Let's talk trash.
Pričajmo prljavo (o smeću, igra reči).
You know, we had to be taught to renounce the powerful conservation ethic we developed during the Great Depression and World War II. After the war, we needed to direct our enormous production capacity toward creation of products for peacetime. Life Magazine helped in this effort by announcing the introduction of throwaways that would liberate the housewife from the drudgery of doing dishes.
Znate, morali smo da naučimo da se odreknemo moćne etike očuvanja koju smo razvili tokom Velike Depresije i Drugog svetskog rata. Posle rata, trebalo je da usmerimo svoj ogromni kapacitet proizvodnje ka stvaranju proizvoda za period mira. "Life Magazine" je pomogao u tom naporu najavljujući uvođenje potrošnih stvari koje bi oslobodile domaćicu od gnjavaže pranja sudova.
Mental note to the liberators: throwaway plastics take a lot of space and don't biodegrade. Only we humans make waste that nature can't digest.
Mentalna poruka oslobodiocima: plastika za jednu upotrebu zauzima mnogo mesta i nije biorazgradiva. Samo ljudi proizvode otpad koji priroda ne može da svari.
Plastics are also hard to recycle. A teacher told me how to express the under-five-percent of plastics recovered in our waste stream. It's diddly-point-squat. That's the percentage we recycle.
Plastiku je jako teško reciklirati. Jedan nastavnik mi je rekao kako da predstavim manje od 5% plastike koja je izvađena iz naših odvoda. To je ništa-zarez-ništa. To je procenat koji recikliramo.
Now, melting point has a lot to do with this. Plastic is not purified by the re-melting process like glass and metal. It begins to melt below the boiling point of water and does not drive off the oily contaminants for which it is a sponge. Half of each year's 100 billion pounds of thermal plastic pellets will be made into fast-track trash. A large, unruly fraction of our trash will flow downriver to the sea.
E sad, tačka topljenja ima mnogo veze s ovim. Plastika se ne prečišćava ponovnim topljenjem kao staklo i metal. Počinje da se topi ispod tačke na kojoj voda ključa i ne odstranjuje uljne zagađivače koje upija kao sunđer. Polovina od godišnjih 100 milijardi loptica termalne plastike pretvoriće se u brzinsko smeće. Veliki, nesavladivi deo našeg smeća će rekama otploviti u more.
Here is the accumulation at Biona Creek next to the L.A. airport. And here is the flotsam near California State University Long Beach and the diesel plant we visited yesterday.
Ovo je taloženje kod Biona zaliva pored aerodroma. A evo i krša u blizini kalifornijskog univerziteta u Long Biču i postrojenja za desalinizaciju koje smo posetili juče.
In spite of deposit fees, much of this trash leading out to the sea will be plastic beverage bottles. We use two million of them in the United States every five minutes, here imaged by TED presenter Chris Jordan, who artfully documents mass consumption and zooms in for more detail.
Uprkos provizijama, većina ovog smeća koje pliva u more biće plastične flaše. U Sjedinjenim Državama ih potrošimo dva miliona svakih pet minuta, kako je ovde predstavio Kris Džordan, koji je divno zabeležio masovnu potrošnju i prikazao više detalja.
Here is a remote island repository for bottles off the coast of Baja California. Isla San Roque is an uninhabited bird rookery off Baja's sparsely populated central coast. Notice that the bottles here have caps on them. Bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate, PET, will sink in seawater and not make it this far from civilization. Also, the caps are produced in separate factories from a different plastic, polypropylene. They will float in seawater, but unfortunately do not get recycled under the bottle bills.
Ovo je skladište za flaše na udaljenom ostrvu, nedaleko od obale Bahe, Kalifornija. Ostrvo San Rok je nenaseljeno gnezdilište ptica udaljeno od retko naseljene centralne obale Bahe. Primetite da ovde flaše imaju zatvarače. Flaše od polietilenskog tereftalata, PET-a, potonuće u morsku vodu i neće dospeti ovako daleko od civilizacije. Takođe, čepovi se prave u odvojenim fabrikama, od drugačije plastike, polipropilena. Oni će plutati u morskoj vodi, ali nažalost neće se reciklirati po zakonu o flašama.
Let's trace the journey of the millions of caps that make it to sea solo. After a year the ones from Japan are heading straight across the Pacific, while ours get caught in the California current and first head down to the latitude of Cabo San Lucas. After ten years, a lot of the Japanese caps are in what we call the Eastern Garbage Patch, while ours litter the Philippines. After 20 years, we see emerging the debris accumulation zone of the North Pacific Gyre.
Hajde da ispratimo put miliona čepova koji sami dospeju u more. Posle godinu dana, oni iz Japana idu pravo preko Tihog okeana, dok su naši uhvaćeni u kalifornijskoj struji i prvo idu do Kabo San Lukasa. Posle deset godina, veliki broj japanskih čepova nalazi se u onome što zovemo Istočna Mrlja Smeća, dok naši zagađuju Filipine. Posle 20 godina vidimo nastajanje zone gomilanja smeća u severnopacifičkoj struji.
It so happens that millions of albatross nesting on Kure and Midway atolls in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands National Monument forage here and scavenge whatever they can find for regurgitation to their chicks. A four-month old Laysan Albatross chick died with this in its stomach. Hundreds of thousands of the goose-sized chicks are dying with stomachs full of bottle caps and other rubbish, like cigarette lighters ... but, mostly bottle caps. Sadly, their parents mistake bottle caps for food tossing about in the ocean surface.
Milioni albatrosa koji se gnezde na kurskim i Midvej ostrvima u nacionalnom parku Severozapadnih havajskih ostrva, ovde tragaju i kopaju za bilo čime čime mogu nahraniti svoje mladunce. Četvoromosečno mladunče albatrosa je uginulo sa ovim u stomaku. Stotine hiljada mladunaca veličine patke umiru sa stomacima punim čepova od flaša i drugog đubreta kao što su upaljači... Ali uglavnom čepovi od flaša. Na žalost, njihovi roditelji misle da su čepovi hrana koja pliva po površini okeana.
The retainer rings for the caps also have consequences for aquatic animals. This is Mae West, still alive at a zookeeper's home in New Orleans.
Obruči za čepove takođe ostavljaju posledice na vodene životinje. Ovo je Me Vest, još uvek živa u čuvarevoj kući u Nju Orleansu.
I wanted to see what my home town of Long Beach was contributing to the problem, so on Coastal Clean-Up Day in 2005 I went to the Long Beach Peninsula, at the east end of our long beach. We cleaned up the swaths of beach shown. I offered five cents each for bottle caps. I got plenty of takers. Here are the 1,100 bottle caps they collected. I thought I would spend 20 bucks. That day I ended up spending nearly 60.
Želeo sam da vidim kako moj rodni grad doprinosi ovom problemu, pa sam na Dan Čišćenja Obale 2005. otišao do poluostrva Long Bič na istočnom kraju naše dugačke plaže. Očistili smo otkos ove plaže. Ponudio sam po pet centi za svaki čep od flaše. Dosta ljudi je došlo. Ovde je 1100 čepova koji su sakupljeni. Mislio sam da ću potrošiti 20 dolara. Tog dana sam potrošio skoro 60.
I separated them by color and put them on display the next Earth Day at Cabrillo Marine Aquarium in San Pedro. Governor Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria stopped by to discuss the display. In spite of my "girly man" hat, crocheted from plastic shopping bags, they shook my hand. (Laughter) I showed him and Maria a zooplankton trawl from the gyre north of Hawaii with more plastic than plankton.
Odvojio sam ih po boji i izložio sledećeg Dana Zemlje u Kabrilo akvarijumu u San Pedro. Guverner Švarceneger i njegova žena Marija su zastali da prokomentarišu izloženo. Uprkos mom ženskastom šeširu, sklepanom od plastičnih kesa, rukovali su se sa mnom. Pokazao sam njemu i Mariji ulov zooplanktona iz struje severno od Havaja, u kojoj je bilo više plastike nego planktona.
Here's what our trawl samples from the plastic soup our ocean has become look like. Trawling a zooplankton net on the surface for a mile produces samples like this. And this. Now, when the debris washes up on the beaches of Hawaii it looks like this. And this particular beach is Kailua Beach, the beach where our president and his family vacationed before moving to Washington.
Evo kako izgledaju naši uzorci iz plastične supe u koju se pretvorio naš okean. Površinskim lovom mrežom za zooplankton u toku jedne milje, dobijate ovakve uzorke. I ovo. Sad, kad se smeće nasuče na plaže Havaja onda to izgleda ovako. Ova plaža je Kailua plaža, plaža na kojoj se naš predsednik odmarao sa svojom porodicom pre nego što se preselio u Vašington.
Now, how do we analyze samples like this one that contain more plastic than plankton? We sort the plastic fragments into different size classes, from five millimeters to one-third of a millimeter. Small bits of plastic concentrate persistent organic pollutants up to a million times their levels in the surrounding seawater.
Kako analiziramo ovakve uzorke, u kojima ima više plastike nego planktona? Podelimo deliće plastike u klase različitih veličina od 5mm do jedne trećine milimetra. Mali delovi plastike sadrže postojane organske zagađivače u nivoima koji su milionima puta veći nego u okolnim vodama.
We wanted to see if the most common fish in the deep ocean, at the base of the food chain, was ingesting these poison pills. We did hundreds of necropsies, and over a third had polluted plastic fragments in their stomachs. The record-holder, only two-and-a-half inches long, had 84 pieces in its tiny stomach.
Želeli smo da vidimo da li se obične ribe u dubokom okeanu, na dnu lanca ishrane, hrane ovim otrovnim pilulama. Uradili smo na stotine nekropsija, i preko trećine je imalo zagađene delove plastike u svojim stomacima. Nosilac rekorda, koji je dug samo oko 6 cm, imao je 84 komadića u svom majušnom stomaku.
Now, you can buy certified organic produce. But no fishmonger on Earth can sell you a certified organic wild-caught fish.
E sad, možete kupiti sertifikovane organske proizvode. Ali nema uzgajivača ribe na svetu koji vam može prodati sertifikovanu ribu koja je ulovljena u divljini.
This is the legacy we are leaving to future generations. The throwaway society cannot be contained -- it has gone global. We simply cannot store and maintain or recycle all our stuff. We have to throw it away. Now, the market can do a lot for us, but it can't fix the natural system in the ocean we've broken. All the king's horses and all the king's men ... will never gather up all the plastic and put the ocean back together again.
Ovo je nasleđe koje ostavljamo budućim generacijama. Potrošačko društvo ne može da se zadrži, postalo je globalno. Jednostavno ne možemo da čuvamo i održavamo ili recikliramo sve. Moramo nešto baciti. Sad, tržište može mnogo da učini za nas, ali ne može da popravi prirodni sistem okeana koji smo uništili. Svi kraljevi konji i svi kraljevi ljudi... nikada neće sakupiti svu plastiku i ponovo sastaviti okean.
Narrator (Video): The levels are increasing, the amount of packaging is increasing, the "throwaway" concept of living is proliferating, and it's showing up in the ocean.
Video: Nivoi se povećavaju, količina pakovanja se povećava, koncept odbacivanja se širi, i to se vidi u okeanu.
Anchor: He offers no hope of cleaning it up. Straining the ocean for plastic would be beyond the budget of any country and it might kill untold amounts of sea life in the process. The solution, Moore says, is to stop the plastic at its source: stop it on land before it falls in the ocean. And in a plastic-wrapped and packaged world, he doesn't hold out much hope for that, either. This is Brian Rooney for Nightline, in Long Beach, California.
Reporter: On ne daje nadu da će se to očistiti. Traganje za plastikom u okeanu bilo bi izvan budžeta svake države i moglo bi ubiti nezamislive količine morskog života u procesu. Rešenje, po Muru, je zaustaviti plastiku na njenom izvoru: zaustaviti je na kopnu pre nego što dospe u okean. I u svetu koji je upakovan u plastiku, on se ni tome ne nada mnogo. Ja sam Brajan Runi za "Nightline", iz Long Biča, Kalifornija.
Charles Moore: Thank you.
Čarls Mur: Hvala vam.