha alfombra vermella."
"Share a childhood story."
"Contar unha historia da infancia."
"Divulge a personal secret."
"Divulgar un segredo persoal."
"End with an inspiring call to action."
"Rematar cunha inspiradora chamada á acción."
No. That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.
Non. Non é así como hai que pensar dunha TED. De feito, se empregades demasiado estes mecanismos, pareceredes un clixé ou un manipulador emocional.
But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you,
Pero hai unha cousa que todas as grandes charlas TED teñen en común, e gustaríame compartila con vós, porque
because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat, listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these. I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time, and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk.
nos últimos 12 anos, tiven un asento privilexiado, escoitando varios centos de fantásticos relatores TED, como estes. Axudeinos coas súas charlas de máxima audiencia, e aprendín directamente deles os segredos dunha gran charla.
And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this: Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift -- a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.
E aínda que estes relatores e os seus temas parecen completamente diferentes, todos teñen un ingrediente común. E é este: A principal tarefa como relator é transferir á mente de quen vos escoita un regalo extraordinario, un estraño e fermoso obxecto que chamamos idea.
Let me show you what I mean. Here's Haley. She is about to give a TED Talk and frankly, she's terrified.
Deixádeme explicárvolo. Aquí está Haley. Está a punto de dar unha charla TED e, francamente, está aterrada.
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
(Vídeo) Presentador: Haley Van Dyck!
(Applause)
(Aplausos)
Over the course of 18 minutes, 1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain and with each other. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns. And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions. There's something even more startling happening.
Durante 18 minutos, 1 200 persoas, moitas das cales nunca se viran antes senten que os seus cerebros se sincronizan co cerebro de Haley e entre si. Están literalmente comezando a exhibir os mesmos padróns cerebrais. E non só quero dicir que están sentindo as mesmas emocións. Ocorre algo aínda máis asombroso.
Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment. There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle. But look here, right here -- a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening. That's right; in just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1,200 minds, just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.
Imos botarlle un ollo ao cerebro de Haley un momento. Hai millóns de neuronas interconectadas nunha enleada. Pero mirade aquí, xusto aquí: uns poucos millóns están conectados entre si dun xeito que representa unha simple idea. E, incriblemente, este padrón exacto estase reconstruíndo en tempo real dentro das mentes de toda a audiencia. É así; só nun par de minutos, un padrón que implica millóns de neuronas teletranspórtase a 1 200 mentes, só con que as persoas escoiten unha voz e miren unha cara.
But wait -- what is an idea anyway? Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic.
Pero agardade, que é unha idea? Ben, podedes imaxinala como un padrón de información que axuda a entender e a navegar o mundo. As ideas veñen de moitas formas e tamaños, desde as complexas e analíticas ás simples e estéticas.
Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage. Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity is key to our kids' future.
Aquí hai un par de exemplos compartidos desde o escenario TED. Sir Ken Robinson -A creatividade é a chave do futuro dos nosos nenos.
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
(Vídeo) Sir Ken Robinson: O que sosteño é que a creatividade agora é tan importante en educación como a alfabetización e debemos tratala co mesmo status.
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -- building from bamboo is beautiful.
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy -Construír con bambú é fermoso.
(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us, it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.
(Vídeo) Elora Hardy: Medra ao redor de nós, é forte, é elegante, resiste os terremotos.
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -- people are more than a single identity.
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -A xente é máis que unha simple identidade.
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete.
Vídeo) Chimamanda Adichie: A simple historia crea estereotipos, e o problema cos estereotipos non é que sexan falsos, é que son incompletos.
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly. They're carefully linked together. Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview. It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.
CA: A vosa mente reborda ideas, e non o fai aleatoriamente. Están coidadosamente conectadas. Colectivamente, forman unha incrible estrutura complexa que é a vosa persoal visión do mundo. É o sistema operativo do voso cerebro. É como navegades polo mundo. E componse de millóns de ideas individuais.
So, for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently. So, it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible -- a guide, to the scary but wonderful real world out there.
Se, por exemplo, un pequeno compoñente da vosa visión do mundo é a idea de que os gatiños son adorables, entón, ao verdes isto, reaccionaredes así. Pero se outro compoñente da vosa visión do mundo é a idea de que os leopardos son perigosos, entón, ao verdes isto, reaccionaredes de forma un pouco distinta. Así que é bastante obvio que as ideas que forman a vosa visión do mundo son cruciais. Necesitades que sexan o máis fiables que sexa posible, unha guía para o temible pero marabilloso mundo real de aí fóra.
Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image:
Agora ben, as diferentes visións do mundo da xente poden ser moi diferentes. Por exemplo, como reacciona a vosa visión do mundo cando vedes esta imaxe:
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? "A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"? Or "oppressed," "brainwashed," "a terrorist"?
(Vídeo) Dalia Mogahed: Que pensades cando me vedes? "Unha muller de fe", "unha experta", mesmo ata "unha irmá"? Ou "oprimida", "co cerebro lavado" "unha terrorista"?
CA: Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever, how someone thinks about the world, and shaping their actions both now and well into the future. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.
CA: Sexa cal for a resposta, hai millóns de persoas aí fóra que reaccionarían de forma moi distinta. É por iso que as ideas importan. Se se comunican de forma axeitada, son capaces de cambiar, para sempre, a forma en que alguén ve o mundo e transformar as súas accións tanto agora coma no futuro. As ideas son a forza máis poderosa que conforma a cultura humana.
So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:
Así que se aceptades que a vosa tarefa principal como relatores é construír unha idea nas mentes da vosa audiencia, aquí van catro pautas para abordar esa tarefa:
One, limit your talk to just one major idea. Ideas are complex things; you need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about, and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way.
Primeiro, limitade a vosa charla a unha única idea. As ideas son cousas complexas; necesitades reducir o contido para poder centrarvos na idea simple que máis vos apaixona, e ter a oportunidade de explicala ben. Tedes que dar contexto, compartir exemplos, facelo real. Así que collede unha idea e facede que sexa un fío que percorra toda a vosa charla, para que todo o que digades conecte dalgunha maneira.
Two, give your listeners a reason to care. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity. Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining. If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea.
Segundo, dádelle a quen vos escoita unha razón para que lle interese. Antes de comezar a construír cousas nas mentes da vosa audiencia, tedes que ter o seu permiso para entrar. E cal é a ferramenta para conseguilo? A curiosidade. Remexede a curiosidade da vosa audiencia. Usade preguntas intrigantes, provocativas para identificar por que algo non ten sentido e precisa explicación. Se podedes revelar unha desconexión na visión do mundo de alguén, sentirán a necesidade de cubrir ese oco de coñecemento. E cando estala ese desexo é moito máis sinxelo comezar a construír a idea.
Three, build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners' minds -- but not your language, their language. You start where they are. The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together, because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern, based on an idea that the listener already understands.
Terceiro, constrúe a túa idea, peza a peza desde conceptos que a vosa audiencia coñece. Usade o poder da linguaxe para tecer xuntos conceptos que xa existen na mente de quen vos escoita pero non na vosa linguaxe, na súa linguaxe. Comezade onde están eles. Os relatores a miúdo esquecen que moitos termos e conceptos cos que conviven son completamente estraños para a súa audiencia. Ben, as metáforas xogan un rol crucial para mostrar como encaixan as pezas, porque revelan a forma desexada do padrón, baseándose nunha idea que quen escoita entende.
For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, "It's as if, for the first time, you had a word processor to edit DNA. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily." Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends, and find out which parts they get confused by.
Por exemplo, cando Jennifer Kahn quixo explicar a incrible nova biotecnoloxía chamada CRISPR, dixo: "É coma se, por primeira vez, tiverades un procesador de texto para editar ADN. O CRISPS permite cortar e pegar información xenética moi facilmente." Ben, unha explicación gráfica como esta ofrece un gran momento de clarificación mentres encaixa na nosa mente. É importante, polo tanto, probar a charla con amigos de confianza, e ver que partes atopan máis confusas.
Four, here's the final tip: Make your idea worth sharing. By that I mean, ask yourself the question: "Who does this idea benefit?" And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing. The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.
Cuarto. Aquí vai o consello final: Fai que as túas ideas merezan ser compartidas. Con isto quero dicir que te fagas esta pregunta: "A quen beneficia esta idea?" E preciso que sexades honestos coa resposta. Se a idea só vos beneficia a vós e á vosa organización, entón, sinto dicilo, probablemente non mereza a pena ser compartida. A audiencia verá a través de vós. Pero se credes que a idea ten o potencial de iluminarlle o día a alguén ou de cambiar a perspectiva de alguén para mellor ou de inspirar alguén para facer as cousas doutro xeito, entón tedes o ingrediente esencial para unha charla boa de verdade, unha que pode ser un regalo para eles e para todos nós.