Nearly 100 years ago, almost today, most women in the United States finally won the right to vote. Now, it would take decades more for women of color to earn that right, and we've come a long way since, but I would argue not nearly far enough. I think what women want today, not just only in the United States but around the globe, is to no longer be an afterthought. We don't want to continue to try to, like, look at the next 100 years and be granted, grudgingly, small legal rights and accommodations. We simply want true and full equality. I think that women are tired of retrofitting ourselves into institutions and governments that were built by men, for men, and we'd rather reshape the future on our own terms. I believe --
大約一百年前, 在大約今天, 美國大部分的女性終於贏得了投票權。 有色人種的女性要到 數十年後才爭得這項權利, 我們已有了相當大的進展, 但我會說這些進展還差得遠。 我認為,現今的女性所要的, 不僅是指美國的女性, 還有全世界的女性, 不想再像以前一樣, 總是事後才被想到。 我們不希望再持續努力一百年, 才被勉強地給予 一些小小的合法權利與便利。 我們只是想要真實和完整的平等。 我認為女性已經 厭倦了改裝我們自己, 來配合由男人建立、 為男人建立的制度和政府, 我們想要依照我們自己的 意願來重塑未來。 我相信——
(Applause)
(掌聲)
I believe what we need is a women's political revolution for full equality across race, across class, across gender identity, across sexual orientation, and yes, across political labels, because I believe what binds us together as women is so much more profound than what keeps up apart. And so I've given some thought about how to build this women's political revolution and that's what I want to talk to you about today.
我相信我們需要一個 完全平等的政治革命—— 跨種族、跨階級、跨性別認同、 跨性取向, 當然,還有跨政治標籤。 因為我相信,將我們女性 團結在一起的力量, 遠比離間我們的力量更深厚。 所以,我思考了要如何 打造這場女性政治革命, 這就是今天我想跟各位談的主題。
(Cheers)
(歡呼)
(Applause)
(掌聲)
The good news is that one thing that hasn't changed in the last century is women's resilience and our commitment to build a better life not only for ourselves, but for generations to come, because I can't think of a single woman who wants her daughter to have fewer rights or opportunities than she's had.
好消息是,在上個世紀中 有一樣東西沒有改變, 那就是女性的韌性, 以及我們要建立更好生活的決心, 不僅是為我們自己, 也為了未來的世代。 因為我相信不會有任何女性 會希望她的女兒 擁有的權利或機會比她還少。
So we know we all stand on the shoulders of the women who came before us, and as for myself, I come from a long line of tough Texas women.
我們知道,我們都站在 女性前人的肩膀上。 至於我自己, 我的家族世世代代 都是頑強的德州女性。
(Cheers)
(歡呼)
My grandparents lived outside of Waco, Texas, in the country. And when my grandmother got pregnant, of course she was not going to go to the hospital to deliver, she was going to have that baby at home. But when she went into labor, she called the neighbor woman over to cook dinner for my grandfather, because ... I mean, it was unthinkable that he was going to make supper for himself.
我的外祖父母住在 德州韋科市外的郊區。 我外婆懷孕時, 當然她不打算去醫院生產, 她打算在家生產。 但,當她開始分娩時, 她打電話給一位鄰居女子, 請她來為我外公準備晚餐, 因為…… 在那時,根本無法想像 他會自己弄晚餐來吃。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Been there.
我很清楚。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
The neighbor had no experience with killing a chicken, and that was what was planned for dinner that night. And so as the story goes, my grandmother, in the birthing bed, in labor, hoists herself up on one elbow and wrings that chicken's neck, right? And that is how my mother came into this world.
這位鄰居從來沒有殺過雞, 而那是那天規劃好的晚餐。 所以,接下來的故事是, 我外婆,躺在產床上,正在分娩, 用一隻手肘撐起自己, 扭斷了那隻雞的脖子。 我媽就是這樣出生的。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
(Applause)
(掌聲)
But the amazing thing is, even though my mother's own grandmother could not vote in Texas, because under Texas law, "idiots, imbeciles, the insane and women" were prevented the franchise -- just two generations later, my mother, Ann Richards, was elected the first woman governor in her own right in the state of Texas.
但,神奇的是, 雖然我媽媽自己的祖母 在德州無法投票, 因為,根據德州法律, 「白癡、低能者、精神病患,及女性」 沒有選舉權—— 但兩個世代以後, 我媽媽安·理查斯, 根據她自己的權利, 在德州獲選為第一位女州長。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
But you see, when Mom was coming up in Texas, there weren't a lot of opportunities for women, and frankly, she spent her entire life trying to change that. She used to like to say, "As women, if you just give us a chance, we can perform. After all, Ginger Rogers did everything Fred Astaire did, but she did it backwards and in high heels." Right? And honestly, that's kind of what women have been doing for this last century: despite having very, very little political power, we have made enormous progress.
但,當我媽媽在德州擔任州長時, 女性的機會還很少, 坦白說,她投入一生的努力 試圖改變這個現象。 她以前很喜歡說: 「只要給我們女性一個機會, 我們就能做給你看。 畢竟,弗雷德·阿斯泰爾做過的一切, 琴吉·羅傑斯也都做到了, 但她是穿著高跟鞋且倒退著做到的。」 對嗎? 老實說,在過去的這個世紀, 女性就一直是這樣做的: 儘管我們擁有的政治力量非常少, 我們取得了驚人的進展。
So today in the United States, 100 years after getting the right to vote, women are almost half the workforce. And in 40 percent of families with children, women are the major breadwinners. Economists even estimate that if every single paid working woman took just one day off of work, it would cost the United States 21 billion dollars in gross domestic product. Now, largely because of Title IX, which required educational equity, women are actually now half the college students in the United States. We're half the medical students, we're half the law students -- Exactly.
所以,現今在美國, 在得到投票權的一百年後, 勞動力中已經有近一半是女性。 在四成有小孩的家庭中, 女性是負責養家糊口的人。 經濟學家甚至估計, 如果讓每一位 有薪工作的女性放假一天, 美國的國內生產總值 就會減少 210 億美元。 主要是因為教育法修正案 第九條規定男女教育平等, 現今美國大學生有一半是女性。 醫學系學生有一半是女性, 法律系學生有一半是女性—— 是的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
And a fact I absolutely love: One of the most recent classes of graduating NASA astronauts was ... What? For the first time, 50 percent women.
還有一件我非常愛的事實: 最近一個美國太空總署 畢業的太空人班級…… 如何呢?史上第一次,有一半是女性。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
The point is that women are really changing industries, they're changing business from the inside out. But when it comes to government, it's another story, and I actually think a picture is worth 1000 words. This is a photograph from 2017 at the White House when congressional leaders were called over to put the final details into the health-care reform bill that was to go to Congress. Now, one of the results of this meeting was that they got rid of maternity benefits, which may not be that surprising, since no one at that table actually would need maternity benefits. And unfortunately, that's what we've learned the hard way in the US for women. If we're not at the table, we're on the menu, right? And we're simply not at enough tables, because even though women are the vast majority of voters in the United States, we fall far behind the rest of the world in political representation.
重點是,女性真的在改變各個產業。 她們從內而外在改變商業。 但在政府這方面就另當別論了。 我認為,一張照片能抵過千言萬語。 這張照片是 2017 年 在白宮拍攝的。 那時國會領袖被召去白宮, 把最後的細節 放入接下來要送交國會的 健康照護改革法案。 這場會議的其中一項結果, 就是他們拿掉生育津貼。 這並不讓人意外, 畢竟會議中的人都不是 會需要生育津貼的人。 不幸的是,在美國,我們女性 付出很高的代價才學到這個教訓。 因為如果我們沒有參與, 就任人宰割,對吧? 而我們參與的會議不夠多。 因為,雖然在美國, 投票者絕大多數是女性, 政治上的女性比例 卻遠遠落後其他國家。
Recent research is that when they ranked all the countries, the United States is 104th in women's representation in office. 104th ... Right behind Indonesia. So is it any big surprise, then, considering who's making decisions, we're the only developed country with no paid family leave? And despite all the research and improvements we've made in medical care -- and this is really horrifying to me -- the United States now leads the developed world in maternal mortality rates. Now, when it comes to equal pay, we're not doing a whole lot better. Women now, on average, in the United States, still only make 80 cents to the dollar that a man makes. Though if you're an African American woman, it's 63 cents to the dollar. And if you're Latina, it's 54 cents to the dollar. It's an outrage. Now, women in the UK, the United Kingdom, just came up with something I thought was rather ingenious, in order to illustrate the impact of the pay gap. So, starting November 10 and going through the end of the year, they simply put an out-of-office memo on their email to indicate all the weeks they were working without pay. Right? I think it's an idea that actually could catch on.
近期的一項研究 把所有的國家拿來排名, 在官職中的女性比例, 美國排在第 104 名。 第 104 名…… 排在印尼之後。 想想是誰在做決策, 我們是唯一一個沒有 帶薪家務假的已開發國家, 這樣的結果會讓人驚訝嗎? 儘管我們做了這麼多 在醫療照護方面的研究和改善—— 但這真的嚇壞我了—— 美國現今在已開發國家中 有最高的孕產婦死亡率。 另外,於薪資平等方面, 我們也沒有好到哪裡去。 在美國,平均來說, 女性賺的錢只有男性的 80%。 不過,如果你是非裔女性, 妳賺的就只有男性的 63%。 如果你是拉丁裔,就只有 54%。 這真讓人憤怒。 在英國的女性 想出了一個我覺得很妙的點子, 為了說明薪資差距的影響。 從 11 月 10 日開始,一直到年底, 她們就只是把外出備忘錄 放在電子郵件上, 指出她們無薪工作的每個星期。 對吧。 我認為這個點子真的會有用。
But imagine if women actually had political power. Imagine if we were at the table, making decisions. Imagine if we had our own women's political party that instead of putting our issues to the side as distractions, made them the top priority. Well, we know -- research shows that when women are in office, they actually act differently than men. They collaborate more with their colleagues, they work across party lines, and women are much more likely to support legislation that improves access to health care, education, civil rights. And what we've seen in our research in the United States Congress is that women sponsor more legislation and they cosponsor more legislation. So all the evidence is that when women actually have the chance to serve, they make a huge difference and they get the job done.
但想像一下,如果女性 真的有政治力量會如何。 想像一下,如果我們在 會議桌上做決策。 想像一下,如果我們 有女性自己的政黨, 我們的議題就不再是 被擺在一旁讓人分心的議題, 而是最優先處理的議題。 我們知道—— 研究顯示,女性執政時, 她們的行為與男性不同。 女性比較會和同事合作, 會跨越黨派界線, 而且女性更有可能支持立法 改善獲得健康照護、教育、 以及公民權的機會。 在美國國會所做的研究裡, 我們看到女性支持的立法比較多, 她們共同支持的立法也比較多。 所有的證據都顯示, 當女性有機會可以服務時, 她們造成很大的不同, 而且她們把事情辦好。
So how would it look in the United States if different people were making decisions? Well, I firmly believe if half of Congress could get pregnant, we would finally quit fighting about birth control and Planned Parenthood.
所以如果不同的人來做決策, 美國會是什麼樣子呢? 我堅信,如果有一半 國會議員能夠懷孕, 我們就永遠不會再有針對 避孕以及計畫生育的爭議。 (掌聲及歡呼)
(Applause and cheers)
那會告一段落。
That would be over.
(Applause)
(掌聲)
I also really believe that finally, businesses might quit treating pregnancy as a nuisance, and rather understand it as a primary medical issue for millions of American workers. And I think if more women were in office, our government would actually prioritize keeping families together rather than pulling them apart.
我也相信,終於, 企業能夠不再將懷孕視為麻煩, 而是認知到懷孕是數百萬 美國工作者的主要醫療問題。 我認為,如果有越多女性執政, 我們的政府會把 讓家人在一起的優先順序 放在拆散家庭之上。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
But perhaps most importantly, I think all of these issues would no longer be seen as "women's issues." They would just be seen as basic issues of fairness and equality that everybody can get behind.
但也許最重要的是, 上述這些議題都不會再被 視為是「女性的議題」。 它們會被視為是每個人都支持的 公平和平等的基本議題。
So I think the question is, what would it take, actually, to build this women's political revolution? The good news is, actually, it's already started. Because women around the globe are demanding workplaces, they're demanding educational institutions, they're demanding governments where sexism and sexual harassment and sexual assault are neither accepted nor tolerated. Women around the world, as we know, are raising their hands and saying, "Me Too," and it's a movement that's made so much more powerful by the fact that women are standing together across industries, from domestic workers to celebrities in Hollywood. Women are marching, we're sitting in, we're speaking up. Women are challenging the status quo, we're busting old taboos and yes, we are proudly making trouble.
所以,我認為問題是, 實際上,要如何才能夠建造 這個女性政治革命? 好消息是,其實 這個革命已經開始了。 因為全球各地的女性 在強力要求工作場所、 在強力要求教育機構、 在強力要求政府, 性別歧視、性騷擾、性侵害 既不可接受,也不能容忍。 我們知道,全世界的女性 都在舉起她們的手, 說「我也是」, 這個活動能夠如此強大, 就是因為各個產業的女性 都站在同一陣線, 從家務工到好萊塢名人都有。 女性在遊行,我們參與靜坐, 我們在大聲呼籲。 女性在挑戰現狀, 我們在打破古老的禁忌, 是的,我們很驕傲地在製造麻煩。
So, women in Saudi Arabia are driving for the very first time.
所以,沙烏地阿拉伯的 女性也能開車了,
(Applause and cheers)
這是有史以來第一次。
(掌聲及歡呼)
Women in Iraq are standing in solidarity with survivors of human trafficking. And women from El Salvador to Ireland are fighting for reproductive rights. And women in Myanmar are standing up for human rights. In short, I think the most profound leadership in the world isn't coming from halls of government. It's coming from women at the grassroots all across the globe.
伊拉克的女性和人口販賣的 倖存者團結起來。 從薩爾瓦多到愛爾蘭的女性 在為生育權而戰。 緬甸的女性為了人權而站出來。 簡言之,我認為 世界上最深厚的領導力 不是來自政府的廳堂, 而是來自全球各地的草根女性。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
And here in the United States, women are on fire. So a recent Kaiser poll reported that since our last presidential election in 2016, one in five Americans have either marched or taken part in a protest, and the number one issue has been women's rights. Women are starting new organizations, they are volunteering on campaigns, and they're taking on every issue from gun-safety reform to public education. And women are running for office in record numbers, and they are winning. So -- (Laughs)
在美國這裡,女性火力全開。 凱瑟醫療機構近期有一份民調指出 從 2016 年的總統大選之後, 五名美國人就有一名 曾經參加遊行或參與抗議, 而排名第一的議題就是女權。 女性開始創辦組織, 她們在競選活動中擔任志工, 她們槓上每一個議題, 從槍枝安全改革到公共教育。 女性參選的人數也創下記錄, 而且她們還勝選。 所以——(笑聲)
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Women like Lucy McBath from Georgia.
像來自喬治亞的露西. 麥克巴斯這樣的女性,
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
Lucy lost her son to gun violence, and it was because of her experience with the criminal justice system that she realized just how broken it is, and she decided to do something about that. So she ran for office, and this January, she's going to Congress. OK? Or --
露西的兒子在槍枝暴力事件中身亡, 因為她自己有 和司法體制相關的經歷, 她了解這個體制有多少問題, 而她決定要為此做點什麼。 於是她去參選, 今年一月,她就要去國會了。 好嗎?或者——
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Angie Craig from Minnesota.
明尼蘇達州的安琪.克雷格。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
So her congressman had made such hateful comments about LGBTQ people that she decided to challenge him. And you know what? She did, and she won, and when she goes to Congress in January, she'll be the first lesbian mother serving in the House of Representatives.
她那州的國會議員針對 非異性戀族群講出仇恨言論, 讓她決定要挑戰這位議員。 猜猜如何?她參選了,且贏了。 當她在一月進入國會時, 她將成為第一位在眾議院 任職的同志媽媽。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
Or --
或是——
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Or Lauren Underwood from Illinois. She's a registered nurse, and she sees every day the impact that lack of health care access has on the community where she lives, and so she decided to run. She took on six men in her primary, she beat them all, she won the general election, and when she goes to Congress in January, she's going to be the first African-American woman ever to serve her district in Washington, D.C.
或是伊利諾州的勞倫.安德伍德。 她是有執照的護理師, 她每天都會看到無法 取得健康照護的現象 對她所居住的社區有什麼影響, 所以她決定參選。 她的初選對手是六名男性, 而她打敗了他們所有人, 她贏了普選, 當一月她進入國會時, 她將會是華盛頓特區史上第一位 擔任此職的非裔美國女性。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
So women are recognizing -- this is our moment. Don't wait for permission, don't wait for your turn. As the late, great Shirley Chisholm said -- Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American woman ever to go to Congress and the first woman to run for president in the Democratic party -- but Shirley Chisholm said, "If there's no room for you at the table, just pull up a folding chair." And that's what women are doing, all across the country.
所以,女性開始了解—— 這是我們的時刻。 不要等待允許, 不要等待輪到你。 正如已故的偉人 雪莉.奇瑟姆所言—— 雪莉.奇瑟姆是史上第一位 進入國會的非裔美國女性, 也是民主黨第一位 競選總統的女性—— 但,雪莉.奇瑟姆說: 「如果會議桌沒有你的位置, 你就自己拉一把摺疊椅過去。」 這就是全國各地的女性在做的事。
I believe women are now the most important and powerful political force in the world, but how do we make sure that this is not just a moment? What we need is actually a global movement for women's full equality that is intersectional and it's intergenerational, where no one gets left behind. And so I have a few ideas about how we could do that.
我相信,現在全世界 最重要且強大的力量, 就是女性, 但我們要如何確保 這不只是稍縱即逝的一刻? 我們需要的是一個女性 完全平權的全球運動, 能夠跨越部門、跨越世代的運動, 沒有任何人被漏掉。 關於要怎麼做,我有幾個想法。
Number one: it's not enough to resist. It's not enough to say what we're against. It's time to be loud and proud about what we are for, because being for full equality is a mainstream value and something that we can get behind. Because actually, men support equal pay for women. Millennials, they support gender equality. And businesses are increasingly adopting family-friendly policies, not just because it's the right thing to do, but because it's good for their workers. It's good for their business.
第一:僅僅抵抗是不夠的。 只說出我們反對什麼是不夠的。 該是對我們的目標大聲疾呼 並感到驕傲的時候了, 因為完全的平權是一個主流價值, 這是我們能夠去支持的。 因為,男性其實支持 女性得到平等的薪資。 千禧世代也支持性別平等。 越來越多企業採用 對家庭友善的政策, 不僅是因為那是應該做的事, 也因為那對他們的員工有好處, 對他們的公司有好處。
Number two: We have to remember, in the words of Fannie Lou Hamer, that "nobody's free 'til everybody's free." So as I mentioned earlier, women of color in this country didn't even get the right to vote until much further along than the rest of us. But since they did, they are the most reliable voters, and women of color are the most reliable voters for candidates who support women's rights, and we need to follow their lead --
第二: 我們必須要記住 芬妮.露哈默所說的, 「在每個人都擁有自由之前, 沒有人是自由的。」 如我先前提到的, 這個國家中的有色女性 得到投票權的時間, 比我們其他人晚了非常多。 但自從他們有投票權之後, 他們就是最可靠的選民, 對於支持女權的候選人, 有色人種的女性是最可靠的選民, 我們需要追隨她們——
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
Because their issues are our issues. And as white women, we have to do more, because racism and sexism and homophobia, these are issues that affect all of us.
因為她們的議題就是我們的議題。 身為白人女性,我們得要做更多, 因為種族主義、 性別主義,和恐同性戀症, 是影響我們所有人的議題。
Number three: we've got to vote in every single election. Every election. And we've got to make it easier for folks to vote, and we've got to make sure that every single vote is counted, OK?
第三:每一次選舉, 我們都要去投票。 每一次。 我們得要把投票變得更容易, 我們得要確保每一票都算數,好嗎?
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
Because the barriers that exist to voting in the United States, they fall disproportionately on women -- women of color, women with low incomes, women who are working and trying to raise a family. So we need to make it easier for everyone to vote, and we can start by making Election Day a federal holiday in the United States of America.
因為在美國有投票的障礙, 那些障礙很不成比例地 落在女性身上—— 有色人種女性、低收入女性、 需要工作並試圖養家的女性。 所以我們必須要確保 人人都很容易投票, 我們可以從將美國的選舉日 訂為國定假日開始著手。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
Number four: don't wait for instructions. If you see a problem that needs fixing, I think you're the one to do it, OK?
第四:不要等指示。 如果你看到有問題需要處理, 我想,你就該是去處理的那個人。
So start a new organization, run for office. Or maybe it's as simple as standing up on the job in support of yourself or your coworkers. This is up to all of us. And number five: invest in women, all right?
所以,成立新組織,去競選。 也許簡單如在工作上站出來 支持你自己或你的同事。 這是我們所有人自己能決定的。 第五:投資女性,好嗎?
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Invest in women as candidates, as changemakers, as leaders. Just as an example, in this last election cycle in the United States, women donated 100 million dollars more to candidates and campaigns than they had just two years ago, and a record number of women won. So just think about that.
投資女性去參選, 去做改變,去領導。 舉個例子, 在美國最近的一次選舉週期中, 女性捐贈給候選人 和競選活動的金額, 比兩年前多出了至少一億美金, 女性勝選的人數也創下記錄。 想想這一點。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲和歡呼)
So look, sometimes I think that the challenges we face, they seem overwhelming and they seem like they almost can never be solved, but I think the problems that seem the most intractable are the ones that are most important to work on. And just because it hasn't been figured out yet doesn't mean you won't. After all, if women's work were easy, someone else would have already been doing it, right?
所以,有時我認為我們面臨的挑戰 似乎永遠都不可能有解, 但我認為,看似最棘手的問題 才是最重要最需要去處理的。 而且,現在還沒有想到辦法, 並不表示將來不會有辦法。 畢竟,如果女性的工作很簡單, 早就有其他人在做了,對吧?
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
But women around the globe, they're on the move, and they are taking strengths and inspiration from each other. They are doing things they never could have imagined. So if we could just take the progress we have made in joining the workforce, in joining business, in joining the educational system, and actually channel that into building true political power, we will reshape this century, because one of us can be ignored, two of us can be dismissed, but together, we're a movement, and we're unstoppable.
但全球各位的女性都動了起來, 而且她們從彼此身上 得到力量、鼓舞。 她們在做她們以前完全無法想像的事。 所以,如果我們能將我們已在 結合勞動力、 結合企業、 結合教育體制所取得的進展, 實際上將這些進展引導成 建立真正的政治力量, 我們將重塑這個世紀。 因為,只有一個人,可能會被忽略, 只有兩個人,可能會被打發, 但若同心協力,我們就是一場運動, 沒人能阻擋我們。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲及歡呼)
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)