You don't hear much praise for China in the United States these days. To be fair, China doesn't say great things about the US either.
当今时代,在美国 你很少听到对中国的赞美。 平心而论, 中国也没有说美国什么好话。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
The two big nations are stuck in a geopolitical deadlock that is bad for progress to fight climate change. I'm a China sustainability policy analyst and I have witnessed a clean energy revolution there that could mean big things for the rest of the world. But it's become clear to me that if the US continues to see China as a threat, the desired transition will never happen at the faster pace and the larger scale as expected. We urgently need to pivot from the currently dismal relations and reset a constructive rather than destructive foundation for a global clean energy revolution.
这两个大国被困在 一种地缘政治的死结之中, 这对于应对气候变化来说是很不利的。 我是一名中国可持续发展战略研究员, 我见证了在那里发生的 一场清洁能源革命, 这场革命对整个世界来说意义重大。 但我也意识到, 如果美国继续将中国视作威胁, 那么理想中的转变 将不会以人们所期待的 更快的速度和 在更广的层面发生。 我们亟需从当前的惨淡关系中走出来, 然后重启一个建设性的 而不是破坏性合作基础, 来共同推进全球清洁能源的革新。
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Let's take a look at the clean energy manufacturing, because this seems to be where the tension lies today. Some US commentators said, "The best chance was 10 years ago. The second best chance is now." The best chance was China's drive to invest aggressively and ambitiously in clean technologies with the China Make 2025 campaign. The outcome is massive deployment of clean energy solutions that established China as a global leader in this landscape. The US Inflation Reduction Act in 2022, a climate law that pushes for investments in domestic clean energy production, represents the second best chance. The IEA executive director Fatih vividly called this dynamic “the beginning of a new age of clean energy manufacturing.”
我们来看看 清洁能源制造行业, 因为这似乎是当今的 紧张局势焦点所在。 一些美国评论员说: “最好的时机是十年前, 第二好的时机就是现在。” 这个最好的机会就是中国的 “2050中国制造”战略驱动下的 积极主动而又野心勃勃的 对清洁能源科技领域的投资。 该战略的结果就是 大规模应用清洁能源解决方案, 从而奠定中国在该领域的 国际领导者地位。 2022年出台的 《美国通货膨胀消减法案》 其中有关气候的立法推动 对本国清洁能源产业的投资 是第二好的机会。 国际能源机构执行 主任法提赫(Fatih) 将这股潮流生动地形容为: “清洁能源制造行业的新时代 正在拉开序幕。”
A decade apart, China and the US stand at a different position along the global value chain. While China is already in the second decade of transition, the US is just starting to take off. The recent data shows China provided 77 percent of global batteries last year and it is right on track to lead all nations in manufacturing clean energy products by 2030. China's investment has also put it as a global leader, leading exporter of those technologies: solar, wind, batteries, you name it.
相隔十年, 中美两国站在了 全球价值链的不同位置。 当中国已经进入了变革的 第二个十年之中时, 美国才刚刚开始。 最近的数据显示去年 中国提供了全球77%的电池, 而且它也已经步入正轨 持续发展清洁能源产业, 并将在2030年达到 清洁能源产品的世界领先地位。 中国的投资使它成为 清洁能源方面的全球领导者, 是这些相关科技的领先出口国: 太阳能、风能、电池, 你想得到的都包括。
My professional experience also tells me that the US can learn a great deal from China's steadfast dedication to push forward the clean energy transition in some key ways.
我的专业经验还让我意识到: 美国可以从中国的坚定不移 推进新能源变革中 学到几个关键方法。
Firstly, China is re-energizing the world's largest energy system with renewables and smart grid infrastructure. And the US can adapt this with a much shorter learning curve and reduced costs. The first half of this year saw 34 percent of China’s electricity generated from non-fossil fuels, right on track to deliver 39 percent by 2025, as has been planned, and aiming for 80 percent by 2035. Between now and 2035, China's national endeavors are focused on rapid expansion of installations and also consumption of clean energy in all sectors you could imagine. In the meantime, it's also dedicated to enhancing grid transmission and distribution systems to accommodate this growth of renewables.
首先,中国利用可再生能源 和智能电网基础设施 给世界上最大的能源系统 重新注入活力。 美国可以用更短的 学习曲线来借鉴这一点 并降低成本。 今年上半年, 34%的中国用电量 来自于非化石燃料, 继续发展势头预计 2025年将会达到39%, 正如计划之中, 并且目标是到2035 达到80%。 从现在到2035年, 中国的举国之力集中于 在你所能想到的所有领域 快速拓展安装和消费清洁能源。 与此同时, 它还致力于升级 电网传输和分配系统 来适应新能源的发展。
US and China operate power systems in two different regulatory contexts, but share the logic and also technicality when designing and building a clean, smart, net-zero carbon emissions grid system. China is also becoming a real daredevil in pioneering the development of 5G and AI-enabled power systems and deploying the ultra-high-voltage grid systems supplemented by vehicle-to-grid technologies in order to accommodate the rise of EVs. China's experience can provide an invaluable reference or insight for the US to decarbonize your own power system.
美国和中国的电力系统 在两个不同的监管环境下运营, 但是在设计和建设一个 清洁、智能、零碳排放的电网方面 有着相同的思维逻辑和科学技术。 中国正在变得 越来越敢探索创新, 正如在率先发展5G领域 和人工智能电力系统方面, 以及应用由“车辆到电网” 技术相辅相成的 超高压电网系统 来适配电动车的兴盛。 中国的经验可以提供 宝贵的参考或启示, 使美国能够借鉴 来为自己的电力系统去碳化。
Secondly, China is leading a global campaign to increase solar usage. The social, economic and environmental model deployed in China can help the US to address climate injustice challenges domestically. Solar energy is becoming the least-cost option for new electricity generation in most parts of the world today. The IEA forecasts an average annual solar generation growth of 25 percent between 2022 and 2030, which is about 10 times of the current total global installations, in order to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century. Or to put it another way, this is one kilowatt solar installation per person by 2030. That number stands today at one-tenth kilowatt globally. China is on its way to achieve two-fifths kilowatt by the end of this year.
第二,中国正在引领 一场全球范围的 增加太阳能使用的运动。 中国所采用的 社会、经济和环境模式 能够帮助美国解决 国内所面临的气候不公正挑战。 在当今世界绝大多数地方, 太阳能正在变成新能源时代 最低成本的选择。 国际能源机构预测 在2022到2030年间, 平均每年太阳能发电量 需要增长25%, 也就是现有全球装置 发电总量的10倍, 就能够在本世纪中叶 达到零净碳排放的目标。 或者换一种说法, 到 2030 年,人均安装 一千瓦太阳能设备。 当下这个数据是全球平均 十分之一千瓦每人。 中国到今年年底, 就将实现五分之二千瓦每人。
To bridge the gap, a group of leading Chinese universities and institutions launched a China campaign advocating one kilowatt solar installation per person by 2030. The strategy is -- and also turning that into a global campaign, called Solar Lights the Planet. The strategy is to really use solar installation as the intervention point to explore how rural energy transition in China can benefit other UN sustainability targets. On one side, it's cost-effective. One kilowatt solar installation requires five square meters of space and a 500-dollar upfront investment to install. When completed, it generates green electricity while avoiding carbon emissions. And on the other side, it also demonstrates that co-benefits can be created and maximized. Rapid rural energy transition can bring new investment and also create green power-enabled growth opportunities, for instance, food, agriculture, fishery, energy services, tourism and other industries. China's experience definitely can be very valuable for the US to think about the solutions to address climate injustice. Solar Lights The Planet is the ambition. It also offers colleagues in the United States to work with peers from China and other parts of the world to really tackle the climate injustice challenge.
为了缩小差距, 一批中国顶尖大学和机构 发起一项中国运动 倡议到2030完成安装 每人一千瓦太阳能设备。 这个策略——并且将它 推广为全球性的运动, 叫做“太阳能点亮地球”。 这个策略是使用太阳能装置 作为介入点, 来探索中国农村的能源转型 如何有利于实现 联合国的可持续发展目标。 一方面,它很经济实惠。 一千瓦的太阳能装置 需要5平方米空间 和500美元的前期投资来安装 完成之后,它能够 产生清洁电能 并避免碳排放。 另一方面, 它也诠释了该策略 可以产生和放大共同利益。 迅速的农村能源转型 可以带来新的投资 以及创造新能源支撑的 发展机遇, 例如食物、农业、渔业、能源服务、 旅游业和其他产业。 中国经验对于美国来说 非常有价值, 可以用来借鉴思考 如何解决气候不公正问题。 “太阳能点亮地球” 可谓雄心壮志。 它同时也提供机会 让美国的同事们 与来自中国和世界其他地区 的同行们协同合作 来真正的解决 气候不公正挑战。
Thirdly, China is mainstreaming a circular economy and transforming its supply chains. Joining forces, China, the US, together with the EU, can literally reset the global supply chain solidly on sustainability. China is a global manufacturing powerhouse. Its demand for raw materials and critical metals is growing exponentially. As we all know, the planet cannot possibly afford the ecological destruction from quadruple, and in some cases even six times the current import of critical metals to match the planned energy transition. A circular economy offers a remedy to decouple the growth from resource use.
第三,中国正在 大力促进循环经济, 并重塑其供应链。 如若联合起来, 中国、美国以及欧盟, 可以事实上重塑 稳健和可持续发展的产业链。 中国是全球制造业强国。 它需要原材料, 关键的金属材料行业 就指数型暴涨。 正如我们所知, 地球不可能承受 当前关键金属开采的 四倍,有些情况下甚至是六倍 的生态破坏 来对应计划中的能源传输。 循环经济使增长相关联的 资源消耗得以缓解。
China is also well positioned to reset its supply chains with circularity at the core. Today, China recycles more than 95 percent of nickel and lithium. Business communities have a big role to play, providing solutions or answers to what hurdles to remove, what innovative solutions to deploy, what business models actually to promote, and very importantly, how to consolidate a global partnership to work together to shape our sustainable and circular global supply chain. Which is why a group of Chinese organizations are working together, kicking off a China Circularity 100 initiative, aiming by 2030 to really find the pathways to close the loop in recycling for critical metals and also for the energy sector. It's targeting at least 100 companies to work together to find the alternative pathways. China's practice can become a very important reference for the United States to make investment decisions to embrace circularity now.
以循环使用为内核, 中国完全有能力 重置供应链。 如今,中国回收使用超过 95% 的镍和锂。 商业社区在这中间 起到重要作用, 提供解决方案或者回答 关于去除什么障碍的问题, 施行什么创新举措, 推广什么样的商业模式, 以及非常重要的是, 如何巩固全球伙伴关系, 从而协同合作,共同打造 可持续和循环的全球供应链。 这就是为什么一批中国机构 正在通力合作, 发起 “中国循环100” 倡议 目标是到2030年, 找到真正的发展路径 来实现关键金属的 循环利用闭环, 以及能源产业的发展闭环。 该项目的目标是 找到至少100家公司 来通力合作 寻找可替代发展路径。 中国的实践 给美国当下 关于如何拥抱循环经济 的投资决定 提供了一个非常重要的参考。
So how do we jump-start a new US-China partnership? Well, the two governments ... should start with a revised narrative, one that is with good intention, as well as with collaborative spirit. In the meantime, the two nations need to assure the rest of the world that they are really seriously and sincerely working together to find their alternative and to rebuild partnership.
那么,我们该如何启动 新的美中合作伙伴关系? 这个,两方政府 首先应该重新修订叙述, 改写一版具有良好意愿 以及合作精神的共同叙述。 与此同时,两国还应当 令世界上其他国家安心, 让他们知道两国间 是认真且真诚的共同协作, 来找寻替代方案和 重建伙伴关系。
One thing to keep in mind: the climate change doesn't care about our ideological divide. Rather, it demands for collective actions that deliver outcomes.
要记住一件事情: 气候变化并不会因为 我们的意识形态分歧而有所不同。 与之相反,它需要通力 合作来达成目标。
Cornering China as a national security threat seems to claim that the US, rather than China, is the legitimate and trustworthy global leader in this transition. And yet, as the world's largest developed economy, the US doesn't meet the bar of what's expected of a global leader. Along the line, it doesn't provide the rest of the world with sufficient, accessible and affordable clean energy solutions, nor does it provide, deliver its financial commitments to other developing countries under the Paris Agreement.
将中国视为 国家安全的威胁, 似乎是在说美国, 而不是中国 才是这场变革之中 合法且可信的全球领导者。 而且,作为世界上 最大的发达国家, 美国并没有达到 全球领导者的期待值。 与此同时,它也没有 为世界其他国家提供 实惠、可得到和可负担的 清洁能源解决方案, 它也没有提供和支持 它在《巴黎气候协定》中 对其他发展中国家 所承诺的财务支持。
And China undoubtedly has to go a long way too in rethinking its strategy and behavior in dealing with the US. It needs to make extra efforts to convince the world that it's not a threat, but rather a trusted partner, willing and capable to work with the US to shift towards a collaborative partnership.
当然中国在重新思考 它与美国 打交道的策略和行为方面 也有很长的路要走。 中国需要付出更多努力 来说服世界 它不是一个威胁 而是一个可信任的合作伙伴, 它愿意并且能够 与美国并肩合作 来转向共同协作的 伙伴关系。
Let me leave this stage with some sort of cautious optimism. My heart feels enlightened when media in our two countries start to tell different US-China stories. Treasury Secretary Yellen's China trip last week went viral in Chinese social media. The rainbow welcoming her landing in Beijing Airport represents some hope and also a new beginning of bilateral relations. And her love for the wild mushroom soup from Yunnan province --
结束之前我想给大家 一些谨慎乐观的信息 当两国的媒体都开始讲述 不同以往的美中关系时候 我的心中感到豁然开朗。 财政部长耶伦 上周的中国之行 在中国的社交媒体上引起热议。 在飞机抵达北京机场时 出现的彩虹 代表着希望, 以及双边关系 的一个新的开始。 她对来自云南省的 野蘑菇汤的喜爱
(Laughter)
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literally gives me this kind of a warm and also sweet human touch.
给了我真切的温暖 和有人情味的感受。
And I have a message to climate envoy John Kerry, who is coming to China later this month. You know, the two governments have already declared quite a number of joint commitments and collective actions to fight climate change. What's urgently needed now is a shared vision, mission, aspiration, wisdom and very importantly, a compass to guide everyone back on track, to take collective actions and deliver the due results. It seems to me that's the must-have precondition for us all in order to keep a sustainable future within reach.
我想对美国气候特使 约翰·克里(John Kerry)说, 他将会在本月晚些时候访华, “你知道吗, 美中两方政府已经宣布了 好几项 共同承诺和联合行动 来应对气候变化。” 现在迫切需要的是 共同的愿景、使命、希望、 智慧,以及非常重要的是, 指引大家回到正轨的向导, 将联合行动付诸实施, 并达成富有成效的结果。 在我看来, 这是对我们所有人来说 能够达到可持续的未来 的先决条件。
Thank you.
谢谢大家。
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