Now when we think of our senses, we don't usually think of the reasons why they probably evolved, from a biological perspective. We don't really think of the evolutionary need to be protected by our senses, but that's probably why our senses really evolved -- to keep us safe, to allow us to live. Really when we think of our senses, or when we think of the loss of the sense, we really think about something more like this: the ability to touch something luxurious, to taste something delicious, to smell something fragrant, to see something beautiful. This is what we want out of our senses. We want beauty; we don't just want function. And when it comes to sensory restoration, we're still very far away from being able to provide beauty. And that's what I'd like to talk to you a little bit about today.
Cand ne gandim la simturile noastre, nu ne gandim de obicei la motivele din cauza carora probabil s-au dezvoltat, dintr-o perspectiva biologica. Chiar nu ne imaginam nevoia evolutiva de a fi protejati de simturile noastre, dar din aceasta cauza probabil, simturile noastre au evoluat -- pentru a ne mentine in siguranta, pentru a ne permite sa traim. Sincer, cand ne imaginam simturile noastre, sau cand ne imaginam pierderea simtului, ne gandim in fapt la ceva de genul: abilitatea de a atinge ceva luxos, de a gusta ceva delicios, de a mirosi ceva parfumat, de a vedea ceva frumos. Asta este ceea ce ne dorim de la simturile noastre. Ne dorim frumusete, nu ne dorim o simpla functie. Si cand vorbim despre restabilirea senzoriala, putem spune ca suntem inca foarte departe de a fi in stare sa furnizam frumusete. Despre aceasta imi doresc sa va vorbesc putin astazi.
Likewise for hearing. When we think about why we hear, we don't often think about the ability to hear an alarm or a siren, although clearly that's an important thing. Really what we want to hear is music.
In special despre auz. Cand ne gandim la motivul pentru care auzim, nu ne gandim prea des la abilitatea de a auzi o alarma sau o sirena, desi cu siguranta acesta este un lucru important. Ceea ce ne dorim cu adevarat sa auzim este muzica.
(Music)
Muzica.♫
So many of you know that that's Beethoven's Seventh Symphony. Many of you know that he was deaf, or near profoundly deaf, when he wrote that. Now I'd like to impress upon you how unusual it is that we can hear music. Music is just one of the strangest things that there is. It's acoustic vibrations in the air, little waves of energy in the air that tickle our eardrum. Somehow in tickling our eardrum that transmits energy down our hearing bones, which get converted to a fluid impulse inside the cochlea and then somehow converted into an electrical signal in our auditory nerves that somehow wind up in our brains as a perception of a song or a beautiful piece of music. That process is entirely abstract and very, very unusual. And we could discuss that topic alone for days to really try to figure out, how is it that we hear something that's emotional from something that starts out as a vibration in the air?
Multi dintre dumneavoastra stiu ca aceasta este Simfonia nr. 7 de Beethoven. Multi dintre dumneavostra cunosc ca a fost surd, sau aproape de surzenia totala, cand a scris asta. Acum vreau sa va fac sa intelegeti cat de neobisnuit este ca putem sa auzim muzica. Muzica este unul dintre cele mai stranii lucruri Consta intr-o vibratie acustica in aer, mici unde de energie in aer care ne ating timpanul Stimuland intr-un anume fel timpanul nostru ce transmite energie mai departe catre oscioarele de auz care o convertesc intr-un impuls fluid in interiorul cohlearului si apoi transformata cumva intr-un semnal electric in nervii nostri auditivi care se finalizeaza intr-un fel anume in creierele noastre ca o perceptie a unui cantec sau a unei frumoase piese muzicale. Acest proces este in intregime abstract, si foarte, foarte neobisnuit. Si putem discuta doar despre acest subiect zile intregi pentru a incerca intr-adevar sa intelegem, cum se face ca auzim ceva ca fiind emotionant din ceva ce a inceput ca o vibratie in aer?
Turns out that if you have hearing loss, most people that lose their hearing lose it at what's called the cochlea, the inner ear. And it's at the hair cell level that they do this. Now if you had to pick a sense to lose, I have to be very honest with you and say, we're better at restoring hearing than we are at restoring any sense that there is. In fact, nothing even actually comes close to our ability to restore hearing. And as a physician and a surgeon, I can confidently tell my patients that if you had to pick a sense to lose, we are the furthest along medically and surgically with hearing. As a musician, I can tell you that if I had to have a cochlear implant, I'd be heartbroken. I'd just be plainly heartbroken, because I know that music would never sound the same to me.
Privita invers, daca ti-ai pierdut auzul, majoritatea celor care si-au pierdut auzul il pierd la nivelul asa numitul cohlea, urechea interna. Si asta se intampla la nivelul celulei firului de par. Daca acum ati fi nevoiti sa alegeti un simt pe care sa-l pierdeti, Trebuie sa fiu foarte sincer cu voi si sa spun, suntem mai buni in recuperarea auzului decat in recuperarea oricarui alt simt care exista, De fapt, nimic altceva nici macar nu se apropie de abilitatea noastra de a restabili auzul. Si ca fizician si chirurg, pot sa spun cu incredere pacientilor mei ca daca este nevoie sa aleaga un simt pe care sa-l piarda, suntem apropiati din punct de vedere medical si chirurgical intr-o masura mai mare de auz. Ca si muzician, va pot spune ca daca ar fi sa am un implant cohlear, as avea inima franta, as fi de-a dreptul zdrobit deoarece as sti ca muzica nu ar mai suna niciodata la fel pentru mine.
Now this is a video that I'm going to show you of a girl who's born deaf. She's in a very supportive environment. Her mother's doing everything she can. Okay, play that video please.
Acum o sa va arat un material video cu o fetita care s-a nascut surda. Ea se afla intr-un mediu care o sprijina foarte mult. Mama ei face tot ceea ce poate. OK, pune-ti materialul va rog.
(Video) Mother: That's an owl. Owl, yeah. Owl. Owl. Yeah. Baby. Baby. You want it? (Kiss)
(Video) Mama: Asta este o bufnita! Bufnita, da. Bufnita. Bufnita. Da. Baby. Baby. O vrei? (Pupic)
Charles Limb: Now despite everything going for this child in terms of family support and simple infused learning, there is a limitation to what a child who's deaf, an infant who was born deaf, has in this world in terms of social, educational, vocational opportunities. I'm not saying that they can't live a beautiful, wonderful life. I'm saying that they're going to face obstacles that most people who have normal hearing will not have to face.
Charles Limb: Acum in ciuda a tot ce se face pentru acest copil in ceea ce priveste suportul familiei ai al invataturilor simple insuflate, exista o limitarea la ceea ce copilul care este surd, bebelusul care s-a nascut surd, are in lumea lui in ceea ce priveste viata sociala, educationala, oportunitatile vocationale. Nu spun ca ei nu pot sa traiasca o viata frumoasa, minunata. Spun doar ca vor avea de infruntat obstacole pe care oamenii cu auz normal nu trebuie sa le intampine.
Now hearing loss and the treatment for hearing loss has really evolved in the past 200 years. I mean literally, they used to do things like stick ear-shaped objects onto your ears and stick funnels in. And that was the best you could do for hearing loss. Back then you couldn't even look at the eardrum. So it's not too surprising that there were no good treatments for hearing loss.
Pierderea auzului si tratamentul pentru pierderea auzului chiar a evoluat in ultimii 200 de ani. Si spun asta fara exagerare, foloseau lucruri ca lipirea unor obiecte in forma de ureche peste urechi si alipeau acestora niste palnii. Si asta era tot ce se putea mai bine pentru pierderea auzului. Pe atunci nici macar nu puteai sa te uiti la un timpan. asa ca nu este atat de surprinzator ca nu existau tratamente cu rezultate bune pentru pierderea auzului.
And now today we have the modern multi-channel cochlear implant, which is an outpatient procedure. It's surgically placed inside the inner ear. It takes about an hour and a half to two hours, depending on where it's done, under general anesthesia. And in the end, you achieve something like this where an electrode array is inserted inside the cochlea. Now actually, this is quite crude in comparison to our regular inner ear.
In prezent avem implanturi moderne de cohlea multi-canelari, ce reprezinta o procedura ambulatorie. Este plasat chirurgical in urechea interna. Dureaza aproximativ o ora si jumatate - doua ore, in functie de locul unde este executata, sub anestezie generala. Si la sfarsit se obtine ceva de genul unui sir de electrozi introdusi in interiorul cohlea-rului De fapt, este chiar crud in comparatie cu ureche noastra interna normala.
But here is that same girl who is implanted now. This is her 10 years later. And this is a video that was taken by my surgical mentor, Dr. John Niparko, who implanted her. If we could play this video please.
Dar priviti aceeasi fetita care are un implant acum. Aceasta este ea dupa 10 ani. Si acesta este un material video care a fost facut de catre mentorul meu in chirurgie, Dr. John Niparko, cel care i-a facut implantul. daca am putea sa punem acest materal video va rog.
(Video) John Niparko: So you've written two books?
(Video) John Niparko: deci ai scris doua carti?
Girl: I have written two books. (Mother: Was the other one a book or a journal entry?) Girl: No, the other one was a book. (Mother: Oh, okay.)
Fetita: Am scris doua carti. (Mama: Cealalta a fost o carte sau un jurnal?) Fetita: Nu, celalata a fost o carte. (Mama: O, ok.)
JN: Well this book has seven chapters, and the last chapter is entitled "The Good Things About Being Deaf." Do you remember writing that chapter?
JN: Ei bine cartea aceasta are sapte capitole, si ultimul capitol este intitulat "Lucrurile bune in a fi surd" Iti amintesti de scrierea acestui capitol?
Girl: Yes I do. I remember writing every chapter.
Fetita: Da. Imi amintesc de scrierea fiecarui capitol.
JN: Yeah. Girl: Well sometimes my sister can be kind of annoying. So it comes in handy to not be annoyed by her.
JN: Yeah. Fetita: Ei bine cateodata sora mea poate fi cam enervanta. Asa ca imi vine la indemana sa nu fiu deranjata de ea.
JN: I see. And who is that?
JN: Inteleg. Si cine este?
Girl: Holly. (JN: Okay.)
Fetita: Holly. (JN: Ok)
Mother: Her sister. (JN: Her sister.) Girl: My sister.
Mama: Sora ei. (JN: Sora ei.) Fetita: Sora mea.
JN: And how can you avoid being annoyed by her?
JN: Si cum poti evita sa fi deranjata de catre ea?
Girl: I just take off my CI, and I don't hear anything. (Laughter) It comes in handy.
Fetita: Imi scot pur si simplu CI-ul si nu mai aud nimic. (Rasete) E la indemana.
JN: So you don't want to hear everything that's out there?
JN: Deci nu vrei sa auzi chiar totul?
Girl: No.
Fetita: Nu.
CL: And so she's phenomenal. And there's no way that you can't look at that as an overwhelming success. It is. It's a huge success story in modern medicine. However, despite this incredible facility that some cochlear implant users display with language, you turn on the radio and all of a sudden they can't hear music almost at all. In fact, most implant users really struggle and dislike music because it sounds so bad. And so when it comes to this idea of restoring beauty to somebody's life, we have a long way to go when it comes to audition.
CL: Este fenomenala. Nu este nicio posibilitate ca sa nu te uiti la asta ca la un succes extraordinar. Chiar este. Este o imensa povesta de succes in medicina moderna. Oricum, in ciuda acestei facilitati incredibile pe care cativa utilizatori de impanturi auditive o expun prin vorbe, deschizi radioul si deodata ei nu pot sa asculte muzica aproape deloc. De fapt, majoritatea utilizatorilor de implanturi se chinuie intr-adevar si nu apreciaza muzica deoarece suna foarte rau. Si atunci a aparut ideea de recastigare a frumusetii vietii unora, avem un drum lung de parcurs cand vine lvorba de auditie
Now there are a lot of reasons for that. I mentioned earlier the fact that music is a different capacity because it's abstract. Language is very different. Language is very precise. In fact, the whole reason we use it is because it has semantic-specificity. When you say a word, what you care is that word was perceived correctly. You don't care that the word sounded pretty when it was spoken.
Acum exista un numar mare de motive pentru acesata. Am mentionat mai devreme faptul ca muzica este o dimensiune aparte deoarece este abstracta. Vorbirea este foarte diferita. Vorbirea este foarte precisa. De fapt, motivul complet din cauza caruia o folosim este fiindca are o specificitate semantica. Cand spui un cuvant, ceea ce te intereseaza este ca acel cuvant sa fie perceput corect. Nu te intereseaza ca acel cuvant sa sune dragut atunci cand este spus.
Music is entirely different. When you hear music, if it doesn't sound good, what's the point? There's really very little point in listening to music when it doesn't sound good to you. The acoustics of music are much harder than those of language. And you can see on this figure, that the frequency range and the decibel range, the dynamic range of music is far more heterogeneous. So if we had to design a perfect cochlear implant, what we would try to do is target it to be able to allow music transmission. Because I always view music as the pinnacle of hearing. If you can hear music, you should be able to hear anything.
Cu muzica este total diferit. Cand asculti muzica, daca nu suna bine, care mai este scopul? Este un punct foarte mic in ascultarea muzicii cand nu-ti suna bine. Acustica muzicii este mult mai puternica decat cea a vorbirii. Si puteti vede pe aceasta imagine, in care nivelul frecventei, si nivelul decibelic, dinamica nivelului muzicii este de departe mai eterogena. Asa ca daca ar fi sa proiectam implantul perfect de cohlea ceea ce am incerca sa facem ar fi sa fim capabili sa ascultam transmiterea muzicii. Deoarece vad intotdeauna muzica ca fiind un apogeu al ascultarii. Daca poti sa asculti muzica, vei fi in stare sa auzi orice.
Now the problems begin first with pitch perception. I mean, most of us know that pitch is a fundamental building block of music. And without the ability to perceive pitch well, music and melody is a very difficult thing to do -- forget about a harmony and things like that. Now this is a MIDI arrangement of Rachmaninoff's Prelude. Now if we could just play this.
Problemele incep cu perceperea masurii.. Vreau sa spun ca, multi dintre noi stiu ca masura este o componenta fundamentala in construirea muzicii. Si fara abilitatea de a percepe masura asa cum trebuie, muzica si melodia sunt un lucru foarte greu de facut -- uitati de armonie si lucruri de genul asta. Acesta este un aranjament MIDI al Preludiului lui Rahmaninoff Daca putem sa-i dam drumul.
(Music)
(Muzica)
Okay, now if we consider that in a cochlear implant patient pitch perception could be off as much as two octaves, let's see what happens here when we randomize this to within one semitone. We would be thrilled if we had one semitone pitch perception in cochlear implant users. Go ahead and play this one.
Ok, acum daca luam in considerare asta la un pacient cu implant auditiv perceperea masurii poate fi gresita cu pana la doua octave, sa vedem ce se intampla aici cand generam asta intr-un semiton Vom vibra daca vom avea perceptia masurii unui semiton in implantul cohlear al utilizatorului. Dati drumul si puneti asta
(Music)
(Muzica)
Now my goal in showing you that is to show you that music is not robust to degradation. You distort it a little bit, especially in terms of pitch, and you've changed it. And it might be that you kind of like that. That's kind of hypnotic. But it certainly wasn't the way the music was intended. And you're not hearing the same thing that most people who have normal hearing are hearing.
Acum scopul meu este sa va arat sa va arat ca muzica nu este rezistenta la degradare. Distorsionati-i foarte putin, in special in ceea ce priveste masura, si o veti avea schimbata. Si poate fi ceva ce ar putea sa va placa. Un fel de hipnoza Dar cu siguranta nu a fost modul in care trebuia sa fie acea muzica Si nu ascultati acelasi lucru cu ceea ce majoritatea oamenilor cu auz normal aud.
Now the other issue comes with, not just the ability to tell pitches apart, but the ability to tell sounds apart. Most cochlear implant users cannot tell the difference between an instrument. If we could play these two sound clips in succession. (Trumpet) The trumpet. And the second one. (Violin) That's a violin. These have similar wave forms. They're both sustained instruments. Cochlear implant users cannot tell the difference between these instruments. The sound quality, or the sound of the sound is how I like to describe timbre, tone color -- they cannot tell these things whatsoever. This implant is not transmitting the quality of music that usually provides things like warmth.
Acum apare un alt aspect, nu doar abilitatea de a identifica separat masurile, ci abilitatea de a identifica separat sunetele. Majoritatea utilizatorilor de implant auditiv nu pot spune care este diferenta dintre instrumente daca putem sa punem aceste doua clipuri audio succesiv. (Trompeta) Trompeta Si urmatorul Vioara Acesta este vioara Au forma undelor similara. Sunt amandoua instrumente sustinute Utilizatorii de implant cohlear nu pot sa faca diferenta dintre aceste instrumente. Calitatea sunetului, sau sunetul sunetului este modul in care imi place sa desciu timbrul, tonalitatea -- ei nu pot sa spuna aceste lucruri orice ar fi. Acest implant nu transmite calitatea muzicii care de obicei genereaza lucruri ca si caldura
Now if you look at the brain of an individual who has a cochlear implant and you have them listen to speech, have them listen to rhythm and have them listen to melody, what you find is that the auditory cortex is the most active during speech. You would think that because these implants are optimized for speech, they were designed for speech. But actually if you look at melody, what you find is that there's very little cortical activity in implant users compared with normal hearing controls. So for whatever reason, this implant is not successfully stimulating auditory cortices during melody perception.
Daca va uitati la creierul unui individ care are un implant cohlear. si il studiati in timp ce asculta un speech un ritm si o melodie, ceea ce veti gasi este ca, cortexul auditiv este mult mai activ in timpul speech-ului Va ganditi ca se intampla asa deoarece aceste implanturi sunt optimizate pentru vorbire, finnd concepute pentru vorbire. dar daca va uitati de fapt la melodie, ceea ce veti gasi este ca acolo va fi o foarte mica activitate a cortexului la utilizatorii de implanturi decat la cei cu auzul normal. Asa ca nu conteaza din ce motiv, implantul nu stimuleaza cu succes cortexul auditiv in timpul perceperii melodiei.
Now the next question is, well how does it really sound? Now we've been doing some studies to really get a sense of what sound quality is like for these implant users. I'm going to play you two clips of Usher, one which is normal and one which has almost no high frequencies, almost no low frequencies and not even that many mid frequencies. Go ahead and play that.
Acum intrebarea care se pune este, Bun, cum suna in realitate? Facem cateva studii pentru a obtine un sens la ceea ce reprezinta calitatea sunetului pentru acesti utilizatori de implant auditiv Va voi pune doua clipuri ale lui Usher unul care este normal si unul care nu are majoritatea frecventelor inalte si joase nici macar majoritatea frecventelor medii. Dati-i drumul
(Music)
(Musica)
(Limited Frequency Music)
(Muzica cu frecvente limitate)
I had patients tell me that those sound the same. They cannot differentiate sound quality differences between those two clips. Again, we are very, very far away in just getting to where we want to get to.
Am avut pacienti care mi-au spus ca aceste sunete sunt la fel. Nu au putut sa distinga diferente in calitatea sunetului intre cele doua clipuri Inca o data, suntem foarte, foarte departe de ceea ce ne dorim sa obtinem.
Now the question comes to mind: Is there any hope? And yes, there is hope. Now I don't know if anybody knows who this is. This is ... does somebody know? This is Beethoven. Now why would we know what Beethoven's skull looks like? Because his grave was exhumed. And it turns out that his temporal bones were harvested when he died to try to look at the cause of his deafness, which is why he has molding clay and his skull is bulging out on the side there. But Beethoven composed music long after he lost his hearing. What that suggests is that, even in the case of hearing loss, the capacity for music remains. The brains remain hardwired for music.
Acum o intrebare ne vine in minte. Exista vreo speranta? Si da, exista o speranta. Nu stiu daca cineva stie cine este Este... stie cineva? este Beethoven. De ce-am sti cum arata craniul lui Beethoven? Deoarece mromantul lui a fost exhumat. avand ca rezultat oasele lui scoase asa cum erau la momentul mortii in incercarea de a descoperi cauzele surzeniei sale de aceea avea mocirla si craniul sau era umflat in acea parte. Dar Beethoven a compus muzica si mult dupa ce si-a pierdut auzul. Ceea ce ne spune ca , chiar si in cazul pierderii auzului, capacitatea pentru muzica ramane. Creierul ramane in functiune pentru muzica.
I've been very lucky to work with Dr. David Ryugo where I've been working on deaf cats that are white and trying to figure out what happens when we give them cochlear implants. This is a cat that's been trained to respond to a trumpet for food.
Sunt foarte norocos sa lucrez cu Dr. David Ryogo unde lucram pe pisici surde care sunt apte si incercam sa intelegem ce se intampla cand le punem implant cohlear Aceasta este o pisica ce a fost antrenata sa reactioneze la o trompeta pentru mancare.
(Music)
(Muzica)
Text: Beethoven doesn't excite her. (Music) The "1812 Overture" isn't worth waking for. (Trumpet) But she jumps to action when called to duty! (Trumpet)
Text: Beethoven nu o stimuleaza. (Muzica) "Uvertura 1812" nu merita efortul de a se deplasa (Trompeta) Dar se arunca in actiune atunci cand e chemata la datorie! (Trompeta)
CL: Now I'm not suggesting that the cat is hearing that trumpet the way we're hearing it. I'm suggesting that with training you can imbue a musical sound with significance, even in a cat. If we were to direct efforts towards training cochlear implant users to hear music -- because right now there's virtually no effort put towards that, no rehabilitative strategies, very little in the way of technological advances to actually improve music -- we would come a long way.
CL: Nu sugerez ca pisica aude trompeta in acelasi fel in care o auzim noi. sugerez doar ca, cu antrenament poti insufla un sunet muzical cu semnificatie, chiar si pentru o pisica. Daca ar fi sa depunem eforturi directionate catre antrenarea utilizatorilor de implant cohlear de a asculta muzica -- fiindca in acest moment nu sunt eforturi depuse in acest sens, nu sunt strategii de restaurare, s-a avansat foarte putin pe drumul tehnologic in vederea imbunatatirii muzicii -- ne asteapta un drum lung.
Now I want to show you one last video. And this is of a student of mine named Joseph who I had the good fortune to work with for three years in my lab. He's deaf, and he learned to play the piano after he received the cochlear implant. And here's a video of Joseph.
Acum vreau sa va arat un ultim material video. Acesta este despre un student de-al meu pe nume Joseph cu care am avut norocul sa lucrez timp de 3 ani in laboratorul meu. Este surd, si a invatat sa cante la pian dupa ce a primit un implant cohlear. Si acesta este un material video cu Joseph.
(Music)
(Musica)
(Video) Joseph: I was born in 1986. And at about four months old, I was diagnosed with profoundly severe hearing loss. Not long after, I was fitted with hearing aids. But although these hearing aids were the most powerful hearing aids on the market at the time, they weren't very helpful. So as a result, I had to rely on lip reading a lot, and I couldn't really hear what people were saying. When I was 12 years old, I was one of the first few people in Singapore who underwent cochlear implantation. And not long after I got my cochlear implant, I started learning how to play piano. And it was absolutely wonderful. Since then, I've never looked back.
(Video) Joseph: M-am nascut in 1986 Si cam la varsta de 4 luni Am fost diagnosticat cu o pierdere profunda si severa a auzului. Nu mult dupa aceea, Mi-au fost fixate dispozitive ajutatoare pentru urechi Dar cu toate ca aceste dispozitive ajutatoare erau cele mai puternice dispozitive de pe piata de la acea vreme, nu au fost foarte folositoare. Ca urmare, a trebuit sa ma bazez foarte mult pe citirea de pe buze, si nu puteam cu adevarat sa aud ce spuneau ceilalti. Cand aveam 12 ani, am fost unul dintre primii oameni din Singapore caruia i s-a facut un test pentru implant cohlear. Si nu mult dupa aceea am obtinut implantul cohlear Am inceput sa invat sa cant la pian. Si a fost absolut minunat. si de atunci, nu m-am uitat niciodata inapoi.
CL: Joseph is phenomenal. He's brilliant. He is now a medical student at Yale University, and he's contemplating a surgical career -- one of the first deaf individuals to consider a career in surgery. There are almost no deaf surgeons anywhere. And this is really unheard of stuff, and this is all because of this technology. And the fact that he can play the piano like that is a testament to his brain. Truth of the matter is you can play the piano without a cochlear implant, because all you have to do is press the keys at the right time. You don't actually have to hear it. I know he doesn't hear well, because I've heard him do Karaoke. (Laughter) And it's one of the most awful things -- heartwarming, but awful. (Laughter) And so there is certainly a lot of hope, but there's a lot more that needs to be done.
CL: Joseph este fenomenal. este briliant. Acum este student la medicina la Universitatea Yale, si intentioneaza sa urmeze o cariera in chirurgie -- unul dintre primele persoane surde care iau in considerare o cariera in chirurgie. Aproape ca nu exista chirurgi surzi pe nicaieri. Si asta chiar nu s-a mai auzit, si toate acestea datorita acestei tehnologii. Si faptul ca poate sa cante la pian in asa fel este un testament pentru creierul sau. Adevarul care conteaza este ca voi puteti canta la pian fara un implant cohlear, pentru ca tot ce aveti de facut este sa apasati clapele la momentul potrivit. Nu trebuie in fond sa auziti. Stiu ca nu aude bine, pentru ca l-am auzit la Karaoke. (Rasete) Si este unul dintre cele mai urate lucruri -- un lucru ce te incalzeste, dar groaznic. (Rasete) Asa ca exista cu siguranta destula speranta dar sunt atatea altele ce trebuiesc facute.
So I just want to conclude with the following words. When it comes to restoration of hearing, we have certainly come a long way, a remarkably long way. And we have a much longer way to go when it comes to the idea of restoring perfect hearing. And let me tell you right now, it's fine that we would all be very happy with speech. But I tell you, if we lost our hearing, if anyone here suddenly lost your hearing, you would want perfect hearing back. You wouldn't want decent hearing, you would want perfect hearing. Restoration of basic sensory function is critical. And I don't mean to understate how important it is to restore basic function. But it's really restoration of the ability to perceive beauty where we can get inspiring. And I don't think that we should give up on beauty.
Vreau sa concluzionez cu urmatoarele cuvinte. Cand vine vorba de restabilirea auzului, am facut cu siguranta un drum lung, un drum remarcabil de lung. si avem de facut mult mai mult decat pana acum. cand vorbim despre ideea restaurarii auzului perfect Si lasati-ma sa va spun acum, este in regula ca vom fi toti foarte fericiti cu vorbirea Dar va spun ca, daca pierdem auzul daca cineva isi pierde brusc auzul, veti dori inapoi auzul perfect. Nu veti dori un auz decent, veti dori auzul perfect. Restabilirea functiilor senzoriale de baza este critica. Si nu vreau sa inteleg cat de importanta este restabilirea functiilor de baza. ci restabilirea cu adevarat a abilitatii de a percepe frumusetea acolo unde putem fi impresionati Si nu cred ca trebuie sa renuntam la frumusete.
And I want to thank you for your time.
Si vreau sa va multumesc pentru timpul acordat
(Applause)
(Aplauze)